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| Date Aug. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF11953 |
Title
Updated August 8, 2024 Evergrande Group and China s Debt Challenges Since 2021, some Members of Congress have raised concerns about the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) s debt levels and the solvency of PRC property developers. The inability of Evergrande Group, China s second largest property developer, to repay its domestic and foreign debt highlights issues related to the structure and ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2024 |
Report No. RS21852 |
Title
The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy Updated August 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21852 SUMMARY The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy RS21852 August 8, 2024 Jeremy M. Sharp Specialist in Middle The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven principalities or emirates. Its Eastern Affairs population is 10 million ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN11790 |
Title
INSIGHTi Afro-descendants of Latin America: Selected Resources Updated August 8, 2024 The United Nations (UN) estimates that approximately 200 million people identifying themselves as being of African descent live in the Americas. Congress has long demonstrated interest in the status of Afro-descendants abroad through its legislation and hearings. Since 1993, the U.S. Department of State includes ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12519 |
Title
Updated August 8, 2024 Funding for Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Congress provides annual appropriations and periodically provides supplemental appropriations for public elementary and secondary schools through many agencies and programs. Of these funds, the largest tranche of federal funding for public elementary and secondary schools is for programs authorized by the Elementary and ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11215 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Private Equity Investments in Health Care: Selected Enforcement Issues August 8, 2024 A 2021 report from the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) found that private equity investments in health care substantially expanded in the preceding 20 years, particularly with respect to acquisitions of health care providers, including hospitals, physician groups, and nursing homes. ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12733 |
Title
August 7, 2024 Extreme Heat and Climate Change Scientific consensus supports a causal relationship between increasing global temperatures and the incidence of extreme heat. Extreme heat can have a range of serious consequences, with record-breaking temperatures and heatwaves occurring in recent years. For example, global temperature datasets from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12732 |
Title
August 7, 2024 The Cybersecurity for Small Business Pilot Program Although cybercrimes against large companies often attract attention, criminals also frequently attack small businesses online. One 2022 report found that an average employee at a small business will be the target of 350% more social engineering cyberattacks (where individuals are manipulated into sharing information) than an ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12452 |
Title
Updated August 7, 2024 U.S. Sanctions on Iran Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the United States has used sanctions of various types as key tools of U.S. policy toward the government of Iran. The U.S. government uses sanctions to deter, constrain, and encourage change in the adversarial behavior of the Iranian regime, including its support for international terrorism, nuclear and missile ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R47721 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2024 Appropriations Updated August 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47721 SUMMARY U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2024 Appropriations R47721 August 6, 2024 Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin The United States provides foreign assistance to Latin American and Caribbean ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R48149 |
Title
Critical Minerals and Materials for Selected Energy Technologies August 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48149 SUMMARY Critical Minerals and Materials for Selected Energy Technologies R48149 August 6, 2024 Emma Kaboli Analyst in Energy Policy Partly in response to rising global temperatures, domestic and international policymakers have pursued alternative ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2024 |
Report No. R48134 |
Title
Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) Updated August 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48134 SUMMARY Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) R48134 August 6, 2024 Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy This report describes actions to provide FY2025 ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12731 |
Title
