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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. R47981 |
Title
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): History, Overview of Domestic Programs, and Selected Issues March 22, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47981 SUMMARY Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): History, Overview of Domestic Programs, and Selected Issues R47981 March 22, 2024 Kavya Sekar Analyst in Health Policy The Coronavirus Disease 2019 ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. R45800 |
Title
The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview Updated March 22, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45800 SUMMARY The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview R45800 March 22, 2024 Mark K. DeSantis Analyst in Natural Several long-standing statutes have established a framework for federal historic preservation activities. The most comprehensive of ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11298 |
Title
Updated March 22, 2024 A Brief Overview of FEMA s Individual Assistance Program Following an incident, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may implement the Individual Assistance (IA) program to assist disaster survivors when the President authorizes such assistance pursuant to a declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12617 |
Title
March 22, 2024 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2024 Appropriations Many policymakers and stakeholders have raised concerns about the condition of the nation s local drinking water and wastewater infrastructure and the financial challenges that communities may confront in maintaining, repairing, or replacing aging infrastructure. In 2016, the U.S. ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12618 |
Title
March 22, 2024 Gene-Edited Plants: Regulation and Issues for Congress Plant biotechnology, which includes gene editing and genetic engineering, allows a more precise and efficient method for developing desirable traits in crops than conventional breeding methods that rely on natural genetic variation. Gene editing techniques offer the potential to modify specific genes in plants without ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. IN11949 |
Title
INSIGHTi NATO Enlargement to Sweden and Finland Updated March 22, 2024 Sweden joined NATO on March 7, 2024, enlarging the alliance to 32 members (see Figure 1). Amid heightened security concerns about Russia after its February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, both Finland and Sweden applied to join NATO in May 2022 with the intention to accede to the alliance together. Finland joined on April 4, 2023, ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF10400 |
Title
Updated March 22, 2024 Illicit Fentanyl and Mexico s Role As a primary source of, and transit country for, illicit drugs destined for the United States, Mexico is a key factor in U.S. drug control policy. Historically, reducing the supply of Mexico-produced heroin and methamphetamine and the northbound flow of South American cocaine has been the primary goal of U.S. counternarcotics policy toward ...
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| Date March 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11122 |
Title
Updated March 22, 2024 Section 199A Deduction for Pass-Through Business Income: An Overview The 2017 tax revision (P.L. 115-97, also known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or TCJA) created a temporary deduction for qualified pass-through business income (QBI) under Section 199A of the federal tax code. The maximum deduction is equal to the lesser of (1) 20% of a firm s qualified business income (QBI) ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. R41726 |
Title
Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview Updated March 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41726 SUMMARY Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview R41726 March 21, 2024 D. Andrew Austin Analyst in Economic Policy This report provides a graphical overview of historical trends in discretionary budget authority (BA) from FY1977 ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. R47032 |
Title
Bureau of Reclamation Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58) Updated March 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47032 SUMMARY Bureau of Reclamation Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58) In the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, also referred to as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law; P.L. ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12335 |
Title
INSIGHTi Biden Administration Again Proposes Temporary Operating Assistance Authority for Larger Transit Agencies March 21, 2024 In the FY2025 budget, the Biden Administration again has proposed allowing larger public transportation agencies greater flexibility in the use of Urbanized Area Formula funds to cope with the larger operating deficits caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10856 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Where a Suit Can Proceed: Court Selection and Forum Shopping Updated March 21, 2024 The past several years have seen court cases challenging high-profile government actions including environmental regulations, immigration policies, election administration, economic measures, and government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Plaintiffs in cases such as these often have some ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12514 |
Title
Updated March 21, 2024 DOE Appropriations for Its Hydrogen Program: FY2024 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program addresses the development of applications that use hydrogen in place of today s fuels to provide modern energy services. The program also considers hydrogen as an established industrial chemical, for example, in petroleum refining. The DOE program includes over 400 ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12336 |
Title
INSIGHTi Pakistan s 2024 National Election March 21, 2024 Overview Congress has taken interest in Pakistan s democratization, viewing progress as important to U.S. interests including security cooperation and economic stability. In the 118th Congress, H.Res. 901 expressing support for democracy and human rights in Pakistan has garnered 101 bipartisan cosponsors to date. Elections to seat Pakistan ...
