|
Date ↓
|
Report No.
|
Title |
| Date Oct. 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF12058 |
Title
Updated October 28, 2024 Cost-Benefit Analysis in Federal Agency Rulemaking Since the 1970s, federal agencies have been required to consider the costs and benefits of certain regulations that are expected to have large economic effects. Under current requirements, most agencies are to design regulations in a cost-effective manner and ensure that the benefits of their regulations justify the costs. ...
|
| Date Oct. 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF12728 |
Title
Updated October 28, 2024 Taxation of Tip Income Federal law generally requires workers to pay individual income taxes and the payroll taxes on their tip income, as on other compensation. Lawmakers have introduced several bills in recent years to exclude tip income from the individual income tax, and in some cases, from payroll taxes. This In Focus explores the tax treatment of tips and the ...
|
| Date Oct. 28, 2024 |
Report No. IG10067 |
Title
Federal Civilian Workforce Characteristics October 28, 2024 Author Information Barbara L. Schwemle Analyst in American National Government Carol Wilson Senior Research Librarian Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R47588 |
Title
Landslides: Federal Role in Research, Assessment, and Response Updated October 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47588 SUMMARY Landslides: Federal Role in Research, Assessment, and Response R47588 October 25, 2024 Linda R. Rowan Analyst in Natural Landslide hazards may occur across the United States and its territories, and landslide Resources and Earth risks ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R42826 |
Title
The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR): Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42826 SUMMARY The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR): Answers to Frequently Asked Questions The U.S. government is the largest buyer of goods and services in the world, and executive branch agencies led by the Department of ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R47272 |
Title
National Disability Employment Awareness Month: Fact Sheet Updated October 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47272 National Disability Employment Awareness Month: Fact Sheet Introduction National Disability Employment Awareness Month is observed annually in October. It celebrates the contributions of people with disabilities to America s workplaces and the ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11241 |
Title
Legal Sidebari North Dakota v. United States: Litigating the FTCA s Discretionary Function Exception October 25, 2024 In July 2019, North Dakota filed suit against the United States under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). North Dakota claims damages stemming from the alleged failure of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to properly administer federal land during protests against the ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10404 |
Title
Updated October 25, 2024 Iraq The Republic of Iraq (Figure 1), with a substantial history of U.S. involvement, large energy resources, and a growing, diverse population, continues to experience security and political challenges that are further complicated by competition between outside powers, including neighboring Iran and the United States. U.S. military operations in Iraq from 2003 to 2011 ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12419 |
Title
INSIGHTi Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): Benefit Theft Through Electronic Benefit Card Skimming Updated October 25, 2024 SNAP provides federally funded benefits (not the same as cash) on Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) cards to eligible households to purchase eligible food items from authorized retailers. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 (P.L. 117-328, Division HH, ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12797 |
Title
October 25, 2024 Defense Primer: Categories of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Background The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) develops, acquires, and fields uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS, commonly known as drones) of varying sizes and capabilities. DOD has organized uncrewed DOD uses the terms uncrewed and unmanned interchangeably aircraft into different categories of aircraft to facilitate a common ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF11556 |
Title
Updated October 25, 2024 Libya and U.S. Policy Over a decade after a 2011 uprising and U.S.-backed military intervention that toppled longtime authoritarian leader Muammar al Qadhafi, Libya has yet to make a transition to stable governing arrangements. Elections and diplomacy have produced a series of interim governments, but militias, local leaders, and subnational coalitions backed by competing ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12796 |
Title
October 25, 2024 Novel Gene Therapies for Blood Disorders During the past few years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved gene therapy products designed to treat blood disorders. Gene therapy works by modifying a person s genes to treat or prevent diseases. While the potential of gene therapy products to treat certain diseases has been established, their long-term risks are ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12770 |
Title
Updated October 25, 2024 Israel and Lebanese Hezbollah: Conflict and Escalation A day after Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, or FTO) led October 7, 2023, attacks against Israel that began their ongoing war, Lebanese Hezbollah (another FTO) started shooting rockets and missiles across Lebanon s border into Israel in a show of solidarity with Hamas. Subsequently, Hezbollah ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12795 |
Title
October 25, 2024 How Can Anchor Institutions Affect Economic Development? In many urban locations, so-called anchor institutions primarily entities such as hospitals and other medical centers, colleges and universities, cultural organizations, large non-profits, and, in some cases, for-profit companies are major employers and generate significant economic activity. For example, a 2009 report ...