August 6, 2024 Federal Agricultural Assistance for Extreme Heat The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported June 2023 to May 2024 as 12 consecutive months of record-high monthly average global surface temperatures (Figure 1). The U.S. Global Change Research Program s Fifth National Climate Assessment reported, it is very likely that heatwaves will increase in frequency, ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12158 |
Title
Updated August 6, 2024 U.S. Immigration Courts: Access to Counsel in Removal Proceedings and Legal Access Programs Immigration courts are administered by the Department of Justice s Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR). During removal proceedings in immigration courts, immigration judges (IJs) determine whether individuals (respondents) charged with an immigration violation by the ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN11187 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Assistance Updated August 6, 2024 Introduction The majority of funding in the United States for both pre- and post-disaster mitigation comes from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which defines mitigation as any sustained action to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R48088 |
Title
Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant: Overview and Issues for Congress Updated August 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48088 SUMMARY Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant: Overview and Issues for Congress R48088 August 5, 2024 Alexandria K. Mickler Analyst in Health Policy The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services Block Grant program ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IN11810 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works: Primer and Resources Updated August 5, 2024 Congress plays a role in the nation s water resource development through authorization and appropriations of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) projects and activities. USACE is a Department of Defense (DOD) agency that develops civil works projects principally to improve navigable channels, reduce ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R48148 |
Title
Coastal Blue Carbon as a Carbon Dioxide Removal Approach: Selected Issues for Congress August 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48148 SUMMARY Coastal Blue Carbon as a Carbon Dioxide Removal Approach: Selected Issues for Congress Recent Congresses and Administrations have shown increased interest in the ability of certain coastal and marine ecosystems to reduce ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF12685 |
Title
Updated August 5, 2024 Title V State Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Block Grants Overview Title V of the Social Security Act (SSA; P.L. 74-121, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 701-709) permanently authorizes the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services Block Grant, which aims to improve the health of pregnant women, mothers, and children, particularly those with low-income or limited access to health ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10932 |
Title
Updated August 5, 2024 Argentina: An Overview Located on the Atlantic coast of South America s Southern Cone, Argentina is the third-largest economy in Latin America (after Brazil and Mexico). U.S.-Argentina relations have traditionally been strong, and many Members of Congress maintain interest in security and commercial ties, among other aspects of the relationship. Argentina at a Glance Capital ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2024 |
Report No. R47162 |
Title
Overview of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance Updated August 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47162 SUMMARY Overview of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance Congress has authorized and appropriated funding for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) environmental infrastructure (EI) ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF12729 |
Title
August 2, 2024 Conveying Unneeded Federal Real Property to Tribal Entities: Background and Issues for Congress The General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for the government-wide procurement of federal goods and services and the acquisition, management, and disposal of federal real property. Federal real property generally includes all federally owned buildings, structures, and land, ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IN12401 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: TRICARE Coverage of Gender-Affirming Care August 2, 2024 Background The Department of Defense (DOD) administers a statutory health entitlement (under Title 10, Chapter 55, of the U.S. Code), through the Military Health System (MHS). The MHS offers health care benefits and services through its TRICARE program to approximately 9.5 million beneficiaries composed of ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IN12354 |
Title
INSIGHTi Venezuela s 2024 Presidential Election Updated August 2, 2024 On July 28, 2024, Venezuela held presidential elections that most international observers, including the U.S. Department of State, concluded did not meet international standards. Many observers, including the U.S. Administration, allege that the government of President Nicol s Maduro failed to uphold the democratic standards ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF11631 |
