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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11177 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 3 June 9, 2024) June 11, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. IF10540 |
Title
Updated June 11, 2024 Defense Primer: Reserve Forces The term reserve component (RC) refers collectively to the seven individual reserve components of the Armed Forces. Congress exercises authority over the reserve components under its constitutional authority to raise and support Armies, to provide and maintain a Navy, and to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia. (Article ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. IF10049 |
Title
Updated June 11, 2024 Exchange Rates and Currency Manipulation At various points over the past two decades, some Members of Congress have expressed concerns that other countries are engaging in currency manipulation that is, purposefully using exchange rate policies to gain an unfair trade advantage. There are broad debates among economists and policymakers about currency manipulation, including ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. IG10055 |
Title
Timing of the President s Budget Submission to Congress: FY2010-FY2025 June 11, 2024 Author Information Taylor N. Riccard Analyst in Government Organization and Management Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. R47664 |
Title
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2024 Appropriations Updated June 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47664 SUMMARY Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2024 Appropriations R47664 June 10, 2024 Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill often ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. R47884 |
Title
Identifying Minors Online Updated June 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47884 SUMMARY Identifying Minors Online Concerns about potential harms to minors on the internet, particularly on social media platforms, have grown in recent years. Dating to the 1990s, policymakers have enacted legislation seeking to protect minors online, some of which create ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. R48086 |
Title
Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy of Electric Vehicles: In Brief Updated June 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48086 Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy of Electric Vehicles: In Brief Contents Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Petroleum-Equivalent ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12396 |
Title
Updated June 10, 2024 Forest Service: FY2024 Appropriations The Forest Service (FS) is responsible for managing 193 million acres of land in the National Forest System (NFS), conducting forestry research, and providing assistance to state, local, private, and international forest owners. The FS is an agency within the Department of Agriculture, but it receives discretionary appropriations through ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12398 |
Title
Updated June 10, 2024 Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2024 Appropriations for the Forest Service and Department of the Interior The U.S. Department of Agriculture s Forest Service (FS) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) are responsible for wildfire response and management across federal lands within their respective jurisdictions. Both the FS and DOI generally receive discretionary ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12277 |
Title
Updated June 10, 2024 Russia s War on Ukraine: U.S. Policy and the Role of Congress On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a country Russia first invaded in 2014 and has partially occupied for a decade. The war has led to hundreds of thousands of killed or wounded, according to U.S. and other estimates, and the displacement of more than nine million people as of ...
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| Date June 10, 2024 |
Report No. IF12686 |
Title
June 10, 2024 India s 2024 National Election Overview and Results The United States has been developing a strategic partnership with the Republic of India for two decades, and the U.S. Congress has broadly supported that engagement. Reflecting an interest in democracy and human rights in India, some Members of Congress have raised questions about how Modi s continued political dominance and Hindu- ...
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| Date June 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48087 |
Title
Appropriations Duration of Availability: OneYear, Multi-Year, and No-Year Funds June 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48087 SUMMARY Appropriations Duration of Availability: OneYear, Multi-Year, and No-Year Funds R48087 June 7, 2024 Drew C. Aherne Analyst on Congress and Controlling the duration for which funds are available to agencies is one of the ways ...
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| Date June 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48089 |
Title
Columbia River System Operations and the Future of the Lower Snake River Dams June 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48089 SUMMARY Columbia River System Operations and the Future of the Lower Snake River Dams Congress has repeatedly engaged in debates on how to operate and allocate resources from federal projects such as multipurpose federal dams to serve ...
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| Date June 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48090 |
Title
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Frequently Asked Questions June 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48090 SUMMARY Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Frequently Asked Questions This report is divided into an introduction and four discussion sections, each of which addresses a set of questions related to one of four key topics for EGS. R48090 June 7, 2024 ...
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| Date June 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12684 |
Title
June 7, 2024 Department of Energy s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI) Background The Department of Energy s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI) can trace its origins to the Second World War, when the U.S. government sought to collect intelligence on German efforts to develop a nuclear weapon while safeguarding the secrecy of its own Manhattan Project. OICI s ...
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| Date June 7, 2024 |
Report No. IN12374 |
Title
INSIGHTi South Africa s May 2024 Elections June 7, 2024 South Africa held national and provincial elections on May 29, 2024. After a two-decade decline in voter support, the African National Congress (ANC) lost its National Assembly (NA) majority and, as the NA elects the president, its unitary control over the executive branch. The ANC had held that majority since the first racially inclusive ...
