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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. R44668 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Legislative History Updated October 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44668 The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Legislative History Summary The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant was created in the Personal Responsibility and Work ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF10261 |
Title
Updated October 18, 2024 U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview Background The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is the lead international humanitarian and development arm of the U.S. government. Established in 1961 to implement the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, it provides assistance to strategically important countries and countries in conflict; leads U.S. ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. R48208 |
Title
Angola: Key Developments and U.S. Relations Updated October 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48208 SUMMARY Angola and U.S. Relations R48208 October 18, 2024 The Biden Administration, which has emphasized global strategic competition in its 2022 U.S. Strategy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa, has pursued high-level engagement with the Angolan Nicolas Cook ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF10530 |
Title
Updated October 18, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Health System The Department of Defense (DOD) administers a statutory health entitlement (under Title 10, Chapter 55, of the U.S. Code) through the Military Health System (MHS). The MHS offers health care benefits and services through its TRICARE program to approximately 9.5 million beneficiaries composed of servicemembers, military retirees, and ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IN12446 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel and Hamas: Killing of Hamas Leader Yahya Sinwar October 18, 2024 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced on October 17 that Israel s military killed top Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar. Hamas is a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization supported by Iran. Sinwar, who helped mastermind the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led assault on Israel, was reportedly killed in a firefight ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IN12445 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Military Personnel and Hurricane Response Efforts October 18, 2024 Background On September 26, 2024 Hurricane Helene made landfall on the Gulf Coast of Florida at Category 4 strength. Subsequent heavy rains and flooding impacted Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, with secondary impacts in some Midwestern states. This event was followed ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IG10066 |
Title
Tax Statutes of Limitations October 18, 2024 Author Information Justin C. Chung Legislative Attorney Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. R46491 |
Title
Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending Updated October 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46491 SUMMARY Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with supplemental appropriations measures providing relief and assistance to individuals and families, state and local ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. R47605 |
Title
Connecting Older Adults to Information on Benefits and Services Updated October 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47605 SUMMARY Connecting Older Adults to Information on Benefits and Services Older adults often contact congressional offices with questions about federal benefits, programs, and services. This report assists Members and congressional staff ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. R48233 |
Title
Federal Reserve Board: Current and Historical Membership October 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48233 SUMMARY Federal Reserve Board: Current and Historical Membership The Federal Reserve (Fed), the U.S. central bank, is led by a seven-member Board of Governors based in Washington, DC. R48233 October 17, 2024 Ben Leubsdorf Senior Research Librarian The ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12786 |
Title
October 17, 2024 Derivatives Trading in U.S. Banking Overview Bank derivative holdings are highly concentrated among large banks, with large banks holding 97.9% of the notional amounts of bank derivative holdings. This level of concentration holds across all asset classes of derivatives. A September 2024 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency report noted that the four banks with the most ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12675 |
Title
Updated October 17, 2024 A Hypothetical Social Security Cost-of-Living Adjustment Based on the Research Consumer Price Index for the Elderly Background The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers Social Security, a social insurance program that protects an insured worker and his or her eligible family members against a loss of income due to the worker s retirement, disability, or death. ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12785 |
Title
October 17, 2024 FEMA s IA Program Changes to Support Disaster Survivors The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may provide assistance to disaster survivors through the Individual Assistance (IA) program pursuant to a presidential declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended; 42 ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IN12444 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel and U.S. Aid: Humanitarian Access in Gaza October 17, 2024 Overview On October 13, 2024, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin jointly sent a letter, which the State Department described as a private diplomatic communication, to Israeli Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant and Minister of Strategic Affairs Ron Dermer. The letter states that Israel ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF10464 |
Title
Updated October 17, 2024 United Nations Issues: Congressional Representatives to the UN General Assembly The annual session of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly is held at UN Headquarters in New York City. The President generally appoints one Democrat and one Republican to serve as U.S. representatives to the session, alternating each year between the House and Senate. Senators Ben Cardin ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IN11049 |
Title
INSIGHTi A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program in the 118th Congress Updated October 17, 2024 Introduction The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (Title XIII of P.L. 90-448, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12084 |
Title
Updated October 17, 2024 Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N) Congress and the executive branch have debated the merits of a new nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile (SLCM-N) since the weapon was first proposed by the Trump Administration in 2018. The Biden Administration proposed cancelling the SLCM-N program following its 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), a periodic ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12645 |
