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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12651 |
Title
May 3, 2024 Drug Offense Sentencing Relief Under the First Step Act and the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Congress may establish maximum penalties and mandatory minimum penalties for federal crimes. These statutory penalties form the outer bounds of permissible federal criminal sentences. Within these statutory limits, the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines establish sentencing ranges that federal judges ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12024 |
Title
Updated May 3, 2024 Farm Bill Primer: Conservation Title The conservation title of a farm bill generally contains reauthorizations, amendments, and new programs that encourage farmers and ranchers to voluntarily implement resource-conserving practices on private land. Starting in 1985, farm bills broadened the conservation agenda to include addressing multiple natural resource concerns. Although ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11159 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Federal Trade Commission s Non-Compete Rule May 3, 2024 On April 23, 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) adopted a final rule prohibiting most employers from entering into or enforcing non-compete agreements with workers, subject to exceptions for the sale of a business and preexisting non-competes with senior executives. The rule implicates unsettled questions regarding the ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48057 |
Title
FY2024 NDAA Funding Authorizations and Legislative Activity: In Brief May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48057 SUMMARY FY2024 NDAA Funding Authorizations and Legislative Activity: In Brief R48057 May 2, 2024 Brendan W. McGarry Specialist in U.S. Defense The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) is authorization legislation typically Budget introduced ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48059 |
Title
Identifying Areas of Economic Distress: Examples and Considerations May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48059 SUMMARY Identifying Areas of Economic Distress: Examples and Considerations For decades, Congress has used place-based policies to address regional socioeconomic disparities. Many recent federal economic development policies including rural ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R44339 |
Title
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Updated May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44339 Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Introduction Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is a federal holiday observed annually on the third Monday in January. It celebrates the life and legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr. in honor of his ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48058 |
Title
No Surprises Act Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) Process Data Analysis for the First Half of 2023 May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48058 SUMMARY No Surprises Act Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) Process Data Analysis for the First Half of 2023 R48058 May 2, 2024 Ryan J. Rosso Analyst in Health Care Financing The No Surprises Act (NSA), part of ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF10652 |
Title
Updated May 2, 2024 Career Programs for Veterans, Gold Star Families, and ActiveDuty Spouses in the House and Senate House Green & Gold Congressional Aide Program Origin In 2008, the leadership of the House of Representatives and the Committee on House Administration established a House aide program designed to provide career opportunities for veterans. The program was originally known as the ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48061 |
Title
Criminal Justice Data: Organized Retail Crime May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48061 SUMMARY Criminal Justice Data: Organized Retail Crime Retailers and retail industry advocacy groups have expressed concern about what they see as a general increase in retail crime, and more specifically an increase in organized retail crime (ORC). Reports of incidents ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF12270 |
Title
Updated May 2, 2024 The Federal Status of Marijuana and the Policy Gap with States Marijuana is a psychoactive drug that generally consists of leaves and flowers of the cannabis sativa plant. Marijuana is a Schedule I controlled substance under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA; 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), and thus is strictly regulated by federal authorities. In contrast, over the last ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. R48056 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs FY2024 Appropriations May 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48056 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs FY2024 Appropriations The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers numerous programs that provide benefits and services to eligible veterans and their families. These benefits include medical care, disability ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. R46991 |
Title
Economic Development Administration: An Overview of Programs and Appropriations (FY2011-FY2024) Updated May 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46991 SUMMARY Economic Development Administration: An Overview of Programs and Appropriations (FY2011-FY2024) R46991 May 1, 2024 Julie M. Lawhorn Analyst in Economic Development Policy The Economic Development ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. TE10101 |
Title
Statement of Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy Before Committee on the Budget U.S. Senate Hearing on Denial, Disinformation, and Doublespeak: Big Oil s Evolving Efforts to Avoid Accountability for Climate Change May 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10101 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Whitehouse, Ranking Member Grassley, Members of the ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN11510 |
Title
INSIGHTi Lying in State or Honor in the U.S. Capitol by Non-Members of Congress Updated May 1, 2024 On April 29, 2024, Colonel Ralph Puckett, Jr., the last surviving Medal of Honor recipient from the Korean War, lay in honor in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. In a press release, House Speaker Mike Johnson and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer announced that The extraordinary valor of Colonel Ralph ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN12304 |
Title
INSIGHTi Revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity Updated May 1, 2024 The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) oversees the collection of race and ethnicity data through Statistical Policy Directive (SPD) No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN12353 |
Title