Title
Updated August 2, 2024 Financial Inclusion: Access to Bank Accounts Most U.S. consumers choose to open a bank account, such as a checking or savings account, because it is considered a safe and secure way to store money, particularly as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures up to $250,000 per depositor against an institution s failure. In addition, consumers gain access to ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF10766 |
Title
Updated August 2, 2024 Transnational Crime Issues: INTERPOL The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO)INTERPOL is the world s largest international police organization. Its purpose is to enable cooperation on crime fighting and prevention matters worldwide. Congress authorized the United States to be an INTERPOL member in 1938 (22 U.S.C. 263a) and has long maintained interest in several ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2024 |
Report No. R46471 |
Title
Federally Supported Projects and Programs for Wastewater, Drinking Water, and Water Supply Infrastructure Updated August 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46471 SUMMARY Federally Supported Projects and Programs for Wastewater, Drinking Water, and Water Supply Infrastructure R46471 August 1, 2024 Jonathan L. Ramseur, Coordinator Acting Section Research Manager ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2024 |
Report No. R48147 |
Title
Chief Information Officers (CIOs): Agency Roles and Responsibilities August 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48147 SUMMARY Chief Information Officers (CIOs): Agency Roles and Responsibilities In the course of fulfilling their missions, federal agencies constantly consume, create, use, and store information from a variety of sources, media formats, and ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN12400 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Reproductive Health Care Provisions August 1, 2024 Background The Department of Defense (DOD) administers a health entitlement (under Title 10, Chapter 55, of the U.S. Code) through the Military Health System (MHS). The MHS offers health benefits and services through its TRICARE program to approximately 9.5 million beneficiaries composed of servicemembers, military retirees, ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN12399 |
Title
INSIGHTi Canada s Digital Services Tax Act: Issues Facing Congress August 1, 2024 In June 2024, the Canadian government enacted Bill C-59, which included a 3% digital services tax (DST) retroactive to January 1, 2022 on certain revenue of large digital services providers active in, for example, online marketplaces, online advertising, social media platforms, and the sale or licensing of user data. ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12435 |
Title
Updated August 1, 2024 Secondary Cockpit Barriers for Airline Aircraft For the past two decades, there has been continuing policy interest in enhancing airline in-flight security with secondary cockpit barriers. A secondary cockpit barrier, also known as an installed physical secondary barrier (IPSB), typically consists of a lockable gate constructed of metal rods, bars, and cables or similar ...
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| Date July 31, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11214 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Circuit Splits from July 2024 July 31, 2024 The U.S. Courts of Appeals for the thirteen circuits issue thousands of precedential decisions each year. Because relatively few of these decisions are ultimately reviewed by the Supreme Court, the U.S. Courts of Appeals are often the last word on consequential legal questions. The federal appellate courts ...
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| Date July 31, 2024 |
Report No. IF12725 |
Title
July 31, 2024 Presidential Transitions: A Brief Summary of the Presidential Transition Act This In Focus provides a brief summary of the provisions of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended (PTA). For a discussion of the PTA and associated statutes in greater depth, see CRS Report R46602, Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding. The constitutional transfer of power and ...
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| Date July 31, 2024 |
Report No. IF12726 |
Title
July 31, 2024 Presidential Transitions: Executive Clemency In Section 2 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (as amended; 3 U.S.C. 102 note), Congress declared that [t]he national interest requires that [presidential] transitions be accomplished so as to assure continuity in the faithful execution of the laws and in the conduct of the affairs of the Federal Government, both foreign and ...
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| Date July 31, 2024 |
Report No. R48146 |
Title
Biodiversity and Conservation in Tanzania July 31, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48146 SUMMARY Biodiversity and Conservation in Tanzania Tanzania is rich in biodiversity and is home to several iconic species, including elephants, lions, black rhinoceros, and giraffes. Tanzania hosts 6 of 25 globally designated biodiversity hotspots and has protected or ...
