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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10691 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) program is a Department of Justice (DOJ) formula grant program. The JAG program allocates funds to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, America Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands (collectively referred to as ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. R48049 |
Title
Information Technology Spending in the President s Budget Submission for FY2025: In Brief April 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48049 Information Technology Spending in the President s Budget Submission for FY2025 Contents Introduction ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF10221 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2024 Principles, Requirements, and Guidelines (PR&G) for Federal Investments in Water Resources The Principles, Requirements, and Guidelines (PR&G) for federal water resource investments largely replaced the Principles and Guidelines (P&G) for federal water project evaluations on June 15, 2015, following years in development (see Table 1). The PR&G direct how federal agencies ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IN12330 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Change Healthcare Cyberattack and Response Considerations for Policymakers Updated April 24, 2024 On February 21, 2024, UnitedHealth Group Incorporated disclosed that one of its companies units Change Healthcare was experiencing a cyberattack. The BlackCat/ALPHV ransomware group a Russia-linked cybercrime organization claimed responsibility. Repercussions from this cyberattack are ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11155 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Baltimore Bridge Collapse and the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 April 24, 2024 On March 26, 2024, the Dali a 985-foot container ship struck a support structure of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, causing the bridge to collapse. As of the time of writing, four people are confirmed to have died in the collapse; two remain missing and are presumed dead. Although the ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IN12348 |
Title
INSIGHTi Ecuador s April 2024 Plebiscite on Security Measures: Implications for Congress Updated April 24, 2024 On April 21, 2024, Ecuador held a plebiscite on 11 proposed reforms that seek to address the country s ongoing security crisis. According to preliminary results released by Ecuador s electoral body, voters voted in favor of 9 of the 11 questions, approving all of the reforms aimed at ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12198 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2024 India: Human Rights Assessments Overview India is a multiparty, federal, parliamentary democracy. As reported by the State Department s 2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices (Human Rights Reports or HRRs), India is the site of numerous human rights abuses, many of them serious, some seen to be perpetrated by state and federal governments or their agents. According ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IG10051 |
Title
United States Oil April 24, 2024 Author Information Phillip Brown Specialist in Energy Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48046 |
Title
USDA Rural Utilities Service s Support for Tribes and Other Indigenous Entities April 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48046 SUMMARY USDA Rural Utilities Service s Support for Tribes and Other Indigenous Entities The Rural Utilities Service (RUS) in the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) Rural Development (RD) mission area administers a range of ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48045 |
Title
The Department of Labor s Proposed Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts April 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48045 SUMMARY The Department of Labor s Proposed Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts R48045 April 23, 2024 John J. Topoleski Specialist ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11153 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 15 April 21, 2024) April 23, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12378 |
Title
Updated April 23, 2024 Bank Failures: The FDIC s Systemic Risk Exception When Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank failed, the Treasury Secretary, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Federal Reserve (Fed) announced on March 12, 2023, that the FDIC would guarantee uninsured deposits at those banks under the statutory systemic risk exception to least-cost resolution ( ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN10979 |
Title
INSIGHTi Year-Round Sale of E15 Updated April 23, 2024 E15 a fuel blend of up to 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline generally cannot be sold during the summer driving season (June 1 September 15) because it does not meet the gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) requirements, which limit fuel volatility under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The statute, however, allows the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ( ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12332 |
Title
INSIGHTi TikTok: Proposed Legislation and Implications Updated April 23, 2024 On March 13, 2024, the House of Representatives passed the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (H.R. 7521). This bill would make it unlawful for any entity to distribute, maintain, or update a foreign adversary controlled application (hereinafter referred to as a covered app ) within ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11152 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Fourth Circuit Rules Parochial School s 501(c)(3) Tax Exemption Does Not Trigger Title IX Obligations April 23, 2024 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits entities receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating based on sex in education programs and activities. The statute and implementing regulations impose a range of obligations on schools ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11154 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The DOJ s Monopolization Case Against Apple April 23, 2024 On March 21, 2024, the Department of Justice (DOJ), together with 15 states and the District of Columbia, filed a complaint in federal district court accusing Apple of monopolizing smartphone markets in violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act. This Legal Sidebar provides an overview of the allegations in the lawsuit, ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12642 |
Title
April 23, 2024 Private Credit: Trends and Policy Issues Private credit generally refers to a type of lending undertaken by nonbank financial institutions and made to small- and medium-sized private companies that are not publicly traded. As a rapidly growing market that competes with traditional bank loans, but with a different regulatory apparatus, it has drawn financial stability concerns from ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF10525 |
Title
Updated April 22, 2024 Defense Primer: National and Defense Intelligence The Intelligence Community (IC) is responsible for providing insight into actual or potential threats to the U.S. homeland, the American people, and national interests at home and abroad. It aims to do so through the production of timely, apolitical products and services to help inform tactical and strategic decision-makers. ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12641 |
Title
April 22, 2024 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) Expiring Tax Provisions: Economic and Distributional Effects A number of the changes enacted as part of P.L. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or TCJA, are temporary. Many of these provisions, particularly those affecting individuals and families, are scheduled to expire at the end of 2025. Others affecting businesses, including ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IN12231 |
Title
