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| Date Sept. 18, 2024 |
Report No. R43439 |
Title
Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: Data in Brief and Recent Trends Updated September 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43439 SUMMARY Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: Data in Brief and Recent Trends R43439 September 18, 2024 John J. Topoleski Specialist in Income This report provides data on the percentage of U.S. workers ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IN12425 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 Defense Appropriations: Summary of Funding September 18, 2024 Congress annually determines whether to authorize and/or appropriate funds for the Department of Defense and related activities at amounts greater than, less than, or equal to a presidential administration s requests. The Department of Defense Appropriations Act is one of 12 appropriations measures typically reported by ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF12767 |
Title
September 18, 2024 Immigration Consequences of Unlawful Voting by Aliens Federal immigration laws provide that aliens who have illegally voted in the United States may be either denied admission to or removed from the country. They may also, depending upon their immigration status, face other adverse consequences, including being ineligible for certain forms of relief from removal or other ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF12340 |
Title
Updated September 18, 2024 Guatemala: An Overview Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America, has strived to consolidate its democracy since the 1990s. It has faced many political and social challenges, as well as human rights abuses and widespread impunity. Traditionally, the United States and Guatemala have had close relations, with friction at times over certain issues, such as ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IG10064 |
Title
Agency Budgetary Discretion: Transfers and Reprogramming September 18, 2024 Author Information Taylor N. Riccard Analyst in Government Organization and Management Dominick A. Fiorentino Analyst in Government Organization and Management Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2024 |
Report No. R47097 |
Title
Social Security Administration (SSA): Trends in the Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation Updated September 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47097 SUMMARY Social Security Administration (SSA): Trends in the Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation R47097 September 17, 2024 William R. Morton Analyst in Income ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2024 |
Report No. R48187 |
Title
Social Security Administration (SSA): FY2025 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief September 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48187 SSA: FY2025 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11129 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Religious Discrimination at School: Application of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Updated September 17, 2024 Since the beginning of armed hostilities between Israel and Hamas on October 7, 2023, Congress has focused significant attention on the reaction of students and schools, colleges, and universities to events unfolding in the region. Congressional hearings have been ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12483 |
Title
Updated September 17, 2024 U.S. Arms Transfer Restrictions and AUKUS Cooperation On September 15, 2021, Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership, named AUKUS after the participating countries. The partnership consists of two lines of effort, known as pillars: Pillar One is to provide Australia with a nuclear-powered submarine ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12766 |
Title
September 17, 2024 4.9 GHz Public Safety Band: Competing Views on Use During the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, public safety agencies experienced communication issues. In 2002, citing earlier congressional directives to reallocate spectrum from federal to nonfederal use, and in response to the 9/11 Commission s call for additional public safety spectrum, the Federal Communications ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF11806 |
Title
Updated September 17, 2024 Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population The U.S. foreign-born population consists of individuals living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. In 2023, according to the American Community Survey (ACS), an estimated 47.8 million foreign-born people resided in the United States, representing 14.3% of the total U.S. ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48182 |
Title
Defense Production for Ukraine: Background and Issues for Congress September 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48182 SUMMARY Defense Production for Ukraine: Background and Issues for Congress Since the commencement of Russia s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the U.S. government has engaged in efforts to organize and expand the production of ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R46376 |
Title
House Full Committee Hearings: 107th-117th Congresses Updated September 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46376 SUMMARY House Full Committee Hearings: 107th-117th Congresses This report provides data on the number of full committee hearings conducted by the standing committees of the House of Representatives during the 107th-117th Congresses (2001-2022), as ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IN12422 |
Title
INSIGHTi Preliminary Data on the IRA Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit September 16, 2024 In August 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released preliminary 2023 data on the residential clean energy credit (RCEC) and the energy efficient home improvement credit (EEHIC). The credits were scheduled to expire at the end of 2023 and 2021, respectively, before being reinstated and expanded ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R44780 |
Title
An Introduction to Poverty Measurement Updated September 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44780 An Introduction to Poverty Measurement Summary Poverty measures convey the number or percentage of people falling below given income amounts, which are intended to represent a level of economic privation and are computed using some factually based measurement of ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48183 |
Title
The Estate and Gift Tax: An Overview September 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48183 SUMMARY The Estate and Gift Tax: An Overview The estate tax is imposed on bequests at death, whereas the gift tax applies to inter vivos (during life) gifts. A certain amount of combined estates and gifts $5 million in 2011, indexed for inflation is exempted from taxation ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IN12423 |
Title
INSIGHTi Preliminary Data on the IRA Residential Clean Energy Credit September 16, 2024 In August 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released preliminary 2023 data on the residential clean energy credit (RCEC) and the energy efficient home improvement credit (EEHIC). The credits were scheduled to expire at the end of 2023 and 2021, respectively, before being reinstated and expanded by P.L. ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. R44844 |
