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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10275 |
Title
Updated May 23, 2024 Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations Introduction Taiwan, which also calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is a self-governing democracy of 23.4 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. The United States terminated diplomatic relations with the ROC on January 1, 1979, in order to establish diplomatic relations with the People s Republic of ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12366 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel and Hamas: Possible International Criminal Court (ICC) Arrest Warrants May 23, 2024 On May 20, 2024, International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor Karim Khan filed applications for warrants of arrest before a Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) of the ICC in the Situation in the State of Palestine. He seeks to indict top leaders of Israel including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and of the ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10209 |
Title
Updated May 23, 2024 U.S.-Vietnam Relations Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1995, overlapping strategic and economic interests have led the two countries to expand ties across a wide spectrum of issues. Particularly since 2010, the two governments have formed partnerships on many regional security and economic ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11163 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Litigation Continues Over Use of Contract Pharmacies in 340B Drug Discount Program Updated May 23, 2024 The 340B Drug Discount Program enables eligible hospitals and other safety net providers to purchase outpatient prescription drugs at discounted prices. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), an operating division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human ...
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| Date May 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF10115 |
Title
Updated May 23, 2024 Social Services Block Grant Introduction The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) is a flexible funding stream used by states and territories to support a wide variety of social services. At the federal level, the SSBG is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Table 1 shows recent TANF transfer levels, as reported in TANF financial data published ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. R46602 |
Title
Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding Updated May 22, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46602 SUMMARY Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding R46602 May 22, 2024 Henry B. Hogue Specialist in American The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (PTA) authorizes funding for the General Services National Government Administration (GSA) to ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12042 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Separation and Severance Pay Congress has authorized separation or severance pay for involuntarily and voluntarily discharged servicemembers throughout most of the military s history (see Table 1). The purposes for these authorities has been three-fold: (1) to ease the transition to civilian life for servicemembers with minor physical disabilities; (2) ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11526 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 U.S.-Kenya Trade Negotiations The United States and Kenya began free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations in 2020 under then-President Donald Trump and then-President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya. The Joseph R. Biden Administration did not continue the FTA talks; it instead launched the U.S.-Kenya Strategic Trade and Investment Partnership (STIP) in July 2022. STIP aims to establish ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12673 |
Title
May 22, 2024 Burden and the Paperwork Reduction Act: An Overview A fundamental purpose of the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) codified at Title 44, Sections 3501-3521, of the U.S. Code is to minimize the burden that federal information collections impose on the public. Agencies must often collect information to fulfill their missions and must identify the practical utility, or usefulness, of ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12040 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Since then, the United States has committed more than $52 billion in security assistance to support Ukraine s efforts to defend itself against Russia s aggression, secure ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12640 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 TikTok and China s Digital Platforms: Issues for Congress Congress and U.S. policymakers at the federal and state levels have taken steps to address their national securityrelated concerns about the People s Republic of China s (PRC or China) influence over PRC digital platforms operating in the United States. Most U.S. actions to date have focused on TikTok, owned by ...
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| Date May 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11546 |
Title
Updated May 22, 2024 Removal of Inspectors General: Rules, Practice, and Considerations for Congress In 1978, Congress passed the Inspector General Act (IG Act; P.L. 95-452) with the intent to improve oversight within certain executive branch agencies. During the floor debate on the legislation, Senator Thomas Eagleton described independence as the most important characteristic of the inspectors ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. R47624 |
Title
Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations Updated May 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47624 SUMMARY Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Congressional Workplace Rights; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. R47337 |
Title
Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Resources for Federal, State, and Local Funding Updated May 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47337 SUMMARY Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Resources for Federal, State, and Local Funding R47337 May 21, 2024 Carly A. Miller Research Librarian This report provides selected resources to ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. R48074 |
Title
DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2025 May 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48074 SUMMARY DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2025 On March 11, 2024, President Joe Biden s Administration released its budget request for FY2025, including $107.74 billion in total non-contingent budget authority for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS is the third largest ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. R42672 |
Title
The Crime Victims Fund (CVF): Federal Support for Victims of Crime Updated May 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42672 SUMMARY The Crime Victims Fund (CVF): Federal Support for Victims of Crime R42672 May 21, 2024 Lisa N. Sacco Analyst in Illicit Drugs and In 1984, the Crime Victims Fund (CVF, or the Fund) was established by the Victims of Crime Crime Policy ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. R47599 |
Title
AUKUS Pillar 2 (Advanced Capabilities): Background and Issues for Congress Updated May 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47599 SUMMARY AUKUS Pillar 2 (Advanced Capabilities): Background and Issues for Congress AUKUS Pillar 2 refers to a suite of cooperative activities conducted by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia to develop and field ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF11626 |
Title
Updated May 21, 2024 The Armed Forces Retirement Home Since the late 1700s, Congress has established numerous federal programs to provide housing, housing assistance, and health care support to certain wounded, ill, or injured servicemembers, military retirees, and other veterans. Some of those programs included the establishment of military asylums for temporarily or permanently disabled ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF10684 |
Title
Updated May 21, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Enlisted Personnel Grade and Rank The Armed Forces are hierarchical organizations with clearly defined levels of authority. These different levels are called grades, while rank refers to the order of precedence among those in different grades and within the same grade (e.g., someone who has been a Sergeant for three years outranks someone who has been ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF11755 |
Title
Updated May 21, 2024 The Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) Background The Marine Corps describes the Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) as The Corps next-generation vehicle designed to move Marines from ship to shore (Figure 1). Designed to replace the Corps aging Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV), which has been in service since 1972, the ACV will be the primary means of tactical mobility ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12365 |
Title
INSIGHTi Iran s President Dies in Helicopter Crash May 21, 2024 On May 19, 2024, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, and several other officials were killed when their helicopter crashed amid bad weather in mountainous northwestern Iran. Raisi s death comes at a particularly tense moment for the Iranian government, which last month launched its first-ever ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF11725 |
Title
Updated May 21, 2024 Bulgaria: An Overview After decades of single-party communist rule and a difficult transition period in the 1990s, Bulgaria joined NATO in 2004 and the European Union (EU) in 2007. Bulgaria s Black Sea location and NATO and EU memberships make it an important U.S. partner. Members of Congress may monitor several issues in Bulgaria with implications for the U.S.-Bulgaria ...