|
| Date Oct. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10165 |
Title
Updated October 25, 2024 South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations Overview South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) is one of the United States most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. The U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, signed in 1953 at the end of the Korean War, commits the United States to help South Korea defend itself, particularly from North Korea (officially ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R48249 |
Title
What Is Affirmative Asylum? October 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48249 SUMMARY What Is Affirmative Asylum? Foreign nationals in the United States who are not in removal proceedings may apply to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security s (DHS s) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for affirmative asylum. By contrast, persons in removal ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R48245 |
Title
The Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) October 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48245 SUMMARY The Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) R48245 October 24, 2024 Christine Whitt Analyst Agricultural Policy Farming and ranching are inherently risky. Some of the risks (e.g., production loss or quality damage) can come from natural ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R48242 |
Title
Legislative Proposals to Change the Geographic Boundaries of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: Historical Overview and Analysis October 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48242 SUMMARY Legislative Proposals to Change the Geographic Boundaries of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: Historical Overview and Analysis R48242 October 24, ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. R47657 |
Title
Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Nuclear Weapons Activities: In Brief Updated October 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47657 Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Nuclear Weapons Activities: In Brief Contents Introduction ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11197 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Corner Post and the Statute of Limitations for Administrative Procedure Act Claims Updated October 24, 2024 On July 1, 2024, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, addressing when a plaintiff may bring a facial challenge to a final agency action under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). Under 28 U.S.C. 2401 ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12581 |
Title
Updated October 24, 2024 Yemen: Conflict, Red Sea Attacks, and U.S. Policy Yemen is a conflict-afflicted nation along the strategic Bab al Mandab Strait, one of the world s most active shipping lanes. Since 2015, a civil war has pitted the Iran-backed Houthi movement against Yemen s internationally recognized government, its backers, and other anti-Houthi forces. Foreign intervention complicates ...
|
| Date Oct. 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11240 |
Title
Legal Sidebari A Corporation s Obligation to Redeem Shares Is Not Necessarily a Liability That Reduces the Corporation s Value for Estate Tax Purposes October 24, 2024 On June 6, 2024, the Supreme Court unanimously held in Connelly v. United States that a family-owned corporation s contractual obligation to purchase, or redeem, a deceased owner s shares (redemption obligation) is not necessarily a ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R46943 |
Title
Voter Registration Records and List Maintenance for Federal Elections Updated October 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46943 SUMMARY Voter Registration Records and List Maintenance for Federal Elections R46943 October 23, 2024 Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in American Each state except North Dakota requires voter registration as a prerequisite for voting in ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12790 |
Title
October 23, 2024 Congressional Direction of Military Infrastructure Funding Congress has a variety of legislative and budgetary options for directing U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) infrastructure spending. During the past 10 years, Congress has used statutory provisions to direct infrastructure spending to support construction or renovation of DOD research laboratories, child development centers ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12107 |
Title
INSIGHTi Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary Updated October 23, 2024 To date, Congress has appropriated $174.2 billion in emergency supplemental funding in response to Russia s 2022 renewed invasion of Ukraine. Of this amount, $110.7 billion (64%) was provided for the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and certain other defense-related activities. The Biden ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12450 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Selective Service Registration Proposals October 23, 2024 Background In deliberations around a National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (FY2025 NDAA), Congress is considering changes to Selective Service registration and associated penalties for failure to register (see Table 1). The Military Selective Service Act (MSSA; 50 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.) provides ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48244 |
