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| Date Nov. 14, 2024 |
Report No. R48264 |
Title
Administrative Procedure Act (APA) Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program November 14, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48264 SUMMARY Administrative Procedure Act (APA) Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program R48264 November 14, 2024 Hannah-Alise Rogers Legislative Attorney Congress created the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation ...
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| Date Nov. 14, 2024 |
Report No. IF12817 |
Title
November 14, 2024 Defense Primer: Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) Introduction The Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) is the primary U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) process for determining military weapon systems requirements. According to the JCIDS Manual, which was last publicly updated in 2021, the JCIDS process includes assessing joint ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12458 |
Title
INSIGHTi Artificial Intelligence: CRS Products November 13, 2024 Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies including machine learning, generative AI, and facial recognition technologies are demonstrating many potential benefits across a variety of sectors of the U.S. economy. At the same time, the rapid innovation and proliferation of AI tools have generated concern over their ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R45303 |
Title
India: Religious Freedom Issues Updated November 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45303 SUMMARY India: Religious Freedom Issues R45303 November 13, 2024 India is the world s most populous country, with more than 1.4 billion people, and the world s fifth-largest economy. In recognition of India s global importance and growing ability to K. Alan Kronstadt ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R42505 |
Title
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits Updated November 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42505 SUMMARY Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits R42505 November 13, 2024 Randy Alison Aussenberg Specialist in Nutrition The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R45845 |
Title
Social Security: Beneficiaries Affected by Both the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and the Government Pension Offset (GPO) Updated November 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45845 SUMMARY Social Security: Beneficiaries Affected by Both the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and the Government Pension Offset (GPO) R45845 November 13, 2024 Zhe Li ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R46786 |
Title
Rules Governing House Committee and Subcommittee Assignment Procedures Updated November 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46786 SUMMARY Rules Governing House Committee and Subcommittee Assignment Procedures R46786 November 13, 2024 Michael Greene Analyst on Congress and Members of the House are assigned to serve on committees at the start of every Congress. ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R47846 |
Title
Reference Table: Expiring Provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA, P.L. 115-97) Updated November 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47846 Reference Table: Expiring Provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA, P.L. 115-97) Contents Individuals and Families ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12451 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82): Background for Congress Updated November 13, 2024 The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was introduced by Representative Garret Graves on January 9, 2023. S. 597, a companion bill, was introduced by Senator Sherrod Brown on March 1, 2023. The bills would repeal two provisions under Social Security the Government Pension ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN11532 |
Title
INSIGHTi TRICARE Cost-Sharing Changes in 2025 Updated November 13, 2024 The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) administers a statutory health entitlement (under Title 10, Chapter 55, of the U.S. Code) through the Military Health System (MHS). The MHS offers health care benefits and services through its TRICARE program to approximately 9.5 million beneficiaries that include servicemembers, military ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11213 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Removal to Federal Court of Cases Against Federal Officials and Agents Updated November 13, 2024 In the United States, the federal government and the states each have their own sets of laws and their own court systems. Federal and state courts generally operate separately, but there is not an absolute division between the federal and state judicial systems. Sometimes, cases may move ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF11263 |
Title
Updated November 13, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Installations Management The Department of Defense (DOD) and the three military departments the Army, Navy, and Air Force maintain distinctive organizational structures, policies, and programs for managing their installations. Section 2801 of Title 10, United States Code (U.S.C.) defines a military installation as a base, camp, post, station, yard ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2024 |
Report No. R48258 |
Title
Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR): Its Potential Role in Climate Change Mitigation November 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48258 SUMMARY Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR): Its Potential Role in Climate Change Mitigation R48258 November 12, 2024 Jonathan D. Haskett Analyst in Environmental Rising global temperatures are associated with increasingly frequent and ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2024 |
Report No. R47509 |
Title
SBA COVID-19 EIDL Financial Relief: Policy Options and Considerations Updated November 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47509 SUMMARY SBA COVID-19 EIDL Financial Relief: Policy Options and Considerations Congress took several actions to provide financial relief to individuals, businesses, and nonprofits after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, including ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2024 |
Report No. IF12815 |
Title
November 12, 2024 How the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA, P.L. 115-97) Changed Cost Recovery and the Tax Credit for Research Tax benefits for investments in research and development are of long-standing interest to Congress and the business community. The 2017 tax cut, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97; TCJA), changed the deductibility of research and experimentation (R&E ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2024 |
Report No. IF12558 |
Title
Updated November 12, 2024 Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity Contracts The federal government has multiple contracting methods for use in procuring goods and services, one of which is called an Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), located at Title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations, defines an IDIQ contract as one that ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48257 |
