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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IN12372 |
Title
INSIGHTi PPBE Reform Commission Final Report Recommendations: Issues for Congress May 31, 2024 In March 2024, the Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform issued its final report for improving the budget development process of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The commission made 28 recommendations, some with multiple parts, across five critical areas. ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IN12371 |
Title
INSIGHTi Integrating Federal Estimates of Income, Consumption, and Wealth: Policy Issues May 31, 2024 In March 2024, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released an expert panel report on income, consumption, and wealth statistics. The report offered guidance on modernizing statistical processes to support research and evidence-based policies, as well as improving ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IG10054 |
Title
Campaign Finance Law and the U.S. Supreme Court May 31, 2024 Author Information L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney Amanda M. Black Paralegal Specialist Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12678 |
Title
May 30, 2024 Bank Resilience and Regulatory Improvement Act (H.R. 8337) On May 16, 2024, the House Financial Services Committee ordered an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 8337 to be reported. The bill would provide various forms of regulatory relief to banks, as discussed in this In Focus. In addition, the bill has two sections related to issues raised by the failure of three large ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12671 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2024 NOAA s Commercial Data Program: Background and Considerations for Congress Since 1970, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has operated satellites to collect environmental and weather data from space. With the rapid growth of the U.S. commercial space industry, both Congress and various Administrations (e.g., the 2010 and 2020 National Space Policies) ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12369 |
Title
INSIGHTi Restrictions on the Use of Journalists for Intelligence Purposes May 30, 2024 This CRS Insight provides background and issues facing Congress concerning U.S. restrictions on the use of journalists for intelligence purposes. Congress may examine whether existing statutory provisions sufficiently protect overseas U.S. journalists and others from a perception by adversarial governments of an ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12164 |
Title
INSIGHTi Overview of Tribal Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program Financing Updated May 30, 2024 All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and certain tribal nations operate Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs pursuant to Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (SSA). The program is federally administered by the Office of Child Support Services (OCSS ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF11808 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2024 The Internal Revenue Service s Free File Program (FFP): Current Status and Policy Issues The Internal Revenue Service first allowed individual income tax returns to be filed electronically (e-filed) through a pilot program involving five tax preparers during the 1986 tax filing season. Since then, e-filing has grown to the point that 97% of individual tax returns for the 2022 ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R44981 |
Title
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) Updated May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44981 SUMMARY The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) R44981 May 29, 2024 M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force on July 1, 2020, replacing the North American Free Trade ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R45210 |
Title
Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 19652024 Updated May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45210 SUMMARY Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 19652024 The farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years. Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48076 |
Title
Motorized Recreation on Federal Lands May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48076 SUMMARY Motorized Recreation on Federal Lands The growing and diverse nature of recreation on federal lands has increased the challenge of balancing different types of recreation with each other and with other land uses. In particular, motorized recreation has been controversial ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12370 |
Title
INSIGHTi Defense Primer: 80th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944 May 29, 2024 On June 6, 1944, military forces from the United States and several other countries (known together as the Allied Forces) crossed the English Channel to Normandy, France, during World War II (WWII), in what is considered the largest amphibious assault in history. This date, known as D-Day, marks the beginning of the ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48077 |
Title
Judiciary Appropriations, FY2024 May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48077 SUMMARY Judiciary Appropriations, FY2024 Funds for the judicial branch are included annually in the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill. The bill provides funding for the U.S. Supreme Court; the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; the U.S. ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12679 |
Title
May 29, 2024 The Biden Administration s New Restrictions on Firearms Sales Federal firearms policies and changes to firearms regulations are subjects of ongoing congressional interest. The Biden Administration made several recent changes to firearms regulations, including those that affect licensing and associated requirements to perform background checks and those that govern private gun sales ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12302 |
Title
Updated May 29, 2024 U.S.-European Relations in the 118th Congress An Evolving Relationship Since the end of World War II, the United States and Europe have forged a wide-ranging partnership. Often termed the transatlantic relationship, the U.S.-European partnership encompasses the 32-member North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), relations with the 27-member European Union (EU), and extensive ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12458 |
Title
Updated May 29, 2024 The SBA s 8(a) Business Development Program Background Definition of Socially Disadvantaged Through the 8(a) Business Development Program, Congress aims to help small socially and economically disadvantaged business owners overcome barriers to participating in federal contracting. The program, established under Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act in 1978, gives explicit ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11172 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Hur Tapes and the President s Claim of Executive Privilege May 29, 2024 President Biden has asserted executive privilege over audio recordings of an interview he gave to Special Counsel Robert Hur (the Hur tapes ) that are being sought by the House Judiciary and House Oversight and Accountability Committees (the Committees) as part of their ongoing impeachment investigation. The ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12676 |