INSIGHTi Discretionary Spending: Setting a Topline Amount for FY2025 Appropriations May 1, 2024 Each year, Congress produces appropriations legislation that provides discretionary funding for a broad range of government activities. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees have jurisdiction over such legislation, with each of their 12 respective subcommittees responsible for developing one ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11105 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Consequences of Rescheduling Marijuana Updated May 1, 2024 On April 30, 2024, news outlets reported that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) planned to move marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The planned change followed an August 2023 recommendation from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that DEA ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12644 |
Title
Updated May 1, 2024 Patent Listing in FDA s Orange Book For over 40 years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has maintained a resource formally titled Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations. This frequently updated publication now available as a searchable online database is more commonly called the Orange Book after the color of the print version s cover. ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF11314 |
Title
Updated May 1, 2024 USMCA: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) that entered into force among the three countries in 2020. It updated and replaced the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Chapter 20 of USMCA contains rules to protect and enforce intellectual property rights (IPR). Congress ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12523 |
Title
Updated May 1, 2024 Repatriation of Native American Remains and Cultural Items: Requirements for Agencies and Institutions Some federal agencies, museums, and other institutions have, over time, acquired human remains and cultural items related to the Indigenous peoples who originally inhabited the United States. Congress has mandated the return or repatriation of some of these remains and ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. R48054 |
Title
State of the U.S. Economy: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress April 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48054 SUMMARY State of the U.S. Economy: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the most severe shock to the U.S. economy since the Great Depression, with a 28% annualized quarterly decline in output and a 14.7% ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. RL30787 |
Title
Parliamentary Reference Sources: House of Representatives Updated April 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30787 SUMMARY Parliamentary Reference Sources: House of Representatives House procedures are based not only on the rules the chamber adopts at the start of each Congress but also on constitutional mandates, published precedents, rulemaking statutes, ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. TE10099 |
Title
Statement of Bryce H. P. Mendez Specialist in Defense Health Care Policy Before Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel U.S. Senate Hearing on Department of Defense s efforts to ensure servicemembers access to safe, high-quality pharmaceuticals April 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10099 Congressional Research Service 1 Introduction Chair ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12648 |
Title
April 30, 2024 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2025 Appropriations Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and the operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure and navigation ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12649 |
Title
April 30, 2024 Risks to the 2024 Economic Outlook The economy in 2023 was characterized by high but falling inflation, a tight labor market, and moderate to high growth. Many economists predicted that monetary policy tightening by the Federal Reserve (Fed) would result in a recession in 2023, but that did not come to pass. While inflation is still not back down to the Fed s target, and the path of ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12352 |
Title
INSIGHTi Establishing Data Standards and Measuring Building Use: Select Provisions of the Telework Transparency Act of 2024 (S. 4043) April 30, 2024 On March 21, 2024, Senator Gary Peters introduced the Telework Transparency Act of 2024 (S. 4043). The bill, cosponsored by Senator Joni Ernst, was referred to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on the same day, and no ...
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| Date April 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF11329 |
Title
Updated April 30, 2024 American Battlefield Protection Program The American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP; 54 U.S.C. 308101-308105) is a grant program administered by the National Park Service (NPS) aimed at promoting the preservation of sites where historic battles were fought on American soil (54 U.S.C. 308101 note). Initiated by the Secretary of the Interior in 1991, the program was ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48055 |
Title
Poverty in the United States in 2022 April 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48055 SUMMARY Poverty in the United States in 2022 R48055 April 29, 2024 The federal government publishes poverty statistics using two measures: the official poverty measure and the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). These two measures tell different stories Joseph Dalaker about who ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11158 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 22 April 28, 2024) April 29, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48053 |
Title
Federal Data Management: Issues and Challenges in the Use of Data Standards April 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48053 SUMMARY Federal Data Management: Issues and Challenges in the Use of Data Standards R48053 April 29, 2024 Natalie R. Ortiz Analyst in Government The federal government manages a significant amount of data. Congress expects federal agencies ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF10524 |
Title
Updated April 29, 2024 Defense Primer: Budgeting for National and Defense Intelligence Introduction Intelligence Community (IC) programs include the resources (i.e., money and manpower) to accomplish intelligence-related goals and responsibilities as defined by the United States Code (U.S.C.) and Executive Order 12333. IC programs are funded through the: (1) National Intelligence Program (NIP), ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF11331 |
Title
Updated April 29, 2024 The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Program Emissions from diesel engines especially particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, and air toxics have been shown to contribute to air pollution that adversely impacts public health and welfare in the United States. Since 1970, the Clean Air Act (CAA; 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) has required the federal ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12351 |
Title
INSIGHTi Senate Committee-Passed FAA Bill Revived Debate over Reagan National Airport Slot and Perimeter Rules April 29, 2024 On February 29, 2024, seven months after the House of Representatives passed Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reauthorization legislation H.R. 3935, the Senate version of the bill (S. 1939) was reported by the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12646 |
Title
