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| Date April 3, 2024 |
Report No. R47999 |
Title
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2025 Budget Request Fact Sheet April 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47999 Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2025 Budget Request Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 President s ...
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| Date April 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF11120 |
Title
Updated April 3, 2024 U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements and Negotiations The United States and Japan, among the world s largest economies, are close economic partners. As a top U.S. trade partner, Japan has been a priority for U.S. trade negotiations and regional economic cooperation. The U.S. and Japan do not have a comprehensive bilateral free trade agreement (FTA); the partners have two limited trade ...
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| Date April 3, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10747 |
Title
Legal Sidebari International Atrocity Crimes and Their Domestic Counterparts Updated April 3, 2024 Russia s war launched against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the October 7, 2023, attacks perpetrated by Hamas in Israel, and Israel s subsequent campaign in Gaza have prompted widespread attention to the legal framework that addresses atrocity crimes. The term atrocity crimes was coined by former ...
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| Date April 3, 2024 |
Report No. IN12343 |
Title
INSIGHTi Election Systems: Recent Action by the Election Assistance Commission April 3, 2024 The Election Assistance Commission (EAC) was established by the Help America Vote Act in response to problems with the administration of the 2000 elections. Among other responsibilities, such as administering grant programs and sharing best practices, it was charged with developing voluntary federal ...
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| Date April 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF10036 |
Title
Updated April 3, 2024 The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant Introduction The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant was created in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, P.L. 104-193). That law was the culmination of a series of legislative changes that altered the rules for providing benefits and services ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. R40094 |
Title
Iran s Nuclear Program: Tehran s Compliance with International Obligations Updated April 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40094 SUMMARY Iran s Nuclear Program: Tehran s Compliance with International Obligations R40094 April 2, 2024 Paul K. Kerr Specialist in Several U.N. Security Council resolutions adopted between 2006 and 2010 required Iran to ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. R47566 |
Title
Overview of FY2024 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) Updated April 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47566 SUMMARY Overview of FY2024 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) R47566 April 2, 2024 Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy This report describes actions to provide FY2024 ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF10288 |
Title
Updated April 2, 2024 Overview of the 2018 Farm Bill Energy Title Programs Congress has long encouraged the production of renewable energy and products derived from agriculture-based feedstock in pursuit of various policy goals. These goals include U.S. energy security, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and increased demand for U.S. farm products. Since the late 1970s, Congress has employed a ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. IN12342 |
Title
INSIGHT Proposed Expanded Collection of Statistics on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity by the Federal Government April 2, 2024 The U.S. Census Bureau has proposed a test of questions about sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) as possible additions to the American Community Survey (ACS). While federal surveys have collected sexual orientation and gender identity data as early as, ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. IN12145 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposed U.S.-EU Critical Minerals Agreement Updated April 2, 2024 Since a March 2023 announcement, the United States and European Union (EU) have been negotiating a critical minerals agreement (CMA). Key objectives are to: enable critical minerals extracted or processed in the EU to count toward certain electric vehicle (EV) tax credit requirements of P.L. 117-169 (Inflation Reduction ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF10604 |
Title
Updated April 2, 2024 Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan Afghanistan s geography, complex ethnic composition, and history of conflict and instability have long created space for Islamist terrorist groups, some of which seek to conduct attacks abroad. United Nations (UN) sanctions monitors report that the high concentration of terrorist groups in Afghanistan undermines the security situation in the ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF12612 |
Title
Updated April 2, 2024 American Indian, Alaska Native, and Tribal Population Data Overview Federal agencies collect population data, including on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities and federally recognized tribes (hereinafter tribes), to allocate funding and provide services. There is no uniform definition of AI/AN populations or tribal enrollment, and federal agencies rely on ...
