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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF11362 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Defense Primer: Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery (ANC) is a military cemetery administered by the Office of Army Cemeteries. Located in Arlington County, Virginia, the cemetery was created in 1864 during the Civil War from 200 acres of plantation land that once belonged to George Washington Parke Custis, step-grandson of the first U.S. President. ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R45938 |
Title
Nonimmigrant and Immigrant Visa Categories: Data Brief Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45938 Nonimmigrant and Immigrant Visa Categories: Data Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Tables Table 1. Nonimmigrant Visas, ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R47905 |
Title
A Stronger Workforce for America Act (H.R. 6655): In Brief Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47905 A Stronger Workforce for America Act (H.R. 6655): In Brief Contents Overview of WIOA and Current Status ........................................................................................... 1 Major Elements of H.R. ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF10880 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Chile: An Overview Chile, located along the Pacific coast of South America, traditionally has been one of the United States closest partners in Latin America. During the 118th Congress, the Senate consented to a tax treaty with Chile and some Members have assessed options for strengthening commercial and security ties while addressing emerging opportunities and challenges ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12176 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 The Small Business Administration s Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs To help address the needs of America s smallest businesses, the Small Business Administration (SBA) operates the Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs (PRIME). While 97% of all American employer firms meet the SBA s definition of a small business, some may have hundreds of employees or ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12650 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Offshore Wind: The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management s Engagement with Federally Recognized Tribes The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), within the Department of the Interior (DOI), administers offshore wind leasing on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). Among its responsibilities, BOEM engages with federally recognized Tribes (hereinafter Tribes) at multiple ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF11400 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Presidential Authority to Address Tariff Barriers in Trade Agreements The U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate trade with foreign nations and to lay and collect duties. Since the 1930s, Congress has periodically authorized the President to negotiate trade agreements and, among other actions, proclaim changes to U.S. tariff rates known as Trade Promotion ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12310 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 The Small Business Administration s Growth Accelerator Fund Competition Small businesses and startups sometimes benefit from assistance growing their companies, including opportunities to raise capital, mentorship, and commercialization help. Accelerators organizations often operated by experienced businesspeople provide technical assistance and other services to new ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12438 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hurricane Milton Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources Updated October 13, 2024 Introduction On October 9, 2024, Hurricane Milton made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Florida s Tampa Bay area bringing heavy rain, storm surge, and floods to many counties on the coast and in the interior of the state. Some areas in the state are still actively recovering from ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. R48224 |
Title
Social Security Benefits and Price Indexing: Analysis of Selected Policy Options October 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48224 SUMMARY Social Security Benefits and Price Indexing: Analysis of Selected Policy Options R48224 October 11, 2024 Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy Under current law, Social Security benefits are indexed in two ways. For ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12442 |
Title
INSIGHTi Elections and Hurricanes Helene and Milton October 11, 2024 Introduction In September and October 2024, Hurricanes Helene and Milton disrupted voter registration, early voting activities, and preparations for the November 5 general election throughout parts of the southeastern United States. As another CRS product discusses, the United States has a long history of natural disasters and ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12441 |
Title
INSIGHTi FDA Regulation of Tampons October 11, 2024 An August 2024 study led by researchers at Columbia University evaluated the concentration of 16 different metals in multiple brands of tampons and reported detecting measurable concentrations of all 16 metals. The authors concluded that using tampons may be a potential source of metal exposure, although the study did not evaluate if the metals ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. RL32418 |
Title
Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine (Pillar 1) Project: Background and Issues for Congress October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32418 Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine Project Summary Virginia-class submarine program. The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines ( ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R47682 |
Title
Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47682 SUMMARY Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program R47682 October 10, 2024 Hannah-Alise Rogers Legislative Attorney Congress created the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program (the program) through the ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10571 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces Overview The Army is the U.S. military s primary ground force. Title 10, Subtitle B, Part I, Chapter 307 of the U.S. Code addresses the organization of the Army. The Marine Corps serves as the Navy s ground-focused fighting force. Title 10, Subtitle C, Part I, Chapter 507, Section 5063 addresses Marine Corps composition ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. 94-834 |
Title
Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 94-834 Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities Summary Cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) and the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) are based on the rate of inflation as ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10544 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure Overview Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution stipulates, The Congress shall have power ... to raise and support Armies ... make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces ... for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10545 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces Overview Special Operations Forces (SOF) are those active duty and reserve component forces of the military services designated by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) and specifically selected, organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Special operations frequently require unique modes of employment, ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12781 |
Title
October 10, 2024 Presidential Legacies: Libraries and Museums At the conclusion of a presidency, former Presidents and their supporters may seek to construct facilities to commemorate their terms of office and house presidential materials. In 1955, Congress enacted the Presidential Libraries Act (PLA; P.L. 84-373) to create a system of privately erected and federally maintained libraries to house ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R48024 |
Title
Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48024 SUMMARY Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff This report is designed to introduce congressional staff to examples of legal and nonlegal sources, including statutes, legislation, and dictionaries, for researching legal ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12782 |
Title
October 10, 2024 Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2025 Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation s ocean energy resources on almost 2.5 billion acres of the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development, the Bureau of Safety and ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12606 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Russian Military Performance and Outlook Despite advantages of a larger recruitment base and defense industrial capacity, the Russian military has been unable to decisively defeat the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) since Russia s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The Russian military has suffered significant losses in personnel and equipment. Its performance arguably has ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. R47676 |
Title
Disaster Relief Fund State of Play: In Brief Updated October 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47676 Disaster Relief Fund State of Play: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 What Is the DRF Used For? ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. R43637 |
Title
Social Security: The Lump-Sum Death Benefit Updated October 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43637 Social Security: The Lump-Sum Death Benefit Summary When a Social Security insured worker dies, the surviving spouse who was living with the deceased is entitled to a one-time lump-sum death benefit of $255. If they were living apart, the surviving spouse can ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. R47439 |
Title
Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration Updated October 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47439 SUMMARY Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration R47439 October 9, 2024 Shawn Reese Analyst in Emergency Management and ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF10675 |
Title
Updated October 9, 2024 Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) What Is Security Force Assistance (SFA)? Security Force Assistance (SFA) is defined as unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host-nation, or regional security forces in support of a legitimate authority. By definition security forces include not only military forces, but also police, border forces, and other ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF12200 |
Title
Updated October 9, 2024 The U.S. Marine Corps Marine Littoral Regiment (MLR) Background MLR Employment On March 23, 2020, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) announced a major force design initiative planned to occur over 10 years originally referred to as Force Design 2030 but now known as Force Design. As part of this initiative, the Marines are redesigning forces to place a stronger emphasis on naval ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IN11748 |
Title
INSIGHTi Overview of Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Access to Taxpayer Data and Recent Legislation (Title II of H.R. 9076) Updated October 9, 2024 In the 118th Congress, Congress has been considering legislation seeking to provide tribal Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs with access to federal tax information comparable to that of state and local CSE programs. This legislation also would ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF12780 |
Title
October 9, 2024 Federal Student Aid Authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act Federal financial assistance for students pursuing postsecondary education is primarily provided through Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA). The general intent for such aid is to assist in making the benefits of higher education available to students by increasing access and completion. Figure 1 shows ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R46300 |
Title
Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: National Security and Tourism Considerations Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46300 SUMMARY Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: National Security and Tourism Considerations The Visa Waiver Program (VWP), which allows citizens of certain countries to visit the United States for up to three ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R42972 |
Title
Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42972 Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions Contents What Is a Sequester? ................................................................................................................. 1 What Is the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R46117 |
Title
Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants: A Primer Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46117 SUMMARY Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants: A Primer The Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant program is intended to encourage individuals ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12436 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Military Child Care Proposals October 8, 2024 In 2023, the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) established a Quality of Life (QoL) Panel to develop proposals for a National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (FY2025 NDAA). On April 8, 2024, the QoL Panel released its final report. Several of the report s recommendations related to military child care were ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12437 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2023 Premium Tax Credit Tool: An Interactive Tool for Congressional Users October 8, 2024 This Insight accompanies the 2023 Premium Tax Credit Tool, a Microsoft Excel file that congressional users can download from CRS.gov. The tool was designed to assist Congress in evaluating policy considerations in advance of the expiration of certain premium tax credit (PTC) provisions at the end of ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48215 |
Title
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Frequently Asked Questions October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48215 SUMMARY Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Frequently Asked Questions Over the past two decades, successive U.S. Administrations and Congresses have recognized that illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48216 |
Title
Credit Card Swipe Fees and Routing Restrictions October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48216 SUMMARY Credit Card Swipe Fees and Routing Restrictions The basic structure of a credit payment involves a customer, the customer s bank (called the issuing bank), a card payment network, the merchant, the merchant s bank (called the acquiring bank), and possibly ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12265 |
Title
Updated October 8, 2024 China Primer: Human Rights Overview The nongovernmental human rights organization Freedom House describes China s party-state as an authoritarian regime that has become increasingly repressive in recent years. Some analysts argue China has moved in a totalitarian direction. The party-state is dominated by one person, Xi Jinping, who became Communist Party of China (CPC) ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. 98-808 |
Title
False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-808 False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes providing the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN10784 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority Updated October 8, 2024 This Insight evaluates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) borrowing authority to receive loans from the Treasury and the current financial situation of the NFIP. NFIP Funding Funding for the NFIP is primarily maintained in an authorized account called the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF). The NFIP is ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. 98-807 |
Title
False Statements and Perjury: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-807 False Statements and Perjury: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12779 |
Title
October 8, 2024 Restoration of Cell Phone Services: Hurricane Helene On September 26, 2024, Hurricane Helene made landfall near Perry, Florida. The hurricane caused flooding and damage to personal property and critical infrastructure, including roads, power, and communication networks. The storm s damage spread across parts of Florida, Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia. ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IG10065 |
Title
Bureau of Reclamation Central Valley Project: Infrastructure and Water Deliveries October 8, 2024 Author Information Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48214 |
Title
Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83) October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48214 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83) On September 26, 2024, the President signed H.R. 9747 the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 into law as P.L. 118-83. Division A of the ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R44593 |
Title
Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44593 Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Summary The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (NFIA; 42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and was most recently reauthorized to ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R42567 |
Title
Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42567 Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Coast Guard s program of record (POR), which dates to 2004, calls for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and up to ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF10585 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 The Federal Land Management Agencies The Property Clause in the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 3, clause 2) provides Congress the authority to acquire, dispose of, and manage federal property. Currently, approximately 640 million acres of surface land are managed by the federal government, accounting for nearly 28% of the 2.3 billion acres of land (excluding inland ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12778 |
Title
October 7, 2024 Recreation.gov: Overview and Issues for Congress For many people looking to experience the country s federal lands and waters, their trip begins with a visit to Recreation.gov. Recreation.gov is a cloud-based website that offers federal recreation information, trip planning services, and reservation booking to the public for roughly 4,000 federal recreation areas and more than 120, ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. RS21048 |
Title
U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21048 U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress Summary Special Operations Forces (SOF) play a significant role in U.S. military operations. In 1986, Congress, concerned about the status of ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IN12439 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sri Lanka s Watershed Election October 7, 2024 Anura Kumara Dissanayake, popularly known as AKD, was sworn in as Sri Lanka s ninth executive president on September 23. He is Sri Lanka s first president not associated with one of the country s two dominant parties or their offshoots. The election was conducted peacefully, and an international election monitoring group called the polls ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11239 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Equal Time Rule for Political Candidates: Constitutional Context October 7, 2024 On July 23, 2024, two days after announcing that he would exit the 2024 presidential race, President Joe Biden wrote on social media that he would address the country on what lies ahead. In advance of this address, news organizations reported that President Donald Trump s campaign had sent a letter ...
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