Title
May 29, 2024 Sanctions in the FY2024 Emergency Supplemental Appropriation, P.L. 118-50 Introduction President Biden signed P.L. 118-50, Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes, into law on April 24, 2024. Division D, the 21st Century Peace Through Strength Act, and subsequent divisions of P.L. 118-50 consist of provisions ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12677 |
Title
Updated May 29, 2024 Maldives: Background and Issues Facing Congress Background The Republic of Maldives is an archipelagic nation of approximately 515,000 people located in the Indian Ocean near strategic sea lanes southwest of Sri Lanka. About 188 of Maldives 1,192 low-lying coral islands are inhabited. Maldives has been extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change and sea level rise. ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN11777 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Flood Insurance Program Risk Rating 2.0: Frequently Asked Questions Updated May 28, 2024 This Insight answers some frequently asked questions about Risk Rating 2.0, which came fully into effect on April 1, 2022, changing the way the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) calculates flood insurance premiums. For additional information, see CRS Report R45999, National Flood ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF12370 |
Title
Updated May 28, 2024 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2024 Appropriations Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and the operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure and navigation ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11171 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 20 May 27, 2024) May 28, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. R48016 |
Title
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Inter Partes Review Updated May 28, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48016 SUMMARY The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Inter Partes Review The 2011 Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) is widely viewed as the most significant patent statute enacted by Congress in over 50 years. Although the AIA made many important changes ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11169 |
Title
Legal Sidebari HHS Finalizes Rule Addressing Section 1557 of the ACA s Incorporation of Title IX May 28, 2024 On May 6, 2024, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through its Office for Civil Rights (OCR), issued a final rule implementing Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Through reference to another law, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX), Section ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN10965 |
Title
INSIGHTi The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Reinsurance, and Catastrophe Bonds Updated May 28, 2024 Insurance transfers risk from one entity who does not want to bear that risk to another entity that does. An initial insurance purchase, such as homeowners buying a policy to cover damage to their home, is often only the first transfer of that risk. The initial (or primary) insurer may ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN11696 |
Title
INSIGHTi Climate Change, Slow-Onset Disasters, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency Updated May 28, 2024 FEMA and Climate Change The United States is already experiencing certain effects of climate change, including high temperature extremes and heavy precipitation events. The U.S. Global Change Research Program, among other bodies, expects these trends to continue and intensify, likely ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN12193 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) Updated May 28, 2024 Flooding is the most frequent and costly natural disaster facing the nation, and floodplain policy has particular relevance for infrastructure and the federal government s exposure to flood losses and demand for disaster assistance. The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) is a mechanism for federal agencies ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN12368 |
Title
INSIGHTi Georgia s Parliament Passes Transparency of Foreign Influence Law May 28, 2024 On May 28, 2024, the Georgian parliament overrode (via a simple majority) President Salome Zourabichvili s veto and passed a law titled On Transparency of Foreign Influence (Zourabichvili is a political independent). The legislation, which the U.S. Department of State has called Kremlin-inspired, was introduced ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11170 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Courts Disagree as to Whether the Federal Felon-in-Possession Firearm Prohibition Violates the Second Amendment May 28, 2024 There is growing disagreement among the federal appeals courts as to whether the federal ban on individuals convicted of a felony possessing firearms, found at 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(1) and commonly known as the felon-in-possession prohibition, violates the Second ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN11911 |
Title
INSIGHTi Floodplain Buyouts: Federal Funding for Property Acquisition Updated May 28, 2024 Flooding is the most frequent natural disaster in the United States and experts expect effects to intensify in the future. A floodplain buyout is a property acquisition in which a government agency purchases private property, relocates or demolishes any structures on it, and preserves the land as open space. ...
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| Date May 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF11218 |
Title
Updated May 28, 2024 Ecuador: Country Overview and U.S. Relations Ecuador is an ethnically and geographically diverse country of 18.5 million people, encompassing portions of South America s Pacific coast, Amazon Basin, and Andean highlands. Guayaquil, a major port city, has become a transit hub for cocaine trafficked from neighboring Colombia and Peru, the world s largest cocaine producers (see ...
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| Date May 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12674 |
Title
May 24, 2024 Americans Investment Options in Capital Markets for Retirement One of the main ways Americans prepare for retirement is to invest in various financial assets. Their investment options include investing directly in stocks, bonds, and investment funds through individual brokerage accounts and investing indirectly through pension funds that invest on behalf of employees. This In Focus ...
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| Date May 24, 2024 |
Report No. R47627 |
Title
Electricity Transmission Permitting Reform Proposals Updated May 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47627 SUMMARY Electricity Transmission Permitting Reform Proposals R47627 May 24, 2024 Ashley J. Lawson Specialist in Energy Policy Permitting reform has been a topic of debate in the 118th Congress. One aspect of this debate addresses the processes for planning ...
