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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12442 |
Title
INSIGHTi Elections and Hurricanes Helene and Milton October 11, 2024 Introduction In September and October 2024, Hurricanes Helene and Milton disrupted voter registration, early voting activities, and preparations for the November 5 general election throughout parts of the southeastern United States. As another CRS product discusses, the United States has a long history of natural disasters and ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12441 |
Title
INSIGHTi FDA Regulation of Tampons October 11, 2024 An August 2024 study led by researchers at Columbia University evaluated the concentration of 16 different metals in multiple brands of tampons and reported detecting measurable concentrations of all 16 metals. The authors concluded that using tampons may be a potential source of metal exposure, although the study did not evaluate if the metals ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. RL32418 |
Title
Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine (Pillar 1) Project: Background and Issues for Congress October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32418 Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine Project Summary Virginia-class submarine program. The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines ( ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R47682 |
Title
Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47682 SUMMARY Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program R47682 October 10, 2024 Hannah-Alise Rogers Legislative Attorney Congress created the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program (the program) through the ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10571 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces Overview The Army is the U.S. military s primary ground force. Title 10, Subtitle B, Part I, Chapter 307 of the U.S. Code addresses the organization of the Army. The Marine Corps serves as the Navy s ground-focused fighting force. Title 10, Subtitle C, Part I, Chapter 507, Section 5063 addresses Marine Corps composition ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. 94-834 |
Title
Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 94-834 Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities Summary Cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) and the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) are based on the rate of inflation as ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10544 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure Overview Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution stipulates, The Congress shall have power ... to raise and support Armies ... make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces ... for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10545 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces Overview Special Operations Forces (SOF) are those active duty and reserve component forces of the military services designated by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) and specifically selected, organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Special operations frequently require unique modes of employment, ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12781 |
Title
October 10, 2024 Presidential Legacies: Libraries and Museums At the conclusion of a presidency, former Presidents and their supporters may seek to construct facilities to commemorate their terms of office and house presidential materials. In 1955, Congress enacted the Presidential Libraries Act (PLA; P.L. 84-373) to create a system of privately erected and federally maintained libraries to house ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R48024 |
Title
Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48024 SUMMARY Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff This report is designed to introduce congressional staff to examples of legal and nonlegal sources, including statutes, legislation, and dictionaries, for researching legal ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12782 |
Title
October 10, 2024 Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2025 Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation s ocean energy resources on almost 2.5 billion acres of the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development, the Bureau of Safety and ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12606 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Russian Military Performance and Outlook Despite advantages of a larger recruitment base and defense industrial capacity, the Russian military has been unable to decisively defeat the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) since Russia s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The Russian military has suffered significant losses in personnel and equipment. Its performance arguably has ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. R43637 |
Title
Social Security: The Lump-Sum Death Benefit Updated October 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43637 Social Security: The Lump-Sum Death Benefit Summary When a Social Security insured worker dies, the surviving spouse who was living with the deceased is entitled to a one-time lump-sum death benefit of $255. If they were living apart, the surviving spouse can ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. R47439 |
Title
Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration Updated October 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47439 SUMMARY Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration R47439 October 9, 2024 Shawn Reese Analyst in Emergency Management and ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF10675 |
Title
Updated October 9, 2024 Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) What Is Security Force Assistance (SFA)? Security Force Assistance (SFA) is defined as unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host-nation, or regional security forces in support of a legitimate authority. By definition security forces include not only military forces, but also police, border forces, and other ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF12780 |
Title
October 9, 2024 Federal Student Aid Authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act Federal financial assistance for students pursuing postsecondary education is primarily provided through Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA). The general intent for such aid is to assist in making the benefits of higher education available to students by increasing access and completion. Figure 1 shows ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IN11748 |
Title