Title
Safe Driver Apprenticeship Pilot Program: In Brief October 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48244 SUMMARY Safe Driver Apprenticeship Pilot Program: In Brief R48244 October 23, 2024 Jennifer J. Marshall Analyst in Transportation The Department of Transportation s (DOT s) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Policy (FMCSA) develops and issues standards ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12792 |
Title
October 23, 2024 Is U.S. Entrepreneurship Declining? Researchers note that entrepreneurship has typically been defined as an action, process, or activity that involves the startup and growth of a new enterprise. Much research and data over the past two decades points to a decades-long slowdown in multiple measures of entrepreneurship. While the various causes cited include factors such as ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12793 |
Title
October 23, 2024 Federal Assistance for State and Local Entrepreneurship Development Policies and Recent Legislation Entrepreneurship is often considered an engine of economic growth. Congress has authorized over 10 federal agencies to administer a number of programs to address common challenges faced by entrepreneurs. This In Focus summarizes how select federal policies may help entrepreneurship ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF11732 |
Title
Updated October 23, 2024 U.S. Secret Service: Threats to and Assaults on Sitting Presidents and Vice Presidents Overview Protected Individuals and Facilities USSS has two mandated missions: (1) criminal investigations, and (2) protection of persons and facilities. Criminal investigations focus primarily on financial crimes, whereas protection focuses on the safety and security of specific ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10238 |
Title
Updated October 23, 2024 Cambodia Overview: U.S.-Cambodia Relations U.S.-Cambodia relations have become strained during the past decade, after former Prime Minister Hun Sen banned the main opposition party in 2017 and as Cambodia s relationship with the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) has grown closer. The U.S. government has sought to remain engaged with Cambodia while calling on the ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10247 |
Title
Updated October 23, 2024 Indonesia Overview With over 280 million citizens, Indonesia is the most populous country in Southeast Asia, the world s most populous Muslim-majority nation, and the world s thirdlargest democracy (after India and the United States). It has the world s 16th-largest economy the 7th-largest when ranked by purchasing power parity. It straddles vital sea lanes and borders the ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12794 |
Title
October 23, 2024 The Role of Business Incubators and Accelerators in Entrepreneurship Support Business incubators and accelerators are entrepreneurship support programs designed to help startup businesses develop and grow. Incubators and accelerators are operated by a variety of entities, including for-profit businesses, institutions of higher education, and local governments. Depending on ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12791 |
Title
October 23, 2024 The 2024 Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization Act of 2024 (P.L. 118-63) was signed into law on May 16, 2024. The act provides key civil aviation authorizations, including Airport and Airway Trust Fund revenue collection authority, airport grant obligation authority, and certain other FAA expenditure authorities, ...
|
| Date Oct. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12549 |
Title
Updated October 23, 2024 Hamas: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy Hamas (or the Islamic Resistance Movement) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist military and sociopolitical movement, and a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization (FTO). Hamas s primary base of action and support is in the Gaza Strip, which it has controlled since 2007. It also operates in the West Bank and Lebanon, and ...
|
| Date Oct. 22, 2024 |
Report No. R45248 |
Title
The Congressional Review Act: Determining Which Rules Must Be Submitted to Congress Updated October 22, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45248 SUMMARY The Congressional Review Act: Determining Which Rules Must Be Submitted to Congress The Congressional Review Act (CRA) is a tool Congress can use to review federal agency actions that fall under the statutory ...
|
| Date Oct. 22, 2024 |
Report No. IN11980 |
Title
INSIGHTi Offshore Wind Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act Updated October 22, 2024 P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), addressed U.S. offshore wind development with provisions on leasing, transmission planning, and tax credits. Congress and the Administration have undertaken multiple activities in response to these provisions. Offshore Wind Leasing ...
|
| Date Oct. 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12789 |
Title
October 22, 2024 Key Issues in Tax Policy: The Mortgage Interest Deduction The mortgage interest deduction is of interest to policymakers due to its association with homeownership. The mortgage interest deduction is also of interest because it is one of the largest tax benefits available to homeowners in terms of forgone federal tax revenue. For FY2024, the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) ...