Title
SBA s 8(a) Business Development Program: Legislative and Program History Updated September 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44844 SBA s 8(a) Business Development Program: Legislative and Program History Introduction Congress has sought to help small socially and economically disadvantaged business owners overcome barriers to participating in federal ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10558 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Judicial Review Under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) Updated September 16, 2024 Federal agencies administer a wide range of areas by adopting rules, adjudicating disputes and claims, and providing guidance on matters within their purview. Given the potential impact of these agency actions on individual rights, the Supreme Court has recognized a strong presumption that ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11228 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Federal Courts Split on Legality of the FTC s Non-Compete Rule September 16, 2024 In April 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a rule prohibiting most employers from entering into or enforcing non-compete agreements with workers, subject to exceptions for the sale of a business and preexisting non-competes with senior executives. The rule (the Non-Compete Rule) implicates ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IN12421 |
Title
INSIGHTi Preventing Maternal Deaths Reauthorization Act of 2023: Background and Current Status September 16, 2024 Maternal mortality is considered a sentinel health event one that can signal the overall health status and the broader quality or effectiveness of a nation s health system. Despite global progress over the past two decades, maternal deaths have risen in the United States and ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11227 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Effect of Marijuana Rescheduling on FDA s Regulation of Cannabis September 16, 2024 Cannabis and its derivatives are regulated under various federal laws, depending on the particular characteristics and uses of the substance or product. Currently, unless an exception applies, cannabis and its derivatives are legally classified as marijuana, which is a Schedule I controlled ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11229 |
Title
Legal Sidebari SEC v. Jarkesy: Constitutionality of Administrative Enforcement Actions September 16, 2024 Congress frequently delegates to agencies the power to take enforcement actions against parties who do not comply with applicable statutes or regulations that the agencies administer. For decades, Congress has enacted statutes that authorize regulatory agencies to impose civil penalties for ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IN12361 |
Title
INSIGHTi The June 2024 European Parliament Elections: Outcome and Implications Updated September 16, 2024 The 27 member states of the European Union (EU) held elections for the 720 members of the European Parliament (EP) between June 6 and 9, 2024. The only directly elected EU institution, the EP represents the bloc s nearly 450 million citizens and has a role in approving most EU legislation. As ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF12765 |
Title
September 16, 2024 Mexico: Key Issues for the Sheinbaum Administration and U.S.Mexican Relations On October 1, 2024, Mexico a top U.S. partner in trade, security, and migration matters is scheduled to inaugurate Claudia Sheinbaum for a single, six-year presidential term. Sheinbaum a close ally of outgoing President Andr s Manuel L pez Obrador, founder of the of the National Regeneration Movement ( ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R48180 |
Title
Supreme Court Term October 2023: A Review of Selected Major Rulings September 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48180 SUMMARY Supreme Court Term October 2023: A Review of Selected Major Rulings The Supreme Court issued a number of opinions of interest to Congress in the term that began on October 2, 2023. Over the course of the term, the Court decided cases ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R47659 |
Title
Expiration of the 2018 Farm Bill and Extension for 2024 Updated September 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47659 SUMMARY Expiration of the 2018 Farm Bill and Extension for 2024 The farm bill is an omnibus, multiyear law that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. It provides an opportunity for policymakers to address a broad range of ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R47986 |
Title
Freedom of Speech: An Overview Updated September 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47986 SUMMARY Freedom of Speech: An Overview The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of speech, but that protection is not absolute. The Free Speech Clause principally constrains government regulation of private speech. Speech restrictions imposed by ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R46797 |
Title
Finding Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) Payment System Rules: Schedules and Resources Updated September 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46797 SUMMARY Finding Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) Payment System Rules: Schedules and Resources R46797 September 13, 2024 Michele L. Malloy Senior Research Librarian The Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) program pays ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. R48179 |
Title
Tickets for Live Entertainment Events September 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48179 SUMMARY Tickets for Live Entertainment Events R48179 September 13, 2024 Each year, millions of Americans purchase tickets for live entertainment events, such as concerts, theatrical performances, and sporting events. Tickets for live events initially are sold in the Clare ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF11477 |
Title
Updated September 13, 2024 Early Voting and Mail Voting: Overview & Issues for Congress Although voting in person at a polling place on Election Day is the most widespread voting practice, states and localities also offer some or all eligible voters opportunities to vote without going to the polls on Election Day. Sending voters ballots by mail (mail voting) and designating a preElection Day ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF12763 |
Title
September 13, 2024 Class Action Lawsuits: An Introduction The general rule in American litigation is that lawsuits are brought only on behalf of the named parties. The class action mechanism is an exception to that rule that permits one or more named plaintiffs (commonly known as class representatives ) to sue a defendant on their own behalf and as representatives of a larger group of unnamed ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF12764 |
Title
September 13, 2024 The Federal Arbitration Act and Class Action Waivers Arbitration agreements have become ubiquitous and are used in a wide range of contexts, including business-tobusiness contracts, employment contracts, collective bargaining agreements, and consumer contracts. For example, arbitration agreements can be found in contractual terms of service for credit cards, cell phones, online ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF10487 |