INSIGHTi Banks Unrealized Losses, Part 1: New Treatment in the Basel III Endgame Proposal Updated April 22, 2024 On July 27, 2023, the federal banking regulators released a proposed rule that would amend bank capital rules for banks with over $100 billion in assets. The proposal would implement what is popularly called the Basel III Endgame, a series of reforms from the intergovernmental Basel ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IN12234 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Summary of Funding Updated April 22, 2024 The annual Department of Defense Appropriations Act primarily funds U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) activities except for military construction and family housing programs. It also funds certain activities of the intelligence community. The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 (Division A of P.L. 118-47) ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IN12350 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Biden Administration s First Student Loan Debt Relief Proposed Rule April 22, 2024 On April 17, 2024, Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona (the Secretary) published in the Federal Register a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), describing when the Secretary may waive all or part of a borrower s outstanding federal student loan debt pursuant to Section 432(a)(6) of the Higher ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11151 |
Title
Legal Sidebari EMTALA Emergency Abortion Care Litigation Over Idaho s Abortion Restriction Heads to the Supreme Court April 22, 2024 On April 24, 2024, the Supreme Court is set to hear oral argument in Moyle v. United States, a case about access to emergency abortion services. Specifically, the case concerns whether the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), a federal law that ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12639 |
Title
April 22, 2024 SBA s Rural Activities The U.S. Small Business Administration s (SBA s) mission is to aid, counsel, assist, and protect the interests of small businesses. While SBA generally helps small businesses regardless of location, small businesses may constitute a larger proportion of businesses in rural areas. According to SBA s Office of Advocacy (Advocacy), as of August 2023, nearly 85% ...
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| Date April 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12643 |
Title
April 22, 2024 Access to Criminal History Record Information for Noncriminal Justice Purposes In the interest of allowing states to screen people who might work in professions where they would be responsible for caring for vulnerable people or where public safety concerns are implicated, Congress has passed legislation to allow the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to facilitate the exchange ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. R46873 |
Title
Emergency Response to Extreme Heat: Federal Financial Assistance and Considerations for Congress Updated April 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46873 SUMMARY Emergency Response to Extreme Heat: Federal Financial Assistance and Considerations for Congress R46873 April 19, 2024 Erica A. Lee, Coordinator Specialist in Emergency Management and Disaster Recovery ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. R47542 |
Title
Honoring Our PACT Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-168): Expansion of Health Care Eligibility and Toxic Exposure Screenings Updated April 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47542 SUMMARY Honoring Our PACT Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-168): Expansion of Health Care Eligibility and Toxic Exposure Screenings R47542 April 19, 2024 Sidath Viranga Panangala Specialist in Veterans ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. R48043 |
Title
Race-Conscious Admissions and Equal Protection in Higher Education April 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48043 SUMMARY Race-Conscious Admissions and Equal Protection in Higher Education R48043 April 19, 2024 April J. Anderson Legislative Attorney In its 2023 decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, the Supreme Court upended decades-old precedent ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12237 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Status of Legislative Activity Updated April 19, 2024 On March 23, 2024, Congress enacted the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 as Division A of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-47), a package of six appropriations acts known as a minibus. Enactment of the legislation occurred nearly six months after the October 1 ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. R44027 |
Title
Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources Updated April 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44027 Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources Summary USAspending.gov, available at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), county, city, and zip ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. IF12638 |
Title
April 19, 2024 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2025 Appropriations Introduction The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI), has a mission to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats. Congress funds FWS through discretionary and mandatory appropriations. FWS discretionary appropriations typically are included ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN11563 |
Title
INSIGHTi Planning and Paying for College: Federal Government Resources Updated April 19, 2024 This Insight describes federal online resources intended to help students and parents plan and acquire funds for postsecondary education. These include federal resources that provide general information on scholarships, grants, fellowships, and internships for undergraduate and graduate students; federal ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF11096 |
Title
Updated April 18, 2024 The Congressional Review Act: Defining a Rule and Overturning a Rule an Agency Did Not Submit to Congress The Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. 801-808) provides Congress with a mechanism to review federal agency actions that meet the CRA s definition of rule. Enacted in 1996, the CRA requires agencies to report the issuance of rules to Congress and provides Congress ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF12635 |
Title
April 18, 2024 Continuing Authorities Programs (CAPs) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) can study and implement certain types of water resource projects without project-specific congressional authorization under its programmatic authorities, known as continuing authorities programs (CAPs). Pursuant to congressionally established CAPs, USACE has authority ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11150 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Takings Claims in DeVillier v. Texas Awash in Procedural Matters April 18, 2024 In April 2024, the United States Supreme Court issued its opinion in a DeVillier v. Texas, a case brought by landowners who sought compensation for property damage caused by the state. Several years ago, Texas constructed a three-foot wall along a highway to serve as a barrier that could protect the road ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. R44413 |
Title
Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation: In Brief Updated April 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44413 SUMMARY Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation: In Brief R44413 April 18, 2024 Mary Beth D. Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation The Department of Energy s (DOE s) ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. R46293 |
Title
Earth Day: Fact Sheet Updated April 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46293 Earth Day: Fact Sheet Introduction Earth Day is an annual event to raise awareness about environmental issues. First held on April 22, 1970, it is celebrated each year on April 22. This fact sheet assists congressional offices with work related to Earth Day. It contains historical ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF11395 |
Title
Updated April 18, 2024 Changes to India s Citizenship Laws Many in Congress have taken interest in human rights and religious freedom in India. In late 2019, India s parliament passed, and its president signed into law, the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, amending the country s 1955 Citizenship Act. For the first time in independent India s history, a religious criterion was added to the ...