Title
Updated October 17, 2024 The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) System Background Figure 1.THAAD Fire Unit According to the Department of Defense (DOD), the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system (Figure 1) is a key element of U.S. ballistic missile defense (BMD). THAAD employs interceptor missiles, using hitto-kill technology, to destroy threat missiles. Reportedly, THAAD is ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48232 |
Title
Social Security and Older Workers October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48232 SUMMARY Social Security and Older Workers Social Security is a social insurance program that provides monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers and their eligible family members and eligible survivors of deceased workers. This report examines the impact of Social ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48231 |
Title
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2025 Budget and Appropriations October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48231 SUMMARY Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2025 Budget and Appropriations R48231 October 16, 2024 Emily M. McCabe Specialist in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy Each year, Congress ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. RS22483 |
Title
Health Care for Dependents and Survivors of Veterans Updated October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22483 Health Care for Dependents and Survivors of Veterans Summary The Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA) was established by the Veterans Health Care Expansion Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-82). CHAMPVA is primarily a ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48241 |
Title
The College Cost Reduction Act (H.R. 6951) October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48241 SUMMARY The College Cost Reduction Act (H.R. 6951) During the 118th Congress, the House Committee on Education and the Workforce marked up and ordered reported the College Cost Reduction Act (CCRA; H.R. 6951). Most of the bill s provisions would amend the Higher ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R47724 |
Title
Emergency Relief Program for DisasterDamaged Highways and Bridges Updated October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47724 SUMMARY Emergency Relief Program for DisasterDamaged Highways and Bridges Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton, which made landfall in Florida within two weeks of each other in late September and early October 2024, cost hundreds of lives ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. RL32781 |
Title
Federal Deductibility of State and Local Taxes Updated October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32781 Federal Deductibility of State and Local Taxes Summary Under current law, taxpayers who itemize can deduct state and local real estate taxes, personal property taxes, income taxes, and sales taxes (in lieu of income taxes) from federal income when ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R42072 |
Title
Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Actions Updated October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42072 SUMMARY Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Actions R42072 October 16, 2024 Ida A. Brudnick Specialist on the Congress The leaders of the legislative branch agencies and entities the ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R43159 |
Title
Eligibility for Participation in Title IV Student Financial Aid Programs Updated October 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43159 SUMMARY Eligibility for Participation in Title IV Student Financial Aid Programs R43159 October 16, 2024 Alexandra Hegji Specialist in Social Policy Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) authorizes programs that provide ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IN10890 |
Title
INSIGHTi Closing the Flood Insurance Gap Updated October 16, 2024 There is a large flood insurance gap in the United States, where many people exposed to flood risk are not covered by flood insurance. Early estimates suggest that very few people had flood insurance in areas flooded by Hurricane Helene, perhaps 1%-2% or less in inland counties and 21% in coastal counties affected by Helene. The ...
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| Date Oct. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF12784 |
Title
October 16, 2024 Federal Inspection of Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products On July 19, 2024, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), and state public health regulatory officials announced an investigation into a multistate outbreak of Listeria, also known as listeriosis or listeria infection. As ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R47373 |
Title
Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47373 SUMMARY Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress The federal government supports scientific and technological advancement directly by funding and performing research and development (R&D) and indirectly by creating and maintaining policies ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R45931 |
Title
Federal Student Loans Made Through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program: Terms and Conditions for Borrowers Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45931 SUMMARY Federal Student Loans Made Through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program: Terms and Conditions for Borrowers R45931 October 15, 2024 Alexandra Hegji Specialist in ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R46314 |
Title
Federal Student Loan Debt Relief in the Context of COVID-19 Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46314 SUMMARY Federal Student Loan Debt Relief in the Context of COVID-19 R46314 October 15, 2024 Alexandra Hegji Specialist in Social Policy In early 2020, in response to the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, the Trump Administration declared a public ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. RL32221 |
Title
Visa Waiver Program Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32221 SUMMARY Visa Waiver Program The Visa Waiver Program (VWP), established in 1986 as a trial program and made permanent in 2000 (P.L. 106-396), allows nationals from 42 countries to enter the United States for periods of up to 90 days as temporary visitors (nonimmigrants) for business ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF11362 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Defense Primer: Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery (ANC) is a military cemetery administered by the Office of Army Cemeteries. Located in Arlington County, Virginia, the cemetery was created in 1864 during the Civil War from 200 acres of plantation land that once belonged to George Washington Parke Custis, step-grandson of the first U.S. President. ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R45938 |
Title
Nonimmigrant and Immigrant Visa Categories: Data Brief Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45938 Nonimmigrant and Immigrant Visa Categories: Data Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Tables Table 1. Nonimmigrant Visas, ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. R47905 |