Title
Updated September 13, 2024 Turkey (T rkiye)-U.S. Relations: Timeline and Brief Historical Context This timeline tracks major from the beginning of close U.S.-Turkey (T rkiye) ties after World War II to the present. The information provides context for lawmakers assessing the tenor and trajectory of current bilateral relations on issues ranging from general strategic cooperation to timely regional ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. R48177 |
Title
Components of Federal Criminal Law September 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48177 SUMMARY Components of Federal Criminal Law Congress has enacted many federal criminal laws covering topics as diverse as drug trafficking, immigration, assault, computer hacking, bribery, and wildlife trafficking, among others. Congress s continuing interest in establishing ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. R48181 |
Title
Alcohol Excise Taxes: An Overview September 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48181 SUMMARY Alcohol Excise Taxes: An Overview The federal excise tax on alcoholic beverages is imposed at the manufacturer and importer level, based on the per unit production or importation of alcoholic beverages (e.g., distilled spirits, wine, and beer) for sale in the U.S. ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. R48175 |
Title
Commercial Real Estate and the Banking Sector September 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48175 SUMMARY Commercial Real Estate and the Banking Sector Relatively high interest rates and increased telework opportunities have had significant effects on the commercial real estate (CRE) sector, specifically office buildings. High inflation in the years following ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. R44370 |
Title
Smithsonian Institution Museums: Selected Issues for Congress Updated September 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44370 SUMMARY Smithsonian Institution Museums: Selected Issues for Congress The Smithsonian Institution is arguably best known for its museums along the National Mall in Washington, DC. In 2023, Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo received ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. RL33003 |
Title
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations Updated September 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33003 SUMMARY Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. Egypt controls the Suez Canal, which opened in 1869 and is one of the ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. IF12761 |
Title
September 12, 2024 Sports Gambling and Consumer Finance Sports gambling is a common form of gambling where bettors wager on the results of athletic events. Before 2018, sports gambling was illegal in most states. In 2018, the Supreme Court held in Murphy vs. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA, P.L. 102-559) was ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11225 |
Title
Legal Sidebari DOL Final Rule Addressing H-2A Worker Protections and Pending Litigation September 12, 2024 On April 29, 2024, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) published the final rule Improving Protections for Workers in Temporary Agricultural Employment in the United States (the Farmworker Protection Rule ). This rule affects the H-2A visa program, which allows U.S. employers to hire foreign ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11226 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Equal Protection and Race- or Sex-Conscious Government Action: Case Developments September 12, 2024 A number of federal lawsuits have alleged that certain race- or sex-conscious federal programs are unconstitutional on equal protection grounds. Challenged programs include COVID-19 relief programs, admissions programs at service academies, and minority business preferences, among ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. IF12762 |
Title
September 12, 2024 The Macroeconomic Effects of Artificial Intelligence While various forms of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have existed and been used for decades, the recent popularization of AI products such as ChatGPT have spurred further research and debate about how these technologies could impact the economy. AI potentially has wide-ranging uses in the production of goods and ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2024 |
Report No. IG10063 |
Title
Analyzing Constitutionality Under the First Amendment's Free Speech Clause September 12, 2024 Author Information Victoria L. Killion Legislative Attorney Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12420 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Counterspace Capabilities September 11, 2024 What Is Counterspace? Counterspace operations can be either offensive or defensive. Offensive counterspace operations aim to deceive an adversary, disrupt the use of a space system (such as a satellite), temporarily deny the use of a space system, degrade or impair an adversary s space system, or permanently eliminate a space system. ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2024 |
Report No. R44178 |
Title
Patriot Day: Fact Sheet Updated September 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44178 Patriot Day: Fact Sheet n 2001, P.L. 107-89 designated September 11 as Patriot Day to honor the individuals who lost their lives as a result of the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. The law asks the President to issue an annual Proclamation for ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11224 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Moody v. NetChoice, LLC: The Supreme Court Addresses Facial Challenges to State Social Media Laws September 11, 2024 On July 1, 2024, the Supreme Court vacated the judgments in two consolidated First Amendment challenges to state laws that regulate certain online platforms moderation of user-posted content and remanded the cases for further proceedings. The courts of appeals that ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2024 |
Report No. IF11616 |
Title
Updated September 11, 2024 Klamath River Dam Removal and Restoration The Klamath River Basin (Figure 1) a 12,000 square mile area on the California-Oregon border is a focal point for discussions on water allocation and species protection. These issues have generated conflict among farmers, federally recognized tribes (hereinafter, Tribes), fishermen, federal water project and wildlife refuge ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R48173 |
Title
Macroeconomic Theory for Policymakers: An Illustrated Guide September 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48173 Macroeconomic Theory for Policymakers: An Illustrated Guide Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 The Economy and Long-Term Growth ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2024 |
Report No. R47715 |
Title
The United Nations System: Frequently Asked Questions Updated September 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47715 SUMMARY The United Nations System: Frequently Asked Questions R47715 September 10, 2024 Luisa Blanchfield Specialist in International The United Nations (U.N.) system is a group of interconnected entities that includes the United Relations Nations ...
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