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| Date April 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF12623 |
Title
April 2, 2024 Medical Care Standards in Immigrant Detention Facilities In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic and whistleblower complaints about medical neglect and unnecessary gynecological procedures have led to concerns over the medical care of noncitizens in the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This In Focus provides background on Immigrant Detention Facility medical care ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47899 |
Title
The United States Courts of Appeals: Background and Circuit Splits from 2023 Updated April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47899 SUMMARY The United States Courts of Appeals: Background and Circuit Splits from 2023 The United States Courts of Appeals frequently act as the final arbiters of questions of law within their respective jurisdictions. Although the ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47933 |
Title
Programs for Beginning, Limited Resource, Veteran, Socially Disadvantaged, and Tribal and Indigenous Farmers and Ranchers and for Small Farms and Ranches Updated April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47933 Selected USDA Programs and Policies That Address Underserved Farmers and Ranchers Contents Terms and Definitions ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47987 |
Title
Bureau of Reclamation Support for Water Storage Projects April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47987 SUMMARY Bureau of Reclamation Support for Water Storage Projects The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation, part of the Department of the Interior) has for more than a century been involved in the construction and operations of water storage projects in the 17 ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11139 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 25 March 31, 2024) April 1, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12372 |
Title
Updated April 1, 2024 Peru: Country Overview and U.S. Relations Peru is a geographically and ethnically diverse country encompassing portions of the Amazon Basin, the Andean highlands, and the Pacific coast of South America (Figure 1). Since the early 2000s, Peru has sustained its democratic institutions and outpaced its neighbors in terms of economic growth while reducing poverty and improving ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47988 |
Title
The OECD/G20 Pillar 1 and Digital Services Taxes: A Comparison April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47988 SUMMARY The OECD/G20 Pillar 1 and Digital Services Taxes: A Comparison R47988 April 1, 2024 Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in If Congress chooses not to adopt Pillar 1 of the OECD/G20 proposal to allocate some Economic Policy taxing rights to market ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN12341 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hong Kong Adopts New National Security Ordinance: Article 23 April 1, 2024 On March 23, 2024, the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) promulgated an ordinance with the stated purpose of strengthening the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security. The Safeguarding National Security Ordinance builds upon the People s ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12621 |
Title
April 1, 2024 Congressional Commission on the U.S. Strategic Posture Congress plays an important role in U.S. nuclear weapons policy through funding and oversight of U.S. strategic military capabilities and related programs carried out by the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The Senate also considers providing advice and ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12622 |
Title
April 1, 2024 Defense Primer: The United States Air Force An executive order signed by then-President Harry S. Truman in 1947 established the U.S. Air Force as a separate service to be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive air operations ... necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned. The National Security Act ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF11964 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 Defense Primer: Defense and Intelligence Unfunded Priorities Introduction By law, certain U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) officials and other executive branch agency officials are required to submit reports to Congress describing defense and intelligence-related priorities that were not included in the President s annual budget request. These reports, known as unfunded ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. R45345 |
Title
Intelligence Community Whistleblower Provisions: A Legislative History Updated March 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45345 SUMMARY Intelligence Community Whistleblower Provisions: A Legislative History R45345 March 29, 2024 Michael E. DeVine Analyst in Intelligence and Intelligence community (IC) whistleblowers are employees or contractors of the federal ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12463 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 PEPFAR Extension Act of 2018: Extended Authorities Since the 108th Congress (2003-2004) enacted legislation to authorize multiyear funding for international HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria programs, including the President s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), successive Congresses have debated extending some of those authorities. While most PEPFAR-related ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12619 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 Baltimore Bridge Collapse: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) At about 1:30 a.m. on March 26, 2024, the MV Dali, a container ship departing the Port of Baltimore, struck a support tower of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, MD, causing the bridge to collapse into the Patapsco River. The bridge is a segment of Interstate 695 Baltimore s beltway and spans over the ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN10450 |
Title
Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Updated March 29, 2024 The National Flood Insurance Program The NFIP was first authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and was reauthorized until the end of FY2017 by the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW-12; Title II of P.L. 112-141). After 30 short-term ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF12607 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 Capital One Discover Proposed Merger: Systemic Risk and Market Competition Considerations In February 2024, Capital One announced a merger deal with Discover. This In Focus explores the policy issues raised by the potential merger that may be of interest to Congress, with particular attention to the competition and systemic impacts on the banking system. Capital One is the ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF10293 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 Foreign Relations Reauthorization: Background and Issues Introduction The Constitution gives Congress the power to provide funding, authorize programs, and conduct oversight with respect to the implementation of foreign policy. In exercising these powers, Congress has enacted several laws requiring foreign affairs appropriations to be authorized prior to expenditure. These ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11131 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 1: Introduction March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the first in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote the prompt, ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11132 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 2: Federal Convention Debates