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| Date June 7, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11176 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Suspending the Tax-Exempt Status of Terrorist and Terrorist Supporting Organizations: H.R. 6408 in Context June 7, 2024 H.R. 6408 would establish a process for suspending the tax-exempt status of organizations if the Secretary of the Treasury designates them as terrorist supporting organizations. The suspended organizations would then be subject to income tax and unable to receive ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. R44721 |
Title
Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress Updated June 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44721 SUMMARY Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress R44721 June 6, 2024 R. Sam Garrett Specialist in American National Government Puerto Rico lies approximately 1,000 miles ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. R47788 |
Title
Section 1071: Small Business Lending Data Collection and Reporting Updated June 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47788 SUMMARY Section 1071: Small Business Lending Data Collection and Reporting Small businesses are owned by and employ a wide variety of entrepreneurs skilled trade technicians, farmers, medical professionals, financial consultants, technology ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. R46816 |
Title
The Minority Business Development Agency: An Overview of Its History and Programs Updated June 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46816 SUMMARY The Minority Business Development Agency: An Overview of Its History and Programs The Department of Commerce s Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is the lead federal agency dedicated to assisting minority ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. R47226 |
Title
Federal Contracting by Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues Updated June 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47226 SUMMARY Federal Contracting by Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues R47226 June 6, 2024 R. Corinne Blackford Analyst in Small Business and Economic Development ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF11792 |
Title
Updated June 6, 2024 Statehood Process and Political Status of U.S. Territories: Brief Policy Background Proposals to admit new states to the union are as old as the republic. A larger United States was contemplated at least as early as 1787, with enactment of the Northwest Ordinance, which addressed territorial expansion, even before the first states ratified the U.S. Constitution later in 1787. ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF10430 |
Title
Updated June 6, 2024 Panama: Country Overview and U.S. Relations Panama s central location in the Americas (linking North and South America), large financial sector, use of the U.S. dollar as currency, and transportation infrastructure especially the Panama Canal make the country a global trade hub. Panama is in the midst of a political transition following general elections on May 5, 2024, as ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN12313 |
Title
INSIGHTi Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Contracting Program Changes Updated June 6, 2024 Annual Contracting Goal Increase The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31), enacted December 22, 2023, increased the federal government s annual goal for contract awards to Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSBs). Per Section 863 of the ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN12356 |
Title
INSIGHTi Mexico s 2024 Elections Updated June 6, 2024 On June 2, 2024, Mexico, a top U.S. trade and strategic partner, convened elections for federal, state, and local offices, including the presidency, both chambers of congress, and nine governorships. Preliminary results indicate a decisive victory for the ruling National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), created by outgoing President Andr s ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. R44076 |
Title
Independence Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Updated June 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44076 Independence Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Introduction Independence Day, often called the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday recognizing the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. This guide is designed to assist congressional offices ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF11175 |
Title
Updated June 6, 2024 U.S.-Mexico Trade Relations The 118th Congress is engaged in a range of legislative and oversight activities related to trade policy toward Mexico, which in 2023 became the largest U.S. trade partner. Mexico is also of interest to Congress because of its proximity to the United States and the extensive bilateral trade and investment relationship under the U.S.-MexicoCanada ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF10600 |
Title
Updated June 6, 2024 Defense Primer: Department of Defense Contractors Throughout its history, the Department of Defense (DOD) has relied on contractors to support a wide range of military operations. Within the defense policy community, the term contractor is commonly used in two different contexts. The word can describe the private companies, academic institutions, and other entities with which ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12449 |
Title
Updated June 6, 2024 Connecting Constituents with Federal Assistance for Businesses Federal agencies assist businesses through a number of credit and technical assistance programs. With some exceptions, the federal government typically does not award grants for starting or expanding a for-profit business. Exceptions include certain federal grants that may be available for businesses involved in ...