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| Date July 31, 2024 |
Report No. IF12727 |
Title
July 31, 2024 Earned Wage Access Products For many people, the need for cash in between paychecks is a substantial burden. Earned wage access (EWA) products have generally been developed by technology-focused, nonbank financial technology companies (or fintechs ) to provide wages to workers upon demand. EWA products may help individuals manage their personal cash flows arguably at a lower cost and ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. R48145 |
Title
Legislative Branch: FY2025 Appropriations July 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48145 SUMMARY Legislative Branch: FY2025 Appropriations The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Congressional Workplace Rights; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. TE10106 |
Title
Statement of Elizabeth Rybicki Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Before Rules and Administration Committee U.S. Senate Hearing on Senate Procedures to Confirm Nominees July 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10106 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairwoman Klobuchar, Ranking Member Fischer, and members of the Committee, I am honored to have ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. TE10105 |
Title
Statement of Sean M. Stiff Legislative Attorney Before Rules and Administration Committee U.S. Senate Hearing on Senate Procedures to Confirm Nominees July 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10105 Congressional Research Service 1 C hairwoman Klobuchar, Ranking Member Fischer, and Members of the Committee: My name is Sean Stiff, and I am a legislative attorney ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12724 |
Title
July 30, 2024 Executive Orders and Presidential Transitions Since at least the Administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the concept of a President s first 100 days has been a touchstone for evaluation of presidential effectiveness and places at least some pressure on incoming Administrations to act quickly on their campaign commitments and other priorities. Executive orders have developed into one ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12397 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2025 NDAA: Department of Defense Acquisition Policy July 30, 2024 The Defense Acquisition System (DAS) develops and maintains the process through which the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) develops and buys goods and services from contractors. The process is based on statute and regulation. The process includes design, engineering, construction, testing, deployment, sustainment, and ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12347 |
Title
Updated July 30, 2024 Digital Trade and Data Policy: Key Issues Facing Congress Digital trade includes trade in all goods and services for which orders are placed digitally. E-commerce generally refers to digitally ordered goods. Services that are digitally ordered may also be delivered digitally (e.g., online banking) or provided through a subscription (e.g., streaming or cloud services). Cross- ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12723 |
Title
July 30, 2024 Presidential Transitions: Midnight Rulemaking Midnight Rulemaking Overview During the final months of presidential Administrations, federal agencies have often increased the pace of their regulatory activities. This phenomenon is often referred to as midnight rulemaking. Because it can be a challenge to change or eliminate rules after they have been finalized, issuing midnight rules ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12720 |
Title
July 30, 2024 Political-to-Career Conversions ( Burrowing In ) Some individuals who are serving in appointed (noncareer) positions in the executive branch convert to career positions in the competitive service, the Senior Executive Service (SES), or the excepted service. This practice, commonly referred to as burrowing in, is permissible when laws and regulations governing career appointments are ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12721 |
Title
July 30, 2024 Presidential Transitions: Executive Branch Political Appointment Status The status of incumbent political appointees during presidential transitions has often been of interest to Congress. In some instances, appointees of an outgoing President have continued to serve into a new Administration. These appointees might not share the new President s policy preferences or readily ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12722 |
Title
July 30, 2024 Presidential and Federal Records: Transition Considerations At the conclusion of a presidency, both the President and the Administration have likely generated millions of government records that document the actions and decisionmaking processes of the executive branch and may be of long-term interest to Congress, federal agencies, incoming Presidents, researchers, and members of the ...
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| Date July 30, 2024 |
Report No. IG10060 |
Title
The Creation of Presidential Records July 30, 2024 Author Information Meghan M. Stuessy Analyst in Government Organization and Management Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information ...
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| Date July 29, 2024 |
Report No. R45154 |
Title
Lame Duck Sessions of Congress, 1935-2022 (74th-117th Congresses) Updated July 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45154 Lame Duck Sessions of Congress, 1935-2022 (74th-117th Congresses) Summary A lame duck session of Congress occurs whenever one Congress meets after its successor is elected but before the end of its own constitutional term. Under present ...
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| Date July 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF10732 |
Title
Updated July 29, 2024 Federal Assistance for Wildfire Response and Recovery Wildfires are unplanned fires. Wildfires may be caused by natural phenomena (i.e., lightning strikes) or by deliberate or accidental human activities. Wildfires occur naturally, and many ecosystems evolved in the presence of wildfire, meaning wildfires cannot be entirely prevented and may have beneficial impacts. However, ...
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| Date July 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48143 |
Title
Ownership of Retirement Accounts in 2022: Amounts in Defined Contribution Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts July 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48143 Ownership of Retirement Accounts in 2022: Amounts in DC Plans and IRAs Contents Introduction ...
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| Date July 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12384 |
Title
Updated July 29, 2024 Federal Interagency Wildfire Response Framework Wildfires are unplanned fires in vegetated landscapes. Where a wildfire begins determines jurisdiction for wildfire response. Because wildfires often cross jurisdictional boundaries and may impact nearby communities, there is an established framework for interagency coordination for wildfire response activities. This framework ...
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