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| Date Sept. 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF10250 |
Title
Updated September 30, 2024 The Philippines Overview and Recent Developments The United States and the Republic of the Philippines maintain a deep relationship that includes a bilateral security alliance, extensive military cooperation, close people-to-people ties, and many shared strategic and economic interests. U.S. administration of the Philippines as a colonial territory (1898-1946), which ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11236 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Declare War Clause, Part 7: The Cold War and Korean War September 30, 2024 This Legal Sidebar is the seventh part of an eight-part series that discusses the Declare War Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the Constitution, which grants Congress the power To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water[.] The ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12672 |
Title
Updated September 30, 2024 Russia s Nuclear Weapons Russia presents an acute threat to the United States and its allies, according to the 2022 National Defense Strategy. The 2022 Nuclear Posture Review, a Biden Administration review of U.S. nuclear policy, states Russia remains the U.S. rival with the most capable and diverse nuclear forces. Today it is unique in the combination of strategic and ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11230 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Declare War Clause, Part 1: Overview and Introduction September 30, 2024 This Legal Sidebar is the first installment in an eight-part series that discusses the Declare War Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the Constitution, which grants Congress the power To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water[.] The ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12322 |
Title
INSIGHTi Foreign Entity of Concern Requirements in the Section 30D Clean Vehicle Credit Updated September 30, 2024 The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA; P.L. 117-169) made significant changes to the clean vehicle credit (CVC) in Section 30D of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). The CVC allows individuals and businesses to reduce their federal income taxes by either $7,500 or $3,750 for purchases of ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12431 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel Kills Leader of Lebanese Hezbollah September 30, 2024 On September 27, 2024, an Israeli airstrike in Beirut killed Hassan Nasrallah, the longtime SecretaryGeneral of Lebanese Hezbollah. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin said that the United States was not involved and had no advance warning. Nasrallah s killing comes after a series of other Israeli operations against Hezbollah and ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2024 |
Report No. R48097 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2025 Appropriations Updated September 27, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48097 SUMMARY R48097 Energy and Water Development: FY2025 Appropriations September 27, 2024 The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations (E&W) bill funds civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2024 |
Report No. R48189 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2025 State of Play Updated September 27, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48189 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2025 State of Play Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Quick ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2024 |
Report No. R43744 |
Title
Monuments and Memorials Authorized Under the Commemorative Works Act in the District of Columbia: Current Development of In Progress and Lapsed Works Updated September 27, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43744 SUMMARY Monuments and Memorials Authorized Under the Commemorative Works Act in the District of Columbia: Current Development of In Progress and Lapsed ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF12730 |
Title
Updated September 27, 2024 Kids Online Safety Act On July 30, 2024, the Senate passed an amended version of S. 2073, titled the Kids Online Safety and Privacy Act. Title I of the act includes provisions similar to those in the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA; S. 1409). On September 18, 2024, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce ordered an amended House version of KOSA to be reported (H.R. 7891 ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. 97-615 |
Title
Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2024 Updated September 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 97-615 SUMMARY Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2024 Article I, Section 6, of the U.S. Constitution requires that compensation for Members of Congress be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. R44000 |
Title
Turkey (T rkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations Updated September 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44000 SUMMARY Turkey (T rkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations R44000 September 26, 2024 Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle U.S. relations with Turkey (T rkiye) take place within a complicated geopolitical environment, Eastern Affairs reflecting some shared ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. 97-1011 |
Title
Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables Updated September 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 97-1011 SUMMARY Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. R44381 |
Title
Intelligence Community Spending Trends Updated September 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44381 Intelligence Community Spending Trends Summary The intelligencevbudget, as considered separate and distinct from the defense budget, dates to reforms initiated in the 1970s to improve oversight and accountability of the intelligence community. The intelligence ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. IN12428 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Medical Standards to Join the Military September 26, 2024 Background Congress has established broad qualifications that individuals must meet in order to join the military (i.e., military accession). By statute, a secretary of a military department may enlist qualified, effective, and able-bodied persons (10 U.S.C. 505(a)), or appoint individuals seeking a commission in the ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF10782 |
Title
Updated September 26, 2024 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Oil and Gas Program: Provisions in P.L. 115-97, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), enacted in December 2017, included provisions establishing an oil and gas program in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or the Refuge). Under this program, the Department of the Interior (DOI) awarded oil and gas ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. R42812 |
Title
National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options Updated September 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42812 SUMMARY National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options The National Statuary Hall Collection, located in the U.S. Capitol, comprises 100 statues provided by individual states to honor persons notable for their ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. R43419 |