March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the second in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11133 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 3: History of Presidential Succession March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the third in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11134 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 4: Early Congressional Action March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the fourth in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11135 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 5: Congressional Debates March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the fifth in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote the ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11136 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 6: Final Approval and Implementation March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the sixth in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11137 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 7: Issues for Congress March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the last in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote the prompt, ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11138 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The 2023 Merger Guidelines: Analysis and Issues for Congress March 28, 2024 In December 2023, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalized the 2023 Merger Guidelines (the Guidelines), which outline the agencies analytical approach to merger review. The Guidelines represent a major departure from the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines and the 2020 ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF11665 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 President Reagan s Six Assurances to Taiwan Introduction Under the U.S. one-China policy, the U.S. government has, since 1979, maintained official relations with the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and unofficial relations with self-governed Taiwan, over which the PRC claims sovereignty. Like the Trump Administration before it, the Biden Administration refers to ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF11072 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 The First Amendment: Categories of Speech The Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from abridging the freedom of speech but does not define what that freedom entails. The Supreme Court has long interpreted the Clause to greatly circumscribe government regulation of protected speech (including some forms of expressive conduct) while giving the ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF12358 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2024 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2024 Appropriations Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), provides scientific information to support the management of water, energy, mineral, ecosystem, and land resources and to mitigate risks from natural hazards. The USGS also collects long-term data to understand and ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF12620 |
Title
March 27, 2024 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2025 Appropriations Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), provides scientific information to support the management of water, energy, mineral, ecosystem, and land resources and to mitigate risks from natural hazards. The USGS also collects long-term data to understand and report on ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. R47984 |
Title
The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Overview and Considerations for Congress March 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47984 SUMMARY The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Overview and Considerations for Congress Federal advisory committees are created by Congress, Presidents, and executive branch agencies to gain expertise and policy advice from ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. IN12339 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Caseload Statistics for U.S. District Courts: Criminal Defendants Charged with Firearms or Explosives Offenses (2001-2023) March 26, 2024 This Insight provides an overview and analysis of federal criminal defendants charged with offenses related to firearms or explosives in U.S. district courts. Specifically, this Insight provides information related to (1) the percentage of ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF10246 |
Title
Updated March 26, 2024 U.S.-North Korea Relations Since 2016, North Korea s advances in nuclear weapons and missile capabilities under leader Kim Jong-un have catapulted Pyongyang from a threat to U.S. interests in East Asia to a potential direct threat to the U.S. homeland. U.S. policy on North Korea (Democratic People s Republic of Korea, or DPRK) has focused primarily on the DPRK s nuclear ...
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| Date March 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12337 |
Title
INSIGHTi District Court Ruling on MBDA Business Development Program March 25, 2024 In a March 2024 decision, Nuziard et al. v. Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) et al., the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas found the MBDA s presumption of social disadvantage for certain program applicants to be unconstitutional and ordered the agency to discontinue using race or ...
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| Date March 25, 2024 |
Report No. R47983 |
Title
Emerging Legal Issues Under Title IX: Transgender Athletes and Name, Image, and Likeness Compensation for College Athletes March 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47983 SUMMARY Emerging Legal Issues Under Title IX: Transgender Athletes and Name, Image, and Likeness Compensation for College Athletes R47983 March 25, 2024 Jared P. Cole Legislative Attorney ...
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| Date March 25, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11130 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 18 March 24, 2024) March 25, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date March 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12270 |
Title
INSIGHTi The IRS s Free Direct Filing Pilot Program Updated March 25, 2024 Individuals may satisfy their income tax obligations by filing a paper return or filing an electronic one (efiling). To e-file, a taxpayer must use software preapproved by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Most individual returns are e-filed. For the 2022 tax year (through December 29, 2023), the IRS received 162 million ...
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| Date March 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12338 |
Title
INSIGHTi Labor Unions Request Section 301 Investigation of China s Shipbuilding and Maritime Policies March 25, 2024 On March 12, 2024, five major U.S. labor unions filed a petition under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 requesting that the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) investigate certain policies and practices of the government of the People s Republic of China (PRC or China ...
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| Date March 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10822 |
Title
Updated March 25, 2024 Saudi Arabia A Changing Kingdom and Partnership The kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ruled by the Al Saud family since its founding in 1932, wields considerable global influence through its administration of the birthplace of the Islamic faith and by virtue of holding the world s second largest proven oil reserves. In exchange for protection, advice, technology, and armaments from ...
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