Title
A Stronger Workforce for America Act (H.R. 6655): In Brief Updated October 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47905 A Stronger Workforce for America Act (H.R. 6655): In Brief Contents Overview of WIOA and Current Status ........................................................................................... 1 Major Elements of H.R. ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF10880 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Chile: An Overview Chile, located along the Pacific coast of South America, traditionally has been one of the United States closest partners in Latin America. During the 118th Congress, the Senate consented to a tax treaty with Chile and some Members have assessed options for strengthening commercial and security ties while addressing emerging opportunities and challenges ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12650 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Offshore Wind: The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management s Engagement with Federally Recognized Tribes The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), within the Department of the Interior (DOI), administers offshore wind leasing on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). Among its responsibilities, BOEM engages with federally recognized Tribes (hereinafter Tribes) at multiple ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12176 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 The Small Business Administration s Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs To help address the needs of America s smallest businesses, the Small Business Administration (SBA) operates the Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs (PRIME). While 97% of all American employer firms meet the SBA s definition of a small business, some may have hundreds of employees or ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF11400 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 Presidential Authority to Address Tariff Barriers in Trade Agreements The U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate trade with foreign nations and to lay and collect duties. Since the 1930s, Congress has periodically authorized the President to negotiate trade agreements and, among other actions, proclaim changes to U.S. tariff rates known as Trade Promotion ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12310 |
Title
Updated October 15, 2024 The Small Business Administration s Growth Accelerator Fund Competition Small businesses and startups sometimes benefit from assistance growing their companies, including opportunities to raise capital, mentorship, and commercialization help. Accelerators organizations often operated by experienced businesspeople provide technical assistance and other services to new ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12438 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hurricane Milton Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources Updated October 13, 2024 Introduction On October 9, 2024, Hurricane Milton made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Florida s Tampa Bay area bringing heavy rain, storm surge, and floods to many counties on the coast and in the interior of the state. Some areas in the state are still actively recovering from ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. R48224 |
Title
Social Security Benefits and Price Indexing: Analysis of Selected Policy Options October 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48224 SUMMARY Social Security Benefits and Price Indexing: Analysis of Selected Policy Options R48224 October 11, 2024 Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy Under current law, Social Security benefits are indexed in two ways. For ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12442 |
Title
INSIGHTi Elections and Hurricanes Helene and Milton October 11, 2024 Introduction In September and October 2024, Hurricanes Helene and Milton disrupted voter registration, early voting activities, and preparations for the November 5 general election throughout parts of the southeastern United States. As another CRS product discusses, the United States has a long history of natural disasters and ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12441 |
Title
INSIGHTi FDA Regulation of Tampons October 11, 2024 An August 2024 study led by researchers at Columbia University evaluated the concentration of 16 different metals in multiple brands of tampons and reported detecting measurable concentrations of all 16 metals. The authors concluded that using tampons may be a potential source of metal exposure, although the study did not evaluate if the metals ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. RL32418 |
Title
Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine (Pillar 1) Project: Background and Issues for Congress October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32418 Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine Project Summary Virginia-class submarine program. The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines ( ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R47682 |
Title
Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47682 SUMMARY Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program R47682 October 10, 2024 Hannah-Alise Rogers Legislative Attorney Congress created the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program (the program) through the ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10571 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces Overview The Army is the U.S. military s primary ground force. Title 10, Subtitle B, Part I, Chapter 307 of the U.S. Code addresses the organization of the Army. The Marine Corps serves as the Navy s ground-focused fighting force. Title 10, Subtitle C, Part I, Chapter 507, Section 5063 addresses Marine Corps composition ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. 94-834 |
Title
Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities Updated October 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 94-834 Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities Summary Cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) and the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) are based on the rate of inflation as ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10544 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure Overview Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution stipulates, The Congress shall have power ... to raise and support Armies ... make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces ... for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel ...
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| Date Oct. 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF10545 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2024 Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces Overview Special Operations Forces (SOF) are those active duty and reserve component forces of the military services designated by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) and specifically selected, organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Special operations frequently require unique modes of employment, ...
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