Title
NASA Appropriations and Authorizations: Fact Sheet Updated September 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43419 NASA Appropriations and Authorizations: Fact Sheet Overview Congressional deliberations about the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) often focus on the availability of funding. This fact sheet provides data on past and current NASA ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF12587 |
Title
Updated September 26, 2024 Iran-Supported Groups in the Middle East and U.S. Policy Iran has long backed a network of armed groups in the Middle East to advance its regional interests. These groups, which include U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) and which sometimes style themselves the Axis of Resistance, have conducted attacks on U.S., Israeli, and other targets for years. ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R48078 |
Title
Credible Fear and Defensive Asylum Processes: Frequently Asked Questions Updated September 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48078 SUMMARY Credible Fear and Defensive Asylum Processes: Frequently Asked Questions Non-U.S. nationals (aliens under federal statute and regulation) subject to removal from the United States may seek asylum and other forms of ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R43543 |
Title
Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43543 Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs Summary The Navy is procuring two types of larger amphibious ships: LHA-type big-deck amphibious assault ships and LPD-17 Flight II class amphibious ships. ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12222 |
Title
INSIGHTi Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments Updated September 25, 2024 No federal statute or regulation specifically addresses artificial intelligence (AI) in political campaigns. The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) and Federal Election Commission (FEC) regulations govern conduct that calls for election or defeat of federal candidates or solicits ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R47693 |
Title
Government Shutdowns and Executive Branch Operations: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Updated September 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47693 Government Shutdowns and Executive Branch Operations: Frequently Asked Questions Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R46872 |
Title
Federal Support for School Safety and Security Updated September 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46872 SUMMARY Federal Support for School Safety and Security In the United States, more than 68 million students are enrolled in public elementary and secondary (K-12) schools or degree-granting postsecondary institutions. School and campus safety and security ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R46499 |
Title
The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System and Selected Policy Issues Updated September 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46499 SUMMARY The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System and Selected Policy Issues The Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 (FHLB Act; P.L. 72-304, 47 Stat. 128) created the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system, which was established to address ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF11999 |
Title
Updated September 24, 2024 AUKUS Nuclear Cooperation On August 7, 2024, President Joseph Biden submitted to Congress an Agreement among the Government of Australia, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Government of the United States of America for Cooperation Related to Naval Nuclear Propulsion. This In Focus explains the agreement s substance, as ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12719 |
Title
Updated September 24, 2024 Smithsonian Institution: Selected Legislation, 118th Congress The Smithsonian Institution is a complex of museum, education, research, and revenue-generating entities primarily located in the Washington, DC, region, with additional facilities and activities across the United States and world. The Smithsonian oversees entities created by Congress, as well as entities it ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF10359 |
Title
Updated September 24, 2024 Pakistan s Domestic Political Setting Overview Historically, constitutionalism and parliamentary democracy have fared poorly in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, marked by power struggles among presidents, prime ministers (PMs), and army chiefs. Congress has taken an interest in efforts to strengthen civilian rule and improve governance in the nuclear-armed state. In the ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12773 |
Title
September 24, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Infrastructure Funding The Department of Defense (DOD) maintains military infrastructure to support military missions around the world. This infrastructure includes buildings, roads, airfields, ports, training ranges, barracks, utilities, piers, pipelines, and other structures. Congress provides two primary funding sources to support military ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF11604 |
Title
Updated September 24, 2024 Reliance on Treasury Department and IRS Tax Guidance The Department of the Treasury (Treasury) and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) use several forms of guidance to help taxpayers understand the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) and to inform taxpayers of Treasury and the IRS s position on particular tax issues. For the most part, this tax guidance can be split into three ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48107 |
Title
Selected Tribal Lands in 118th Congressional Districts September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48107 SUMMARY Selected Tribal Lands in 118th Congressional Districts The United States has a federal trust responsibility to 574 federally recognized Tribes ( Tribes ), which includes a responsibility to manage certain tribal lands and assets. The federal trust ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. RS20844 |
Title
Temporary Protected Status and Deferred Enforced Departure Updated September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20844 SUMMARY Temporary Protected Status and Deferred Enforced Departure RS20844 September 23, 2024 Jill H. Wilson Analyst in Immigration When civil unrest, violence, or natural disasters erupt in countries around the world, Policy concerns arise ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R47751 |
Title
The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47751 SUMMARY The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress The U.S. defense industrial base (DIB) is the network of organizations, facilities, and resources that provides the U.S. government particularly the ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R47743 |
Title
Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2024 Appropriations: Overview Updated September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47743 SUMMARY Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2024 Appropriations: Overview The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48191 |
