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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12812 |
Title
November 7, 2024 Simplifying FEMA s Assistance Programs: Selected Actions Taken and Potential Future Considerations Some Members of Congress, state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) offices of emergency management, nonprofits, disaster survivors, nonpartisan think-tanks, and the Government Accountability Office have repeatedly called on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11630 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 Alternative Data in Financial Services Alternative data generally refers to information used to determine a consumer s creditworthiness that the national consumer reporting agencies (CRAs) Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion have not traditionally used to calculate credit scores. These CRAs generally create consumer reports with historical information about repayment on ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12808 |
Title
November 7, 2024 Defense Primer: The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (OUSD(P)) Background Responsibilities Congress established the position of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD-P) in 1978 (P.L. 95-140) and has expanded its role several times through legislation. The current Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (OUSD(P)) sometimes referred to as OSD ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12809 |
Title
November 7, 2024 The Section 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), enacted a new tax credit for the production of component parts and critical minerals used in clean energy equipment. The credit is referred to as either the Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit or the 45X credit based on the credit s Internal ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11208 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 The Pacific Islands: Background and Issues for Congress Overview The Pacific Islands region encompasses 14 Pacific Island countries (PICs), the U.S. state of Hawaii, and several U.S. territories, and spans nearly 15% of the Earth s surface. Successive U.S. Administrations and some Members of Congress have identified significant U.S. national security interests in the ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF10576 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 Human Rights and Anti-Corruption Sanctions: The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (Global Magnitsky Act, Title XII, Subtitle F of P.L. 114328, as amended; 22 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.) authorizes the President to impose economic sanctions and deny entry into the United States to foreign persons identified as ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12331 |
Title
Updated November 7, 2024 Burma: Background and Issues for Congress Overview Burma (also known as Myanmar) is a multi-ethnic Southeast Asian nation of 57.5 million that has been under some degree of military rule since 1962 and under an authoritarian military junta since a February 2021 coup d tat. The coup ended a decade-long period of partial democratization and ushered in a broad nationwide ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R45418 |
Title
Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Primer Updated November 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45418 SUMMARY Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Primer The federal Pell Grant program, authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA; P.L. 89-329), is the single largest source of federal grant ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R48256 |
Title
Tribal Self-Determination Authorities: Overview and Issues for Congress November 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48256 SUMMARY Tribal Self-Determination Authorities: Overview and Issues for Congress Congress has broad authority over issues relating to federally recognized Tribes ( Tribes ), and its approach to tribal issues has fluctuated over time. ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN12457 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Biden Administration s Revised Proclamation and Final Rule, Securing the Border November 6, 2024 On September 27, 2024, President Biden issued an updated proclamation to amend the June Proclamation that temporarily suspends and limits the entry of certain migrants at the Southwest land border (SWB) with no legal basis for admission during emergency border circumstances. The U.S. ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R48255 |
Title
National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2024 Appropriations November 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48255 SUMMARY National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2024 Appropriations R48255 November 6, 2024 Shannon S. Loane Senior Research Librarian The National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities is the primary vehicle for federal support ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12307 |
Title
Updated November 6, 2024 Understanding Linked Climate and Weather Hazards and the Challenges to Federal Emergency Management The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimates that in 2024, as of Nov. 1, the United States experienced 24 separate weatherrelated disasters that caused at least 1 billion dollars in damages the tenth consecutive year to have 10 or more such ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12806 |
Title
November 6, 2024 Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Firefighters and Fire Departments This In Focus includes a list of selected federal agencies and programs that may support fire departments seeking funding for a variety of activities, including, but not limited to, equipment acquisitions, hiring, training, and facility construction. Some of the programs listed below focus on ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12807 |
Title
November 6, 2024 The Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA) The Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA), enacted in 1980, establishes uniform procedures for federal courts to determine the admissibility and manage the admission of classified information as evidence in federal criminal proceedings. This In Focus describes CIPA s background, key provisions, and potential issues for ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12810 |
Title
November 6, 2024 Issues for Reauthorization and Reform of the National Flood Insurance Program Floods are the most common and costly natural disaster in the United States; however, flood damage is not covered by homeowners insurance, and many flood victims are surprised to discover after a flood that their losses are not covered by insurance. Instead, homeowners and renters must buy a separate ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R48186 |
Title
Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education Updated November 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48186 SUMMARY Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress enacted several programs that provided federal funds specifically to prevent, prepare ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. RL32760 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32760 SUMMARY The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant funds a wide range of ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11245 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Rules That There Is No Constitutional Right to Having an Alien Spouse Admitted to the United States November 5, 2024 On June 21, 2024, the Supreme Court in Department of State v. Mu oz rejected a U.S. citizen s legal challenge to the denial of her alien husband s application for a visa to enter the United States. Under the doctrine of consular nonreviewability, a ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IN12456 |
Title
INSIGHTi Georgia: Incumbent Georgian Dream Claims Victory in Disputed Parliamentary Elections November 5, 2024 Georgia, a country in the Black Sea region that borders Russia and Turkey, held parliamentary elections on October 26, 2024. Georgia s governing party, Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia (GD), claimed victory. GD came to power in 2012 as a center-left party and has since governed on the ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10199 |
Title
Updated November 5, 2024 U.S.-Japan Relations Overview Japan, a U.S. treaty ally since 1952, is an important U.S. partner in several foreign policy areas, particularly security and trade. Shared goals include meeting the challenge of an increasingly assertive People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and countering threats from North Korea. The U.S.Japan mutual defense treaty grants the United ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R42866 |
Title
Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42866 Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview Four major principles underlie current U.S. legal permanent immigration policy: allowing families to ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47936 |
Title
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2024 Appropriations Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47936 SUMMARY Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2024 Appropriations This report offers an overview of the FY2024 Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (LHHS) appropriations ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R45238 |
Title
FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45238 SUMMARY FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals The Small Business Administration s (SBA s) Disaster Loan Program ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47015 |
Title
FEMA s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) Implementation and Considerations for Congress Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47015 SUMMARY FEMA s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) Implementation and Considerations for Congress The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may provide several forms of assistance, if authorized ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47996 |
Title
Pensions and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Investment Issues Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47996 SUMMARY Pensions and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Investment Issues Employer-sponsored pensions and individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are important sources of income security in retirement for many American households. ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47470 |
Title
Membership of the 118th Congress: A Profile Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47470 SUMMARY Membership of the 118th Congress: A Profile This report presents a profile of the membership of the 118th Congress (2023-2024) as of November 4, 2024, or at the beginning of the 118th Congress (January 3, 2023), where noted. Statistical information is ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R43141 |
Title
The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP): Overview and Issues for Congress Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43141 SUMMARY The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP): Overview and Issues for Congress R43141 November 4, 2024 Linda R. Rowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Earth Sciences The National Earthquake ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R44263 |
Title
Veterans Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44263 Veterans Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Introduction Veterans Day is a federal holiday honoring people who have served in the U.S. Armed Forces. It is recognized annually on November 11.1 This fact sheet is designed to assist congressional offices with work ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF10988 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has two main policy goals: (1) to provide access to primary flood insurance, thereby allowing for the transfer of some of the financial risk of property owners to ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF12049 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 FEMA s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) Following an incident, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may assist individuals with their recovery through the Individual Assistance (IA) program if the President authorizes such assistance pursuant to a declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47297 |
Title
Disaster Survivor FAQ: FEMA Individuals and Households Program Updated November 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47297 SUMMARY Disaster Survivor FAQ: FEMA Individuals and Households Program Member offices frequently have questions about the recovery process when working to support constituents following a presidential declaration of emergency or major ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11105 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Emerging Technologies Both the 2022 National Defense Strategy and senior U.S. defense and intelligence officials have identified a number of emerging technologies that could have a disruptive impact on U.S. national security in the years to come. These technologies include artificial intelligence, lethal autonomous weapon systems, hypersonic weapons, ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11882 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Directed-Energy Weapons Both the 2022 National Defense Strategy and the House Armed Services Committee s bipartisan Future of Defense Task Force Report have identified directed energy as a technology that could have a significant impact on U.S. national security in the years to come. As the Department of Defense (DOD) continues to invest in directed-energy ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11246 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Circuit Splits from October 2024 November 4, 2024 The U.S. Courts of Appeals for the thirteen circuits issue thousands of precedential decisions each year. Because relatively few of these decisions are ultimately reviewed by the Supreme Court, the U.S. Courts of Appeals are often the last word on consequential legal questions. The federal appellate ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF10213 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 Sri Lanka: Background and Issues for Congress The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a constitutional democracy situated off the southeastern tip of India s Deccan Peninsula in the heart of the Indian Ocean. Located along key shipping lanes, Sri Lanka and its Port of Colombo already a significant global shipping hub have grown in strategic importance as ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF12805 |