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| Date March 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12376 |
Title
Updated March 21, 2024 DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FY2024 Appropriations The U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is responsible for enabling renewable energy and end-use energy efficiency technology development and implementation. Other activities include issuing grants for home energy efficiency and state planning, ...
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| Date March 20, 2024 |
Report No. TE10093 |
Title
Statement of Kate R. Bowers Legislative Attorney Before Committee on Environment and Public Works U.S. Senate Hearing on Examining PFAS as Hazardous Substances March 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov Congressional Research Service 1 Executive Summary C hairman Carper, Ranking Member Capito, and Members of the Committee: My name is Kate Bowers, and I am a ...
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| Date March 20, 2024 |
Report No. R47979 |
Title
DHS Border Barrier Funding Developments: FY2021-FY2024 March 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47979 SUMMARY DHS Border Barrier Funding Developments: FY2021-FY2024 Appropriations law states that when budget authority is provided for a given purpose, the Administration must use it for that purpose. This can present a challenge when a new administration s ...
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| Date March 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF11780 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2024 United Nations Issues: Overview of the United Nations System The United Nations (U.N.) system comprises interconnected entities including the United Nations, specialized agencies, U.N. peacekeeping operations, funds and programs, and other related bodies. Congress has generally supported the U.N. system and mission, and often uses U.N. mechanisms to further U.S. foreign ...
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| Date March 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF10830 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2024 U.S. Health Care Coverage and Spending In 2022, the United States had an estimated population of 328 million individuals. Most of those individuals had private health insurance or were covered under a federal program (such as Medicare or Medicaid). About 8.0% of the U.S. population was uninsured. Individuals (including those who were uninsured), health insurers, federal and ...
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| Date March 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF11831 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2024 Marine Corps Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle (ARV) What Is the Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle (ARV)? According to the Marine Corps, the Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle (ARV) is planned to be a new armored vehicle family to replace the Light Armored Vehicle (LAV): Since the 1980s, the Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) has supported Marine Air-Ground Task Force missions on the ...
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| Date March 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF12093 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2024 The Accessibility of Federal Information and Data: A Brief Overview of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Nearly one in four Americans has a disability, according to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Congress has recognized that in addition to making federal information and data available to the public, it must also make it accessible to people with ...
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| Date March 19, 2024 |
Report No. R46961 |
Title
Social Security Coverage of State and Local Government Employees Updated March 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46961 SUMMARY Social Security Coverage of State and Local Government Employees R46961 March 19, 2024 Zhe Li Analyst in Social Policy Social Security is the single largest federal program in terms of the number of beneficiaries as well as budget. It ...
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| Date March 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12333 |
Title
INSIGHTi Updates to FEMA s Individuals and Households Program Made by the Individual Assistance Program Equity Rulemaking Updated March 19, 2024 On January 22, 2024, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) published an interim final rule (IFR) amending its regulations governing the Individual Assistance (IA) program specifically the Individuals and Households Program (IHP). The rule goes ...
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| Date March 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12334 |
Title
INSIGHTi The American Climate Corps March 19, 2024 On September 20, 2023, the Biden Administration announced the launch of a new American Climate Corps (ACC) initiative. The ACC is described as a workforce training and service initiative to provide individuals with access to training necessary to enter careers in the clean energy, conservation, and climate resilience economy. Specifically, the ...