INSIGHTi Overview of Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Access to Taxpayer Data and Recent Legislation (Title II of H.R. 9076) Updated October 9, 2024 In the 118th Congress, Congress has been considering legislation seeking to provide tribal Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs with access to federal tax information comparable to that of state and local CSE programs. This legislation also would ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R46300 |
Title
Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: National Security and Tourism Considerations Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46300 SUMMARY Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: National Security and Tourism Considerations The Visa Waiver Program (VWP), which allows citizens of certain countries to visit the United States for up to three ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R42972 |
Title
Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42972 Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions Contents What Is a Sequester? ................................................................................................................. 1 What Is the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R46117 |
Title
Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants: A Primer Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46117 SUMMARY Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants: A Primer The Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant program is intended to encourage individuals ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12436 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Military Child Care Proposals October 8, 2024 In 2023, the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) established a Quality of Life (QoL) Panel to develop proposals for a National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (FY2025 NDAA). On April 8, 2024, the QoL Panel released its final report. Several of the report s recommendations related to military child care were ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12437 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2023 Premium Tax Credit Tool: An Interactive Tool for Congressional Users October 8, 2024 This Insight accompanies the 2023 Premium Tax Credit Tool, a Microsoft Excel file that congressional users can download from CRS.gov. The tool was designed to assist Congress in evaluating policy considerations in advance of the expiration of certain premium tax credit (PTC) provisions at the end of ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48215 |
Title
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Frequently Asked Questions October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48215 SUMMARY Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Frequently Asked Questions Over the past two decades, successive U.S. Administrations and Congresses have recognized that illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48216 |
Title
Credit Card Swipe Fees and Routing Restrictions October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48216 SUMMARY Credit Card Swipe Fees and Routing Restrictions The basic structure of a credit payment involves a customer, the customer s bank (called the issuing bank), a card payment network, the merchant, the merchant s bank (called the acquiring bank), and possibly ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12265 |
Title
Updated October 8, 2024 China Primer: Human Rights Overview The nongovernmental human rights organization Freedom House describes China s party-state as an authoritarian regime that has become increasingly repressive in recent years. Some analysts argue China has moved in a totalitarian direction. The party-state is dominated by one person, Xi Jinping, who became Communist Party of China (CPC) ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. 98-808 |
Title
False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-808 False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes providing the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN10784 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority Updated October 8, 2024 This Insight evaluates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) borrowing authority to receive loans from the Treasury and the current financial situation of the NFIP. NFIP Funding Funding for the NFIP is primarily maintained in an authorized account called the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF). The NFIP is ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. 98-807 |
Title
False Statements and Perjury: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-807 False Statements and Perjury: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12779 |
Title
October 8, 2024 Restoration of Cell Phone Services: Hurricane Helene On September 26, 2024, Hurricane Helene made landfall near Perry, Florida. The hurricane caused flooding and damage to personal property and critical infrastructure, including roads, power, and communication networks. The storm s damage spread across parts of Florida, Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia. ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IG10065 |
Title
Bureau of Reclamation Central Valley Project: Infrastructure and Water Deliveries October 8, 2024 Author Information Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R44593 |
Title
Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44593 Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Summary The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (NFIA; 42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and was most recently reauthorized to ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48214 |
Title
Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83) October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48214 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83) On September 26, 2024, the President signed H.R. 9747 the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 into law as P.L. 118-83. Division A of the ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R42567 |
Title
Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42567 Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Coast Guard s program of record (POR), which dates to 2004, calls for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and up to ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF10585 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 The Federal Land Management Agencies The Property Clause in the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 3, clause 2) provides Congress the authority to acquire, dispose of, and manage federal property. Currently, approximately 640 million acres of surface land are managed by the federal government, accounting for nearly 28% of the 2.3 billion acres of land (excluding inland ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12778 |
Title