Title
Connecting Constituents to Health Information and Services: Resources for Congressional Offices September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48191 SUMMARY Connecting Constituents to Health Information and Services: Resources for Congressional Offices As part of their representational activities, Members of Congress and their staffs provide a range of ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R47716 |
Title
Current Federal Civilian Employment by State and Congressional District Updated September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47716 SUMMARY Current Federal Civilian Employment by State and Congressional District The federal government employs more than 2 million civilians who live and work in every state and U.S. territory. This report provides a snapshot of ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48129 |
Title
U.S. Secret Service Protection Mission Funding and Staffing: Fact Sheet Updated September 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48129 SUMMARY U.S. Secret Service Protection Mission Funding and Staffing: Fact Sheet Members of Congress periodically focus on the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) and its protection mission. The USSS has been protecting Presidents, other ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12771 |
Title
September 23, 2024 Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft (FLRAA) Background The U.S. Army is developing the Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft (FLRAA) to serve as a next-generation aircraft for vertical lift, air assault, maritime interdiction, aeromedical evacuation, combat search and rescue, humanitarian relief, and tactical resupply. The Army intends for FLRAA to eventually replace the Sikorsky ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12427 |
Title
INSIGHTi Why Is the Federal Reserve Reducing Interest Rates? September 23, 2024 On September 18, 2024, the Federal Reserve (Fed) reduced interest rates to a target range of 4.75%-5%. This was the first rate cut since March 2020, and the Fed expects to continue cutting rates this year and beyond. Why is the Fed cutting interest rates? And why did it decide to reduce rates by 0.5 percentage points ( ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF11937 |
Title
Updated September 23, 2024 Commemorative Works Act: Siting Memorials in the District of Columbia In 1986, Congress enacted the Commemorative Works Act (CWA) to guide the authorization, design, and placement of memorials in Washington, DC, on property administered by the National Park Service (NPS) or the General Services Administration (GSA). As amended, the CWA (40 U.S.C. 8901-8909) requires ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF11397 |
Title
Updated September 23, 2024 Social Security Benefit Taxation Highlights Taxpayers filing as single with provisional income less At a Glance In August 2024, the Social Security system provided over $121.4 billion in monthly benefits to almost 68.1 million retired or disabled workers and their spouses, survivors, and dependents. Since 1984, beneficiaries with income above certain statutory thresholds ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10799 |
Title
Updated September 23, 2024 Prospects for U.S.-Saudi Nuclear Energy Cooperation Overview The 118th Congress may engage the Biden Administration with regard to U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia s National Project for Atomic Energy and the potential for future U.S.Saudi nuclear energy cooperation. In May 2022, Saudi Arabia invited technical bids related to the planned construction of two nuclear ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2024 |
Report No. R45325 |
Title
Military Survivor Benefit Plan: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45325 SUMMARY Military Survivor Benefit Plan: Background and Issues for Congress The Department of Defense s Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP), enacted in 1972, provides cash benefits in the form of a lifetime annuity to a surviving spouse or other ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF10703 |
Title
Updated September 20, 2024 Lebanese Hezbollah Hezbollah ( Party of God, also spelled Hizballah) is an Iran-backed Lebanese Shia militia and U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). Hezbollah is an Iranian partner force, helping Tehran project power across the region, train allied militias (reportedly including Hamas), and threaten U.S. interests and allies across the region. Formed in ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF12006 |
Title
Updated September 20, 2024 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Status of Oil and Gas Program The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or the Refuge) comprises 19 million acres in northeast Alaska, administered primarily by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in the Department of the Interior. ANWR s Coastal Plain a 1.57-million-acre area in the northern part of the Refuge (Figure 1) is viewed as an ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2024 |
Report No. R48190 |
Title
SBA s 8(a) Business Development Program: Structure and Current Issues September 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48190 SUMMARY SBA s 8(a) Business Development Program: Structure and Current Issues To address discriminatory barriers in federal procurement markets for certain business owners, Congress has sought to help small socially and economically ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IF12713 |
Title
Updated September 19, 2024 National Park Service: FY2025 Appropriations The National Park Service (NPS) administers the National Park System, which includes 431 units valued for their natural, cultural, and recreational importance. System lands cover 81 million federal acres and 4 million nonfederal acres. As part of the Department of the Interior (DOI), NPS receives funding in annual ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IF12768 |
Title
September 19, 2024 Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM; Figure 1) is a systems-level management approach for living marine resources (LMRs) that accounts for an ecosystem s physical, biological, economic, and social components. This approach to fisheries management aims to maintain ecosystems and their dependent fisheries in healthy, productive, and ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12424 |
Title
INSIGHTi Supporting America s Children and Families Act (H.R. 9076) September 19, 2024 On September 18, 2024, the House passed the Supporting America s Children and Families Act (H.R. 9076, as amended), 405-10. The House-passed bill incorporates the texts of two bills as unanimously approved by the House Ways and Means Committee in July: the Protecting America s Children by Strengthening Families ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12426 |
Title
INSIGHTi Trends in CDBG Program Funding and Grantee Participation September 19, 2024 The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program was established under the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, P.L. 93-383. Administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the CDBG program provides flexible federal funding to states, localities, and insular areas for ...
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