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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. R47439 |
Title
Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration Updated October 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47439 SUMMARY Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration R47439 October 9, 2024 Shawn Reese Analyst in Emergency Management and ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF10675 |
Title
Updated October 9, 2024 Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) What Is Security Force Assistance (SFA)? Security Force Assistance (SFA) is defined as unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host-nation, or regional security forces in support of a legitimate authority. By definition security forces include not only military forces, but also police, border forces, and other ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF12200 |
Title
Updated October 9, 2024 The U.S. Marine Corps Marine Littoral Regiment (MLR) Background MLR Employment On March 23, 2020, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) announced a major force design initiative planned to occur over 10 years originally referred to as Force Design 2030 but now known as Force Design. As part of this initiative, the Marines are redesigning forces to place a stronger emphasis on naval ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IN11748 |
Title
INSIGHTi Overview of Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Access to Taxpayer Data and Recent Legislation (Title II of H.R. 9076) Updated October 9, 2024 In the 118th Congress, Congress has been considering legislation seeking to provide tribal Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs with access to federal tax information comparable to that of state and local CSE programs. This legislation also would ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2024 |
Report No. IF12780 |
Title
October 9, 2024 Federal Student Aid Authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act Federal financial assistance for students pursuing postsecondary education is primarily provided through Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA). The general intent for such aid is to assist in making the benefits of higher education available to students by increasing access and completion. Figure 1 shows ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R46300 |
Title
Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: National Security and Tourism Considerations Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46300 SUMMARY Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: National Security and Tourism Considerations The Visa Waiver Program (VWP), which allows citizens of certain countries to visit the United States for up to three ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R42972 |
Title
Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42972 Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions Contents What Is a Sequester? ................................................................................................................. 1 What Is the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R46117 |
Title
Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants: A Primer Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46117 SUMMARY Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants: A Primer The Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant program is intended to encourage individuals ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12436 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Military Child Care Proposals October 8, 2024 In 2023, the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) established a Quality of Life (QoL) Panel to develop proposals for a National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (FY2025 NDAA). On April 8, 2024, the QoL Panel released its final report. Several of the report s recommendations related to military child care were ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12437 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2023 Premium Tax Credit Tool: An Interactive Tool for Congressional Users October 8, 2024 This Insight accompanies the 2023 Premium Tax Credit Tool, a Microsoft Excel file that congressional users can download from CRS.gov. The tool was designed to assist Congress in evaluating policy considerations in advance of the expiration of certain premium tax credit (PTC) provisions at the end of ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48215 |
Title
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Frequently Asked Questions October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48215 SUMMARY Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Frequently Asked Questions Over the past two decades, successive U.S. Administrations and Congresses have recognized that illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48216 |
Title
Credit Card Swipe Fees and Routing Restrictions October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48216 SUMMARY Credit Card Swipe Fees and Routing Restrictions The basic structure of a credit payment involves a customer, the customer s bank (called the issuing bank), a card payment network, the merchant, the merchant s bank (called the acquiring bank), and possibly ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12265 |
Title
Updated October 8, 2024 China Primer: Human Rights Overview The nongovernmental human rights organization Freedom House describes China s party-state as an authoritarian regime that has become increasingly repressive in recent years. Some analysts argue China has moved in a totalitarian direction. The party-state is dominated by one person, Xi Jinping, who became Communist Party of China (CPC) ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. 98-808 |
Title
False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-808 False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes providing the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN10784 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority Updated October 8, 2024 This Insight evaluates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) borrowing authority to receive loans from the Treasury and the current financial situation of the NFIP. NFIP Funding Funding for the NFIP is primarily maintained in an authorized account called the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF). The NFIP is ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. 98-807 |
Title
False Statements and Perjury: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated October 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-807 False Statements and Perjury: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12779 |
Title
October 8, 2024 Restoration of Cell Phone Services: Hurricane Helene On September 26, 2024, Hurricane Helene made landfall near Perry, Florida. The hurricane caused flooding and damage to personal property and critical infrastructure, including roads, power, and communication networks. The storm s damage spread across parts of Florida, Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia. ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IG10065 |