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| Date March 19, 2024 |
Report No. IF12615 |
Title
March 19, 2024 The Labor Force Participation Rate This In Focus provides an introduction to the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), a key measure of the labor market. It is the fraction of people who are engaged in the labor force, whether they are employed or actively looking for employment. How the Labor Force Participation Rate is Calculated The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) releases the ...
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| Date March 18, 2024 |
Report No. R47962 |
Title
The Global Oil Tanker Market: An Overview as It Relates to Sanctions March 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47962 SUMMARY The Global Oil Tanker Market: An Overview as It Relates to Sanctions R47962 March 18, 2024 John Frittelli Specialist in Sanctions on oil transport from Russia, Iran, and Venezuela have drawn attention to the global oil Transportation ...
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| Date March 18, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11128 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 11 March 17, 2024) March 18, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date March 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF12063 |
Title
Updated March 18, 2024 Enforcement of Economic Sanctions: An Overview The United States imposes economic restrictive measures ( economic sanctions ) on foreign states or non-state actors that engage in objectionable conduct. The sanctions may encompass individuals, sectors, and entities that are financing or otherwise connected to the targeted states or entities. The imposition of economic ...
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| Date March 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF12406 |
Title
Updated March 18, 2024 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2024 Budget Request and Appropriations The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an agency in the Department of Commerce whose mission is to understand and predict changes in weather, climate, oceans, and coasts; share that information; and conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and ...
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| Date March 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF12608 |
Title
Updated March 18, 2024 U.S. Interest in Seabed Mining in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Brief Background and Recent Developments In 1980, Congress passed the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (DSHMRA; P.L. 96-283) as an interim measure to allow U.S. citizens to proceed with seabed mining activities in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) until an international regime was in place ( ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. R46946 |
Title
Dam Removal: The Federal Role Updated March 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46946 SUMMARY Dam Removal: The Federal Role R46946 March 15, 2024 Dam owners and other stakeholders sometimes consider dam removal as a policy option to address dam safety, ecosystem restoration, or other concerns. For example, dams often affect Anna E. Normand ecosystem processes ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. R47002 |
Title
Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief Updated March 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47002 Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 What Is Public Transportation? ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. IN11229 |
Title
INSIGHTi Stafford Act Assistance for Public Health Incidents Updated March 15, 2024 This Insight provides an overview and examples of presidential declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (hereinafter the Stafford Act 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in response to public health incidents including contagious diseases and water contamination. Such declarations ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10942 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Restricting TikTok (Part II): Legislative Proposals and Considerations for Congress Updated March 15, 2024 This Legal Sidebar is the second installment in a two-part series on U.S. efforts to regulate the videosharing application (app) TikTok. The first installment provided legal background on executive branchled efforts to restrict TikTok s U.S. presence and operations. This ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11125 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Overview of Federal Criminal Laws Prohibiting Interference with Voting March 15, 2024 The 2024 U.S. presidential and congressional elections are scheduled to take place on November 5, 2024, with early in-person voting in some states beginning in September. Recent developments such as the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, the continued targeting of U.S. ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF11744 |
Title
Updated March 15, 2024 Forming a Funded Federal Regional Commission During the 117th Congress, the Senate confirmed the nominations of the federal co-chairs for the Southeast Crescent Regional Commission (SCRC) and the Southwest Border Regional Commission (SBRC), thereby allowing them to convene and begin other activities. Also during the 117th Congress, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 ( ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF12614 |
Title
March 15, 2024 U.S.-Latin America Trade and Investment The 118th Congress is engaged in a range of legislative and oversight activities related to trade policy toward the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region, which is among the United States most important regional trading partners. Historically, some Members of Congress have approached initiatives to strengthen economic relations with LAC ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. IF11741 |
Title
Updated March 15, 2024 The Army s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) Background The Army describes the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) in a March 14, 2023, press release as follows: [The] AMPV is the replacement for the M-113 Family of Vehicles within the Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT), comprising approximately 30 percent of its tracked vehicle fleet. The Army s worldwide fleet of AMPVs ...