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| Date May 24, 2024 |
Report No. R48075 |
Title
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42): Medicaid and Medicare Provisions May 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48075 SUMMARY Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42): Medicaid and Medicare Provisions The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (CAA 2024; P.L. 118-42), enacted on March 9, 2024, provides appropriations to federal agencies ...
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| Date May 24, 2024 |
Report No. R47390 |
Title
Kuwait: Issues for the 118th Congress Updated May 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47390 SUMMARY Kuwait: Issues for the 118th Congress The Persian Gulf emirate of Kuwait derives its global influence from its large oil and natural gas reserves, its sizeable sovereign financial resources, its strategic location, and its diplomatic outreach and posture in ...
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| Date May 24, 2024 |
Report No. R44136 |
Title
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Budget: Fact Sheet Updated May 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44136 The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Budget: Fact Sheet he Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is the federal agency charged with supporting ...
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| Date May 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11168 |
Title
Legal Sidebari College Athletes Unionize: Trustees of Dartmouth College and Other Legal Issues May 24, 2024 On March 5, 2024, the Dartmouth men s basketball team voted to become the first U.S. collegiate athletes to unionize. A regional director of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or the Board) previously determined that the players are employees of Dartmouth College (Trustees of Dartmouth ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. RL33028 |
Title
Social Security: The Trust Funds Updated May 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33028 Social Security: The Trust Funds Summary The Social Security program pays monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers and their family members and to the family members of deceased workers. Program income and outgo are accounted for in two separate trust funds ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. R47663 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2024 Provisions Updated May 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47663 SUMMARY Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2024 Provisions Through appropriations legislation, Congress provides not only budget authority for federal agencies and departments to operate, but also legally binding direction on ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48060 |
Title
Department of Health and Human Services: FY2025 Budget Request Updated May 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48060 SUMMARY Department of Health and Human Services: FY2025 Budget Request This report provides information about the FY2025 budget request for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Historically, HHS has been one of the larger ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10275 |
Title
Updated May 23, 2024 Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations Introduction Taiwan, which also calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is a self-governing democracy of 23.4 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. The United States terminated diplomatic relations with the ROC on January 1, 1979, in order to establish diplomatic relations with the People s Republic of ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12366 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel and Hamas: Possible International Criminal Court (ICC) Arrest Warrants May 23, 2024 On May 20, 2024, International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor Karim Khan filed applications for warrants of arrest before a Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) of the ICC in the Situation in the State of Palestine. He seeks to indict top leaders of Israel including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and of the ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10209 |
Title
Updated May 23, 2024 U.S.-Vietnam Relations Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1995, overlapping strategic and economic interests have led the two countries to expand ties across a wide spectrum of issues. Particularly since 2010, the two governments have formed partnerships on many regional security and economic ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11163 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Litigation Continues Over Use of Contract Pharmacies in 340B Drug Discount Program Updated May 23, 2024 The 340B Drug Discount Program enables eligible hospitals and other safety net providers to purchase outpatient prescription drugs at discounted prices. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), an operating division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10115 |
Title
Updated May 23, 2024 Social Services Block Grant Introduction The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) is a flexible funding stream used by states and territories to support a wide variety of social services. At the federal level, the SSBG is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Table 1 shows recent TANF transfer levels, as reported in TANF financial data published ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. R46602 |
Title
Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding Updated May 22, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46602 SUMMARY Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding R46602 May 22, 2024 Henry B. Hogue Specialist in American The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (PTA) authorizes funding for the General Services National Government Administration (GSA) to ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11526 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 U.S.-Kenya Trade Negotiations The United States and Kenya began free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations in 2020 under then-President Donald Trump and then-President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya. The Joseph R. Biden Administration did not continue the FTA talks; it instead launched the U.S.-Kenya Strategic Trade and Investment Partnership (STIP) in July 2022. STIP aims to establish ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12673 |
Title
May 22, 2024 Burden and the Paperwork Reduction Act: An Overview A fundamental purpose of the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) codified at Title 44, Sections 3501-3521, of the U.S. Code is to minimize the burden that federal information collections impose on the public. Agencies must often collect information to fulfill their missions and must identify the practical utility, or usefulness, of ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12040 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Since then, the United States has committed more than $52 billion in security assistance to support Ukraine s efforts to defend itself against Russia s aggression, secure ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11546 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 Removal of Inspectors General: Rules, Practice, and Considerations for Congress In 1978, Congress passed the Inspector General Act (IG Act; P.L. 95-452) with the intent to improve oversight within certain executive branch agencies. During the floor debate on the legislation, Senator Thomas Eagleton described independence as the most important characteristic of the inspectors ...
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