Title
November 4, 2024 U.S. Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) Fighter Background U.S. Air Force officials say they have paused a contract award for the Next-Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter as they rethink the aircraft s requirements. NGAD is an advanced fighter jet intended to replace the stealthy F-22 Raptor (see Figure 1). According to the Air Force, NGAD is also a family of ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12455 |
Title
INSIGHTi Defense Implications of Challenges at Boeing November 4, 2024 The Boeing Company (Boeing), a supplier of equipment and services to the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), has since 2018 faced challenges including labor actions, production delays, quality control problems, and financial losses on government contracts. Given Boeing s importance to the defense industrial base, Congress may ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF10214 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 Bangladesh Bangladesh (East Pakistan until 1971) is a Muslim-majority South Asian nation bordering India and Burma (Myanmar) on the Bay of Bengal. The world s eighth most populous country, with approximately 169 million people, it has a land area about the size of Iowa. Its democratic system has faced many serious challenges, including political violence, weak governance, ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11736 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 Reinstatement of Removal Orders: An Introduction Federal immigration laws establish removal processes for different categories of aliens who do not meet requirements governing their entry or continued presence in the United States. Many removable aliens found in the interior of the country are subject to formal removal proceedings under 8 U.S.C. 1229a. Aliens in these ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11836 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Quantum Technology Quantum technology translates the principles of quantum physics into technological applications. In general, quantum technology has not yet reached maturity; however, it could hold significant implications for the future of military sensing, encryption, and communications, as well as for congressional oversight, authorizations, and ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF12814 |
Title
November 4, 2024 Disasters and the Federal Budget Increasing frequency and severity of wildfires, storms, floods, and droughts, as well as the recent COVID-19 pandemic have led to questions about the federal government s role with regard to these incidents, and what this may mean for the federal budget in the future. This In Focus clarifies the language used to evaluate the severity of incidents, ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12811 |
Title
November 1, 2024 Current Status of Federal Disaster Relief Accounts Introduction Prior to Hurricanes Helene and Milton, disaster recovery programs across the federal government were already reporting budget shortfalls. Funding shortfalls can affect federal program availability: some agencies may limit spending to life-saving operations while others may pause new enrollments. Such changes can limit ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12611 |
Title
Updated November 1, 2024 DOD Replicator Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress create an unfavorable cost-exchange ratio for the Introduction Replicator, unveiled on August 28, 2023, is a Department of Defense (DOD) initiative, led by DOD s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), to field thousands of uncrewed systems by August 2025. Replicator s first line of effort ( Replicator 1 ) is to field ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF10183 |
Title
Updated November 1, 2024 U.S. Foreign Assistance What Is U.S. Foreign Assistance? Foreign assistance is an instrument of U.S. foreign policy through which the U.S. government provides resources to strategically important countries, countries in conflict, and other populations in need. Most U.S. foreign assistance is administered by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); the U.S. ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12802 |
Title
November 1, 2024 Connecting Grantseekers with Federal Assistance for Storm Shelters and Safe Rooms This In Focus describes selected federal assistance programs available to state, local, and tribal governments; nonprofit organizations; educational institutions; and property owners interested in building a safe room or storm shelter (or adding one to an existing structure) to protect themselves ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. R46413 |
Title
Election Day: Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46413 SUMMARY Election Day: Frequently Asked Questions Election Day is the day legally established to select public officials in the United States. General elections for federal offices President, Vice President, and U.S. Congress are held on the Tuesday after the first ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF11459 |
Title
Updated November 1, 2024 Defense Primer: Hypersonic Boost-Glide Weapons The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is pursuing two types of hypersonic weapons technologies: boost-glide systems that place a maneuverable glide vehicle atop a ballistic missile or rocket booster, and cruise missiles that would use high-speed, air-breathing engines known as scramjets to travel to hypersonic speeds. This In ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN11897 |
Title
INSIGHTi Russia s War Against Ukraine: European Union Responses and U.S.-EU Relations Updated November 1, 2024 The 27-member European Union (EU) has implemented various policy responses to Russia s war against Ukraine. EU actions and coordination with the United States are of interest to Congress given the EU s role as an important U.S. partner. (Also see CRS In Focus IF12277, Russia s War on ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12575 |
Title
Updated November 1, 2024 U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council: Background and Issues The U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) is a high-level forum between the United States and European Union (EU) that aims to enhance cooperation on global technology, economic, and trade issues; promote shared prosperity and competitiveness; and support democratic, market-oriented values. Congress has had ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12804 |
Title
November 1, 2024 Federal Student Loan Program Models The federal government has played a central role in facilitating the making of loans to finance students postsecondary education since at least 1958. The program models used to provide federal student loans have since changed considerably. The Higher Education Act (HEA; P.L. 89-329, as amended) authorizes the primary federal student loan program ...
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