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| Date March 15, 2024 |
Report No. IG10049 |
Title
U.S. Shale Gas & Federal Lands March 15, 2024 Author Information Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy Lexie Ryan Analyst in Energy Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. ...
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| Date March 14, 2024 |
Report No. R47980 |
Title
U.S. Energy Supply and Use: Background and Policy Primer March 14, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47980 SUMMARY U.S. Energy Supply and Use: Background and Policy Primer Since the start of the 21st century, the U.S. energy system has changed tremendously. Technological advances in energy production and use have driven changes in energy consumption, and the ...
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| Date March 14, 2024 |
Report No. R47959 |
Title
Proposals to Amend the U.S. Constitution: Fact Sheet March 14, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47959 SUMMARY Proposals to Amend the U.S. Constitution: Fact Sheet This report provides brief background information and resources for locating historical, recent, and current proposed and unratified amendments to the Constitution of the United States. It does not ...
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| Date March 14, 2024 |
Report No. IF12482 |
Title
Updated March 14, 2024 Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization: Legislative Action in the 118th Congress The most recent multiyear Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reauthorization, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-254), was enacted in October 2018. Its key civil aviation authorizations, including Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF) revenue collection authority, airport ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12158 |
Title
INSIGHTi Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2024 Appropriations Updated March 13, 2024 Status of Agriculture Appropriations Agriculture appropriations formally known as the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture, excluding the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF10543 |
Title
Updated March 13, 2024 Defense Primer: The Department of Defense The Department of Defense (DOD) was established after World War II through the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253). At the time, some, including President Truman, took the view that the different components of the U.S. military had been insufficiently integrated to wage World War II effectively. The intention of the 1947 Act was ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF12261 |
Title
Updated March 13, 2024 Olympic Commemorative Coins: Background and Considerations for Congress The U.S. Mint produces commemorative coins pursuant to a specific act of Congress. These coins celebrate and honor American people, places, events, and institutions. Although they are considered legal tender, they are not minted for general circulation. Instead, they are designed to be collected ( ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF11070 |
Title
Updated March 13, 2024 John H. Chafee Foster Care Program for Successful Transition to Adulthood Children are removed from families and placed into foster care due to incidents of abuse, neglect, or other family crisis. In FY2021, about 147,000 young people ages 14 or older spent at least one day in foster care. More than 19,000 young people emancipated (or aged out) in FY2021, meaning they ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF12613 |
Title
March 13, 2024 AT&T Network Outage: Impact on Public Safety Services In the early hours of February 22, 2024, AT&T s wireless network suffered an outage, affecting communications nationwide. AT&T has not provided a definitive time that the outage started. It disrupted AT&T Mobility (wireless) service for some of its 220 million Mobility subscribers for several hours. At 10:00 a.m. (CT), AT&T ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IG10047 |
Title
Federal Business Disaster Assistance March 13, 2024 Author Information Bruce R. Lindsay, Coordinator Specialist in American National Government Anthony R. Marshak Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Julie M. Lawhorn, Coordinator Analyst in Economic Development Policy Megan Stubbs Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy Joseph V. Jaroscak Analyst in Economic ...
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| Date March 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF12610 |
Title
Updated March 13, 2024 Defense Primer: The United States Space Force The U.S. Space Force is the sixth branch of the Armed Forces, established under the Department of the Air Force (DAF) with the enactment of the FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act ([NDAA], P.L. 116-92). According to Title 10, Section 9081, of the U.S. Code, The Space Force shall be organized, trained, and equipped to (1) ...
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| Date March 12, 2024 |
Report No. R47953 |
Title
Small Business Administration Reauthorization: Issues for Congress March 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47953 SUMMARY Small Business Administration Reauthorization: Issues for Congress In recent years the idea of reauthorizing the Small Business Administration (SBA) has gained increased attention, both from some Members of Congress as well as outside ...
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