Title
Federal Support for Organ Transplantation: Frequently Asked Questions November 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48257 SUMMARY Federal Support for Organ Transplantation: Frequently Asked Questions Organ transplantation is a complex medical procedure, often requiring coordination among multiple entities, medical teams, and medical facilities. It is also unique ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R40118 |
Title
An Overview of the HOME Investment Partnerships Program Updated November 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40118 An Overview of the HOME Investment Partnerships Program Summary The HOME Investment Partnerships Program was authorized by the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-625). HOME is a federal block grant program that ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12813 |
Title
November 8, 2024 Global Refugee Resettlement: Background and Selected Issues During the past decade, the global number of refugees (including asylum-seekers those who have applied for refugee status but whose claim has not yet been definitively evaluated) tripled to over 46 million people worldwide. Congress funds and oversees U.S. humanitarian assistance to refugees, and some Members have ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12267 |
Title
INSIGHTi Iran s Petroleum Exports to China and U.S. Sanctions Updated November 8, 2024 Many Members in the 118th Congress remain concerned with Iran s ability to raise revenue by selling petroleum, which has been a long-term target of U.S. sanctions. Iran s petroleum exports reportedly reached new heights in 2024, with nearly all exports going to the People s Republic of China (PRC). Techniques ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF11681 |
Title
Updated November 8, 2024 Defense Primer: LGM-35A Sentinel Intercontinental Ballistic Missile The LGM-35A Sentinel is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) system that is expected to replace the Minuteman III (MMIII) ICBM in the U.S. nuclear force structure. MMIII has served as the ground-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad land-based ICBMs, submarinelaunched ballistic missiles, and nuclear- ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48109 |
Title
Status of FY2025 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief Updated November 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48109 SUMMARY Status of FY2025 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief This report provides a brief summary of the status of FY2025 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (LHHS) ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12812 |
Title
November 7, 2024 Simplifying FEMA s Assistance Programs: Selected Actions Taken and Potential Future Considerations Some Members of Congress, state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) offices of emergency management, nonprofits, disaster survivors, nonpartisan think-tanks, and the Government Accountability Office have repeatedly called on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11630 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 Alternative Data in Financial Services Alternative data generally refers to information used to determine a consumer s creditworthiness that the national consumer reporting agencies (CRAs) Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion have not traditionally used to calculate credit scores. These CRAs generally create consumer reports with historical information about repayment on ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12808 |
Title
November 7, 2024 Defense Primer: The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (OUSD(P)) Background Responsibilities Congress established the position of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD-P) in 1978 (P.L. 95-140) and has expanded its role several times through legislation. The current Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (OUSD(P)) sometimes referred to as OSD ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12809 |
Title
November 7, 2024 The Section 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), enacted a new tax credit for the production of component parts and critical minerals used in clean energy equipment. The credit is referred to as either the Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit or the 45X credit based on the credit s Internal ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11208 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 The Pacific Islands: Background and Issues for Congress Overview The Pacific Islands region encompasses 14 Pacific Island countries (PICs), the U.S. state of Hawaii, and several U.S. territories, and spans nearly 15% of the Earth s surface. Successive U.S. Administrations and some Members of Congress have identified significant U.S. national security interests in the ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF10576 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 Human Rights and Anti-Corruption Sanctions: The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (Global Magnitsky Act, Title XII, Subtitle F of P.L. 114328, as amended; 22 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.) authorizes the President to impose economic sanctions and deny entry into the United States to foreign persons identified as ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12331 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 Burma: Background and Issues for Congress Overview Burma (also known as Myanmar) is a multi-ethnic Southeast Asian nation of 57.5 million that has been under some degree of military rule since 1962 and under an authoritarian military junta since a February 2021 coup d tat. The coup ended a decade-long period of partial democratization and ushered in a broad nationwide ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R45418 |
Title
Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Primer Updated November 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45418 SUMMARY Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Primer The federal Pell Grant program, authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA; P.L. 89-329), is the single largest source of federal grant ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R48256 |
Title
Tribal Self-Determination Authorities: Overview and Issues for Congress November 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48256 SUMMARY Tribal Self-Determination Authorities: Overview and Issues for Congress Congress has broad authority over issues relating to federally recognized Tribes ( Tribes ), and its approach to tribal issues has fluctuated over time. ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN12457 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Biden Administration s Revised Proclamation and Final Rule, Securing the Border November 6, 2024 On September 27, 2024, President Biden issued an updated proclamation to amend the June Proclamation that temporarily suspends and limits the entry of certain migrants at the Southwest land border (SWB) with no legal basis for admission during emergency border circumstances. The U.S. ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R48255 |