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| Date April 18, 2024 |
Report No. IF11484 |
Title
Updated April 18, 2024 U.S. Repatriation Program for Citizens Returned from Abroad Introduction Section 1113 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1313) permanently authorizes the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to provide temporary aid to certain repatriated U.S. citizens and their dependents. To be eligible, citizens must (1) be without available resources and (2) be ...
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| Date April 17, 2024 |
Report No. R46014 |
Title
FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview Updated April 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46014 SUMMARY FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview R46014 April 17, 2024 Elizabeth M. Webster Specialist in Emergency Following a presidential declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Management and Disaster Disaster ...
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| Date April 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF11837 |
Title
Updated April 17, 2024 The Paperwork Reduction Act and Federal Collections of Information: A Brief Overview Congress enacted the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) in 1980 and reauthorized it in 1995 (codified at 44 U.S.C. 3501-3521) in part to address a concern that the federal government was requiring businesses, individuals, and other entities to spend too much time filling out paperwork at the ...
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| Date April 17, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11148 |
Title
Legal Sidebari FISA Section 702 Sunset, Authorization, and Potential Extension April 17, 2024 Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) as amended by the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (FAA), FISA Amendments Act of 2017, and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (NDAA FY2024) will sunset on April 19, 2024. Title VII includes Section 702, which governs ...
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| Date April 17, 2024 |
Report No. RS21534 |
Title
Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy Updated April 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21534 SUMMARY Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy RS21534 April 17, 2024 Since the British withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in the early 1970s, Oman has relied on the United States as a key defense partner, and successive U.S. presidential administrations have ...
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| Date April 17, 2024 |
Report No. R48038 |
Title
U.S. LNG Exports to Non-FTA Countries: Frequently Asked Questions Updated April 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48038 U.S. LNG Exports to Non-FTA Countries: Frequently Asked Questions Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Questions and ...
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| Date April 17, 2024 |
Report No. IN12349 |
Title
Shelter and Services Program (SSP) FY2024 Funding April 17, 2024 On April 12, 2024, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) announced the availability of FY2024 Shelter and Services Program (SSP) grant funding. The SSP funds nonfederal entities providing food, shelter, transportation, and supportive services to noncitizen migrants released from Department of Homeland Security (DHS) custody. ...
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| Date April 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48034 |
Title
Illustrative Examples of Premium Tax Credit Variation Among Hypothetical Households April 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48034 SUMMARY Illustrative Examples of Premium Tax Credit Variation Among Hypothetical Households Individuals without access to subsidized health insurance coverage may be eligible for the premium tax credit (PTC), a federal subsidy that ...
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| Date April 16, 2024 |
Report No. R48033 |
Title
Class VI Carbon Sequestration Wells: Permitting and State Program Primacy April 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48033 SUMMARY Class VI Carbon Sequestration Wells: Permitting and State Program Primacy R48033 April 16, 2024 Angela C. Jones Analyst in Environmental The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates wells used for underground injection ...
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| Date April 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF12499 |
Title
Updated April 16, 2024 Bureau of Land Management: FY2024 Appropriations The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), manages 245 million acres of federal land, nearly all in the West. Under its multiple-use mission, BLM manages lands for diverse purposes, including livestock grazing, energy development, recreation, and conservation. The agency also administers ...
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| Date April 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF12135 |
Title
Updated April 16, 2024 The U.S. Army s Typhon Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System What Is the Army s Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System? Reported improvements to Russian and Chinese artillery systems present a challenge to the U.S. Army. Improved longer-ranged artillery systems, new employment techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the proliferation of special munitions (such ...
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| Date April 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF12634 |
Title
April 16, 2024 The Deliberative Process Privilege in Congress The executive branch sometimes invokes the deliberative process privilege (DPP) in response to requests for information from Congress and the public, both in litigation and, with respect to the former, in the course of congressional investigations. The DPP is recognized primarily as a common-law privilege, although some courts have ...
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