April 29, 2024 Taiwan s Position in the World Introduction Taiwan, the self-governing Asian democracy that also calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), has struggled to maintain international space for itself in the world. The People s Republic of China (PRC), with its capital in Beijing, has never controlled Taiwan, but claims sovereignty over it and has vowed to unify with it, by force if ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12647 |
Title
April 29, 2024 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2025 Overview of the IRS Budget Inflation Reduction Act The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is responsible for (1) collecting most of the revenue to fund federal government agencies and programs, and (2) enforcing taxpayer compliance with federal tax laws through activities like taxpayer assistance and audits. In FY2023, the agency processed ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R48052 |
Title
U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Legal Authorities and Related Actions April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48052 SUMMARY U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Legal Authorities and Related Actions Sanctions are a central element of U.S. policy to deter, alter, and counter malign Russian activities. The United States maintains sanctions on Russia in part to reverse Russian ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R44750 |
Title
FDA Human Medical Product User Fee Programs Updated April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44750 FDA Human Medical Product User Fee Programs Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 User Fees and the FDA Budget ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R44623 |
Title
Commemorative Coins: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress Updated April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44623 SUMMARY Commemorative Coins: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress R44623 April 26, 2024 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the Congress Commemorative coins are produced by the U.S. Mint pursuant to an act of ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R47275 |
Title
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief Updated April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47275 SFOPS Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief Introduction In 2022, the Biden Administration submitted to Congress four emergency supplemental funding requests to address the crisis caused by ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF10262 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2024 Commemorative Coins: An Overview Commemorative coins are produced by the U.S. Mint pursuant to an act of Congress. These coins celebrate and honor American people, places, events, and institutions. Although they are considered legal tender, they are not minted for general circulation. Instead, they are designed to be collected and to help designated groups raise money. Table ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF11696 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2024 Aviation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change Some Members of Congress have expressed interest in addressing air pollution emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the climate change effects from domestic and international aviation. Recent legislative proposals would provide for sustainable fuel mandates, incentives for airport efficiency improvements, and GHG emission ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF12247 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2024 Nicaragua Nicaragua, a Central American country bordering Honduras and Costa Rica, is experiencing significant political repression under the authoritarian rule of President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo. The erosion of democracy under the Ortega-Murillo government has strained relations with the United States and raised congressional concerns. ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R47622 |
Title
Status of FY2024 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief Updated April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47622 SUMMARY Status of FY2024 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief This report provides a brief summary of the status of FY2024 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (LHHS) ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R46979 |
Title
Compilation of Federal Whistleblower Protection Statutes Updated April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46979 Compilation of Federal Whistleblower Protection Statutes Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12238 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 Military Construction Appropriations: A Summary Updated April 25, 2024 On March 9, 2023, the Biden Administration submitted the FY2024 President s Budget Request (PBR) seeking $16.675 billion for U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) military construction (MILCON) and family housing programs. The request was $2.325 billion (12%) less than the $19.000 billion provided for such programs ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12274 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 National Security Supplemental Funding: Defense Appropriations Updated April 25, 2024 Background On October 20, 2023, the Biden Administration submitted to Congress a request for FY2024 emergency supplemental appropriations to address key national security priorities. President Biden characterized the request as a response to Hamas terrorist attacks against Israel and the ongoing ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R48051 |
Title
Contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Fact Sheet April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48051 Contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Fact Sheet Contents Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Contributions to IRAs ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10795 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 Global Human Rights: The Department of State s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Introduction The State Department s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are an annual U.S. government account of human rights conditions in countries around the globe. The reports characterize countries on the basis of their adherence to internationally recognized human rights, ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12194 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 The Compacts of Free Association Overview The Compacts of Free Association govern the relationships between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and Republic of Palau. The Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, and the Northern Mariana Islands were districts of the former U.S.-administered United Nations Trust ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10575 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 Global Human Rights: Security Forces Vetting ( Leahy Laws ) Introduction The Leahy Laws prohibit U.S. assistance to foreign security force units when there is credible information that the unit has committed a gross violation of human rights (GVHR). Pursuant to the laws, before providing assistance, the U.S. government vets potential recipients for information about GVHR ...
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