Title
Bureau of Reclamation Central Valley Project: Infrastructure and Water Deliveries October 8, 2024 Author Information Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48214 |
Title
Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83) October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48214 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83) On September 26, 2024, the President signed H.R. 9747 the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 into law as P.L. 118-83. Division A of the ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R44593 |
Title
Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44593 Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Summary The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (NFIA; 42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and was most recently reauthorized to ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. R42567 |
Title
Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42567 Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Coast Guard s program of record (POR), which dates to 2004, calls for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and up to ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF10585 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 The Federal Land Management Agencies The Property Clause in the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 3, clause 2) provides Congress the authority to acquire, dispose of, and manage federal property. Currently, approximately 640 million acres of surface land are managed by the federal government, accounting for nearly 28% of the 2.3 billion acres of land (excluding inland ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. 98-684 |
Title
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-684 Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections his report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables, organized by region, that include the date ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12778 |
Title
October 7, 2024 Recreation.gov: Overview and Issues for Congress For many people looking to experience the country s federal lands and waters, their trip begins with a visit to Recreation.gov. Recreation.gov is a cloud-based website that offers federal recreation information, trip planning services, and reservation booking to the public for roughly 4,000 federal recreation areas and more than 120, ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. RS21048 |
Title
U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress Updated October 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21048 U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress Summary Special Operations Forces (SOF) play a significant role in U.S. military operations. In 1986, Congress, concerned about the status of ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11239 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Equal Time Rule for Political Candidates: Constitutional Context October 7, 2024 On July 23, 2024, two days after announcing that he would exit the 2024 presidential race, President Joe Biden wrote on social media that he would address the country on what lies ahead. In advance of this address, news organizations reported that President Donald Trump s campaign had sent a letter ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IN12439 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sri Lanka s Watershed Election October 7, 2024 Anura Kumara Dissanayake, popularly known as AKD, was sworn in as Sri Lanka s ninth executive president on September 23. He is Sri Lanka s first president not associated with one of the country s two dominant parties or their offshoots. The election was conducted peacefully, and an international election monitoring group called the polls ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11672 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 Coast Guard Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Introduction The Coast Guard s Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) program envisages procuring 30 replacements for the Coast Guard s 35 aging river buoy tenders (WLRs), inland construction tenders (WLICs), and inland buoy tenders (WLIs). The Coast Guard wants to have the first new WCC be in ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12149 |
Title
Updated October 7, 2024 The Small Business Administration s State Trade Expansion Program American small businesses regularly export to international markets, contributing to both domestic and global economies by trading with approximately 95% of the world population living outside the United States. But due to factors such as lack of experience or resources, some small businesses may encounter ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R46785 |
Title
Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46785 SUMMARY Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions Federal support for reproductive health services preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services related to reproductive systems, functions, and ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48209 |
Title
A Binding Debt Limit: Background and Possible Consequences October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48209 SUMMARY A Binding Debt Limit: Background and Possible Consequences In September 2024, gross federal debt was about $35.3 trillion. Debt limit episodes have been a recurring feature of federal fiscal policy since 2001, when federal budget deficits returned ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48213 |
Title
Marketing and Pricing in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48213 SUMMARY Marketing and Pricing in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry R48213 October 4, 2024 Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Pandemic-era supply chain disruptions and higher input and operating costs have contributed to Policy increased ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47828 |
Title
Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress Updated October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47828 SUMMARY Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress R47828 October 4, 2024 Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Since October 7, 2023, Israel has been at war with the Palestinian Sunni ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12412 |
Title
INSIGHTi Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024: Electricity Provisions Updated October 4, 2024 On July 22, 2024, the chair and ranking member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee released draft text for a permitting reform bill; the next day, S. 4753 the Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024 was introduced. The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee ordered reported an amended ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11238 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Circuit Splits from September 2024 October 4, 2024 The U.S. Courts of Appeals for the 13 circuits issue thousands of precedential decisions each year. Because relatively few of these decisions are ultimately reviewed by the Supreme Court, the U.S. Courts of Appeals are often the last word on consequential legal questions. The federal appellate courts ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48211 |