|
| Date Oct. 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11338 |
Title
Updated October 22, 2024 Diplomatic Security, Embassy Construction, and the Role of Congress As the executive branch s lead foreign affairs agency, the U.S. Department of State (DOS) plans, constructs, and manages U.S. embassies, consulates, and other overseas posts and provides for the security of such posts and U.S. personnel who occupy them. DOS s Bureaus of Diplomatic Security (DS) and ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. R47603 |
Title
War Powers Resolution: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate Updated October 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47603 SUMMARY War Powers Resolution: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate R47603 October 21, 2024 Michael Greene Analyst on Congress and The War Powers Resolution (WPR), first adopted in 1973 over the veto of President Richard the ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12447 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 Budget Request: Department of Defense-Military (Subfunction 051) October 21, 2024 On March 11, 2024, the Biden Administration released an FY2025 budget requesting a total of $7.5 trillion in budget authority. Of this total, $850 billion (11.35%) covered discretionary spending for Department of Defense (DOD) military programs (Budget Subfunction 051) and $22 billion covered ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. R48243 |
Title
Recouping Federal Grant Awards: How and Why Grant Funds Are Clawed Back October 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48243 SUMMARY Recouping Federal Grant Awards: How and Why Grant Funds Are Clawed Back Since 2020, Congress has provided unprecedented levels of funding to federal grant programs. For instance, according to the Pandemic Recovery Accountability ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12035 |
Title
INSIGHTi Voter Registration: Overview of Federal Involvement and Policy Considerations Updated October 21, 2024 Voter registration policies are largely determined by state and local governments, subject to certain federal requirements, many of which are found in the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) and the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA). For most Americans, registering to vote ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12449 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Active Component EndStrength October 21, 2024 Background Under10 U.S.C. 115(f), Congress sets the maximum size of the active component of the Armed Forces each year, typically in the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). The active component comprises the full-time personnel of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and Space Force. Congress also appropriates funds ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF11140 |
Title
Updated October 21, 2024 Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Overview of Structure and Activities Federal regional commissions and authorities address perceived regional economic underdevelopment. These organizations generally accommodate multileveled and multijurisdictional participation and implementation, which Congress could utilize to address growing interest in broadbased and ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12448 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Reserve Component EndStrength October 21, 2024 Background Under 10 U.S.C. 115(a), Congress sets the maximum size (i.e., end-strength) of the active and reserve components of the Armed Forces annually, typically in a National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). Congress is also responsible for appropriating funds for the pay and benefits of these personnel. Endstrength ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12787 |
Title
October 21, 2024 Standardizing Federal Data: Categorizing Approaches Congress has at times enacted laws that specifically require federal agencies to use data standards, which establish rules to enhance the usability of data. This In Focus provides an overview of three topics related to data standards in the federal context: (1) their role in federal data management, (2) the terminology ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12150 |
Title
Updated October 21, 2024 Ukrainian Military Performance and Outlook Since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) have been increasingly challenged to defend against Russian advances, given ongoing disadvantages in personnel and a less developed defense industry. The UAF has demonstrated flexibility over the course of the conflict to ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12788 |
Title
October 21, 2024 The Public Policy Doctrine and 501(c)(3) Organizations The Supreme Court first applied the public policy doctrine to organizations exempt under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 501(c)(3) in a pair of cases, Bob Jones University v. United States and Goldsboro Christian Schools, Inc. v. United States, 461 U.S. 574 (1983) (collectively Bob Jones). In Bob Jones, the Court ...
|
| Date Oct. 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12743 |
Title
Updated October 21, 2024 Bolivia: Country Overview and U.S. Relations Bolivia is a landlocked country of about 12.3 million people in the Andean region of South America. Bolivia s political system has been marked by instability for much of the country s history. Political turbulence and polarization have continued under current President Luis Arce, elected in October 2020 after the resignation of ...
|