October 7, 2024 Recreation.gov: Overview and Issues for Congress For many people looking to experience the country s federal lands and waters, their trip begins with a visit to Recreation.gov. Recreation.gov is a cloud-based website that offers federal recreation information, trip planning services, and reservation booking to the public for roughly 4,000 federal recreation areas and more than 120, ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. RS21048 |
Title
U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21048 U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress Summary Special Operations Forces (SOF) play a significant role in U.S. military operations. In 1986, Congress, concerned about the status of ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IN12439 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sri Lanka s Watershed Election October 7, 2024 Anura Kumara Dissanayake, popularly known as AKD, was sworn in as Sri Lanka s ninth executive president on September 23. He is Sri Lanka s first president not associated with one of the country s two dominant parties or their offshoots. The election was conducted peacefully, and an international election monitoring group called the polls ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11239 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Equal Time Rule for Political Candidates: Constitutional Context October 7, 2024 On July 23, 2024, two days after announcing that he would exit the 2024 presidential race, President Joe Biden wrote on social media that he would address the country on what lies ahead. In advance of this address, news organizations reported that President Donald Trump s campaign had sent a letter ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11672 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 Coast Guard Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Introduction The Coast Guard s Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) program envisages procuring 30 replacements for the Coast Guard s 35 aging river buoy tenders (WLRs), inland construction tenders (WLICs), and inland buoy tenders (WLIs). The Coast Guard wants to have the first new WCC be in ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12149 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 The Small Business Administration s State Trade Expansion Program American small businesses regularly export to international markets, contributing to both domestic and global economies by trading with approximately 95% of the world population living outside the United States. But due to factors such as lack of experience or resources, some small businesses may encounter ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R46785 |
Title
Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46785 SUMMARY Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions Federal support for reproductive health services preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services related to reproductive systems, functions, and ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48209 |
Title
A Binding Debt Limit: Background and Possible Consequences October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48209 SUMMARY A Binding Debt Limit: Background and Possible Consequences In September 2024, gross federal debt was about $35.3 trillion. Debt limit episodes have been a recurring feature of federal fiscal policy since 2001, when federal budget deficits returned ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48213 |
Title
Marketing and Pricing in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48213 SUMMARY Marketing and Pricing in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry R48213 October 4, 2024 Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Pandemic-era supply chain disruptions and higher input and operating costs have contributed to Policy increased ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47828 |
Title
Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress Updated October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47828 SUMMARY Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress R47828 October 4, 2024 Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Since October 7, 2023, Israel has been at war with the Palestinian Sunni ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12412 |
Title
INSIGHTi Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024: Electricity Provisions Updated October 4, 2024 On July 22, 2024, the chair and ranking member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee released draft text for a permitting reform bill; the next day, S. 4753 the Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024 was introduced. The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee ordered reported an amended ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48211 |
Title
Deferred Maintenance and Repair at Civilian Agencies: Causes, Risks, and Policy Options October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48211 SUMMARY Deferred Maintenance and Repair at Civilian Agencies: Causes, Risks, and Policy Options R48211 October 4, 2024 Garrett Hatch Specialist in American Federal civilian agencies own more than 285,000 buildings and ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12440 |
Title
INSIGHTi District Court Ruling on DOT Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program October 4, 2024 Awarding a preliminary injunction, a federal district court ruled in Mid-America Milling Company v. United States Department of Transportation that the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program may no longer operate under existing program regulations in the ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48212 |
Title
Hurricane Rapid Intensification: In Brief October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48212 Hurricane Rapid Intensification: In Brief Contents Rapid Intensification and Coastal Communities ............................................................................. 1 Forecasting, Trends, and Projections ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11238 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Circuit Splits from September 2024 October 4, 2024 The U.S. Courts of Appeals for the 13 circuits issue thousands of precedential decisions each year. Because relatively few of these decisions are ultimately reviewed by the Supreme Court, the U.S. Courts of Appeals are often the last word on consequential legal questions. The federal appellate courts ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R43792 |
Title
State Minimum Wages: An Overview Updated October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43792 State Minimum Wages: An Overview Summary The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal law that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered, nonexempt workers employed in a state or territory of the United States. While the ...
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