Title
Deferred Maintenance and Repair at Civilian Agencies: Causes, Risks, and Policy Options October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48211 SUMMARY Deferred Maintenance and Repair at Civilian Agencies: Causes, Risks, and Policy Options R48211 October 4, 2024 Garrett Hatch Specialist in American Federal civilian agencies own more than 285,000 buildings and ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12440 |
Title
INSIGHTi District Court Ruling on DOT Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program October 4, 2024 Awarding a preliminary injunction, a federal district court ruled in Mid-America Milling Company v. United States Department of Transportation that the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program may no longer operate under existing program regulations in the ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48212 |
Title
Hurricane Rapid Intensification: In Brief October 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48212 Hurricane Rapid Intensification: In Brief Contents Rapid Intensification and Coastal Communities ............................................................................. 1 Forecasting, Trends, and Projections ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R43792 |
Title
State Minimum Wages: An Overview Updated October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43792 State Minimum Wages: An Overview Summary The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal law that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered, nonexempt workers employed in a state or territory of the United States. While the ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R46565 |
Title
Federal Election Results: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46565 SUMMARY Federal Election Results: Frequently Asked Questions States, territories, and the District of Columbia (DC) administer federal elections. Each of these jurisdictions has its own process for counting votes and declaring election winners, though ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48194 |
Title
The U.S. Nuclear Security Enterprise: Background and Possible Issues for Congress Updated October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48194 SUMMARY The U.S. Nuclear Security Enterprise: Background and Possible Issues for Congress Created in 2000, the Department of Energy s (DOE s) semi-autonomous National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is responsible for ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IN12429 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hurricane Helene Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources Updated October 3, 2024 Introduction Before midnight on September 26, 2024, Hurricane Helene made landfall as a Category 4 major hurricane in northwestern Florida in the Big Bend area of the Gulf Coast, later bringing heavy rain and floods to many states in the southern Appalachian region. President Biden had issued ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48197 |
Title
Dual-Use Solar Photovoltaics: Emerging Applications and Issues for Congress October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48197 SUMMARY Dual-Use Solar Photovoltaics: Emerging Applications and Issues for Congress Solar photovoltaics (PV) is one potential renewable energy technology that may help the United States achieve its carbon reduction goals and commitments. ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48196 |
Title
Hydrogen Production: Overview and Issues for Congress October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48196 SUMMARY Hydrogen Production: Overview and Issues for Congress Various hydrogen production methods, or pathways, can use energy to extract hydrogen from feedstocks such as fossil fuels, biomass, and water. Hydrogen molecules can then be used in functional ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R47614 |
Title
U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress Updated October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47614 SUMMARY U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress R47614 October 3, 2024 Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military On March 23, 2020, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) announced a major force design ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF11020 |
Title
Updated October 3, 2024 Introduction to U.S. Economy: Business Investment What Is Business Investment? Business investment is spending by private businesses and nonprofits on physical capital long-lasting assets used to produce goods and services. Physical capital is generally grouped into three categories: equipment (e.g., machinery or computers), structures (e.g., offices or warehouses), and ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. RS21255 |
Title
Motions to Proceed to Consider Measures in the Senate: Who Offers Them? Updated October 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21255 SUMMARY Motions to Proceed to Consider Measures in the Senate: Who Offers Them? The Senate generally cedes to its majority leader the prerogative of calling up items of business for floor consideration. Most measures are brought to ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF10411 |
Title
Updated October 3, 2024 Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth On July 19, 2021, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an independent, nonprofit research group, announced that economic activity in the United States reached a post-COVID-19 pandemic onset trough in April 2020 and subsequently exited a two-month recession. NBER has not announced any peaks in economic ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IN12418 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Countering Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Updated October 3, 2024 Background Congress has expressed concerns about the threats posed by uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS, commonly known as drones) to U.S. military personnel and defense installations at home and abroad, as well as an interest in the ability of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) to detect and mitigate UAS threats. ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF11697 |
Title
Updated October 3, 2024 Defense Primer: Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3) The Department of Defense (DOD) is replacing many elements of the U.S. nuclear command, control, and communications (NC3) architecture as part of the United States ongoing efforts to recapitalize its nuclear forces. This architecture composed of what some estimate as 204 individual ground, space, and ...
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