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| Date June 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12683 |
Title
June 6, 2024 Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act: An Overview In 2006, Congress enacted the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA; P.L. 109-417), which authorized a suite of programs and authorities within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to focus on public health emergency preparedness and response. Congress has reauthorized PAHPA twice, in 2013 and in 2019, both ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. R48083 |
Title
The U.S.-Mexico Genetically Engineered Corn Dispute June 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48083 SUMMARY The U.S.-Mexico Genetically Engineered Corn Dispute R48083 June 5, 2024 Benjamin Tsui Analyst in Agricultural In August 2023, the United States requested a dispute settlement panel under the United StatesPolicy Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) concerning ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. R46322 |
Title
The Women-Owned Small Business Contract Program: Legislative and Program History Updated June 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46322 SUMMARY The Women-Owned Small Business Contract Program: Legislative and Program History The Small Business Administration s (SBA s) Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Federal Contract program is designed to provide greater ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10527 |
Title
Updated June 5, 2024 U.S. Intelligence Community Establishment Provisions The concept of a unified U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) consisting of integrated component departments and agencies began to take shape after World War II, in part through the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency. Before this, U.S. intelligence organizations had existed within the military services and largely ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF12681 |
Title
June 5, 2024 Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders Treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) typically involves pharmacological or psychosocial therapies. For instance, certain medications are used in treatment for alcohol, tobacco, or opioid use. Meanwhile, for substances such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana, there are no comparable Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF12682 |
Title
June 5, 2024 Electoral College Overview When Americans vote for President in the general election, they select electors who will choose the nation s chief executive. Voters thus play an important role in electing the President, but a second step is required to finalize that choice. The U.S. Constitution places responsibility for the second step in a body known as the electoral college. This In ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11174 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Legal Implications of Former President Donald Trump s Conviction in New York State Court: Frequently Asked Questions June 5, 2024 On May 30, 2024, former President Trump was convicted in New York state court of 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree in violation of New York Penal Law 175.10. The conviction stems from a grand jury s indictment charging ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11175 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Education Department Finalizes New Title IX Regulations: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity June 5, 2024 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits sex discrimination in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. In updated regulations, the Department of Education (ED) has defined the scope of sex discrimination under Title IX to include ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. TE10102 |
Title
Statement of Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy Before Ways and Means Committee Subcommittee on Social Security U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on The Social Security Trust Funds in 2024 and Beyond June 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10102 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Ferguson, Ranking Member Larson, and Members of the Subcommittee ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48082 |
Title
Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP): Drought and Wildfire Assistance June 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48082 SUMMARY Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP): Drought and Wildfire Assistance R48082 June 4, 2024 Christine Whitt Analyst Agricultural Policy Many producers raising livestock, such as beef or dairy cattle, depend on forage for grazing. ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12373 |
Title
INSIGHTi Regional Economic Performance Since the Pandemic June 4, 2024 The current economic expansion has been characterized by above-average employment growth, historically low unemployment, and economic growth comparable to the previous two expansions (but slower than earlier expansions). (For more information, see CRS Report R48054, State of the U.S. Economy: Policy Issues in the 118th ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48050 |
Title
Regulation of Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety: Overview and Issues for Congress Updated June 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48050 SUMMARY Regulation of Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety: Overview and Issues for Congress Commercial human spaceflight is a nascent but growing industry, and that is reflected in how the safety of the industry is regulated. ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF10685 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Officers Grade and Rank The Armed Forces are hierarchical organizations with clearly defined levels of authority. The different levels for officers are defined in law and called grades, while rank refers to the order of precedence among those in different grades and within the same grade (e.g., someone who has been a Major for three years outranks ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11751 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2024 Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy The Federal Reserve (Fed), the nation s central bank, is responsible for monetary policy. This In Focus explains how monetary policy works. Typically, when the Fed wants to stimulate the economy, it makes policy more expansionary by reducing short-term interest rates. When it wants to make policy more contractionary or tighter, it ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11147 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Recruiting Congressional Role The Constitution provides Congress with broad powers over the Armed Forces, including the power To raise and support Armies and To provide and maintain a Navy. In the exercise of this authority, Congress has historically shown interest in military recruiting, which is critical to maintaining a fully manned ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF12680 |
Title
June 4, 2024 The Board of Veterans Appeals: A Brief Introduction The Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA or Board) hears appeals of claimants dissatisfied with the initial decision on a claim for benefits or reimbursement filed with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The BVA provides the highest level of appellate review within VA. This In Focus describes the BVA s creation, jurisdiction, ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R42785 |
Title
Veterans Educational Assistance Programs and Benefits: A Primer Updated June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42785 SUMMARY Veterans Educational Assistance Programs and Benefits: A Primer R42785 June 3, 2024 Cassandria Dortch Specialist in Education The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), previously named the Veterans Administration, Policy has been ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48081 |
Title
Sources of Federal Funding for Health Care Facilities: Frequently Asked Questions June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48081 SUMMARY Sources of Federal Funding for Health Care Facilities: Frequently Asked Questions Health facilities, including hospitals, may face a number of financial challenges. In recent years, some hospitals have reported that financial ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48079 |
Title
Land Disposal Authorities and Processes of the Bureau of Land Management June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48079 SUMMARY Land Disposal Authorities and Processes of the Bureau of Land Management Congress has provided various statutory authorities to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), within the Department of the Interior, to dispose of federal lands ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. RL34751 |
Title
Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments Updated June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34751 Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments Summary The military retirement system is a government-funded, noncontributory, defined benefit system that has historically been viewed as a significant incentive in retaining a career military ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11173 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 28 June 2, 2024) June 3, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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