Title
National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2024 Appropriations November 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48255 SUMMARY National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2024 Appropriations R48255 November 6, 2024 Shannon S. Loane Senior Research Librarian The National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities is the primary vehicle for federal support ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12307 |
Title
Updated November 6, 2024 Understanding Linked Climate and Weather Hazards and the Challenges to Federal Emergency Management The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimates that in 2024, as of Nov. 1, the United States experienced 24 separate weatherrelated disasters that caused at least 1 billion dollars in damages the tenth consecutive year to have 10 or more such ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12806 |
Title
November 6, 2024 Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Firefighters and Fire Departments This In Focus includes a list of selected federal agencies and programs that may support fire departments seeking funding for a variety of activities, including, but not limited to, equipment acquisitions, hiring, training, and facility construction. Some of the programs listed below focus on ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12807 |
Title
November 6, 2024 The Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA) The Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA), enacted in 1980, establishes uniform procedures for federal courts to determine the admissibility and manage the admission of classified information as evidence in federal criminal proceedings. This In Focus describes CIPA s background, key provisions, and potential issues for ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12810 |
Title
November 6, 2024 Issues for Reauthorization and Reform of the National Flood Insurance Program Floods are the most common and costly natural disaster in the United States; however, flood damage is not covered by homeowners insurance, and many flood victims are surprised to discover after a flood that their losses are not covered by insurance. Instead, homeowners and renters must buy a separate ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R48186 |
Title
Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education Updated November 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48186 SUMMARY Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress enacted several programs that provided federal funds specifically to prevent, prepare ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. RL32760 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32760 SUMMARY The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant funds a wide range of ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11245 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Rules That There Is No Constitutional Right to Having an Alien Spouse Admitted to the United States November 5, 2024 On June 21, 2024, the Supreme Court in Department of State v. Mu oz rejected a U.S. citizen s legal challenge to the denial of her alien husband s application for a visa to enter the United States. Under the doctrine of consular nonreviewability, a ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10199 |
Title
Updated November 5, 2024 U.S.-Japan Relations Overview Japan, a U.S. treaty ally since 1952, is an important U.S. partner in several foreign policy areas, particularly security and trade. Shared goals include meeting the challenge of an increasingly assertive People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and countering threats from North Korea. The U.S.Japan mutual defense treaty grants the United ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IN12456 |
Title
INSIGHTi Georgia: Incumbent Georgian Dream Claims Victory in Disputed Parliamentary Elections November 5, 2024 Georgia, a country in the Black Sea region that borders Russia and Turkey, held parliamentary elections on October 26, 2024. Georgia s governing party, Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia (GD), claimed victory. GD came to power in 2012 as a center-left party and has since governed on the ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47936 |
Title
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2024 Appropriations Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47936 SUMMARY Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2024 Appropriations This report offers an overview of the FY2024 Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (LHHS) appropriations ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47015 |
Title
FEMA s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) Implementation and Considerations for Congress Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47015 SUMMARY FEMA s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) Implementation and Considerations for Congress The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may provide several forms of assistance, if authorized ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R42866 |
Title
Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42866 Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview Four major principles underlie current U.S. legal permanent immigration policy: allowing families to ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47996 |
Title
Pensions and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Investment Issues Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47996 SUMMARY Pensions and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Investment Issues Employer-sponsored pensions and individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are important sources of income security in retirement for many American households. ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R45238 |
Title
FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45238 SUMMARY FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals The Small Business Administration s (SBA s) Disaster Loan Program ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R43141 |
Title
The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP): Overview and Issues for Congress Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43141 SUMMARY The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP): Overview and Issues for Congress R43141 November 4, 2024 Linda R. Rowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Earth Sciences The National Earthquake ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R44263 |
Title
Veterans Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44263 Veterans Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Introduction Veterans Day is a federal holiday honoring people who have served in the U.S. Armed Forces. It is recognized annually on November 11.1 This fact sheet is designed to assist congressional offices with work ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF10988 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has two main policy goals: (1) to provide access to primary flood insurance, thereby allowing for the transfer of some of the financial risk of property owners to ...
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