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| Date May 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12387 |
Title
Updated May 21, 2024 EPA s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed H.R. 5376 (P.L. 117-169), a budget reconciliation measure commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA). IRA contains eight titles, each with some provisions that directly or indirectly address issues related to climate change, including the reduction of U.S. greenhouse ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. R48073 |
Title
HUD s Consolidated Planning Process: An Overview May 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48073 HUD s Consolidated Planning Process: An Overview HUD s Consolidated Planning Process: An Overview The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Community Planning and Development (CPD) administers several formula grant programs that provide funds to ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. R48071 |
Title
The Agricultural Cooperative Extension System: An Overview May 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48071 SUMMARY The Agricultural Cooperative Extension System: An Overview The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et. seq.) established the Agricultural Cooperative Extension System (CES), or simply extension, which delivers research-based knowledge to farmers, ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. R48069 |
Title
Overview of the National Estuary Program (NEP) May 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48069 SUMMARY Overview of the National Estuary Program (NEP) R48069 May 20, 2024 Laura Gatz Specialist in Environmental Estuaries coastal waterbodies where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with the ocean s Policy saltwater are among the world s most productive ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11167 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 13 May 19, 2024) May 20, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF10483 |
Title
Updated May 20, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Retirement The military retirement system is a government-funded system that provides a defined benefit to all retirees and matching government contributions to the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) for eligible servicemembers. It has historically been viewed as a significant retention incentive for military personnel. The system includes monthly compensation ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF12517 |
Title
Updated May 20, 2024 U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement On March 28, 2023, the United States and Japan signed a critical minerals agreement (CMA) covering five key minerals related to the production of batteries for clean vehicles (commonly referred to as electric vehicles or EVs ). The U.S.-Japan CMA entered into force immediately upon signature. The CMA seeks to address Japan s concerns ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IN12364 |
Title
INSIGHTi A Brief Summary of the Telework Transparency Act of 2024 (S. 4043) May 20, 2024 On March 21, 2024, Senators Gary Peters and Joni Ernst introduced the Telework Transparency Act of 2024 (S. 4043). The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs discussed the bill at a May 15, 2024, markup and continues to consider it. As discussed in this Insight, S. 4043 includes ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF12669 |
Title
May 20, 2024 The Terrorist Watchlist The Terrorist Screening Dataset (TSDS), more commonly referred to as the Terrorist Watchlist (or the Watchlist) and formerly known as the Terrorist Screening Database, is the U.S. government s consolidated dataset containing sensitive, but not classified, law enforcement and national security information regarding those who are known to be or are reasonably ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IN12363 |
Title
INSIGHTi Removal of Inspectors General: The First Tests of New Statutory Requirements May 20, 2024 In the past two months, President Biden has twice exercised his authority to change the leadership of inspector general (IG) offices by notifying Congress of his intent to remove the IG for the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) and replacing the acting IG for the Department of Commerce. These are the ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF12670 |
Title
May 20, 2024 Tokenized Assets Tokenization refers to a form of digitized finance in which real-world assets (RWAs) financial assets such as securities, bank deposits, and real estate are recorded and traded on a programmable platform, such as a blockchain. The term has become a byword for how discussions about blockchains have shifted from cryptocurrency one of their primary uses to other ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF12525 |
Title
Updated May 20, 2024 The IRS Technology Modernization Program: An Overview The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects 95% of the funds needed to operate federal government programs and agencies. In FY2023, the agency collected $4.7 trillion in gross revenues, processed 272 million tax returns and other forms, and issued $659 billion in refunds. The IRS s information technology (IT) systems are ...
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| Date May 20, 2024 |
Report No. IF10228 |
Title
Updated May 20, 2024 U.S.-Singapore Relations Overview With a land area about three times that of Washington, DC, and a population of 5.9 million, the city-state of Singapore has long punched above its weight diplomatically. Its stable government, strong economy, educated citizenry, and strategic setting along key shipping lanes afford it considerable leverage and a prominent role in regional and ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. R48067 |
Title
Attacks on Ukraine s Electric Grid: Insights for U.S. Infrastructure Security and Resilience May 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48067 SUMMARY Attacks on Ukraine s Electric Grid: Insights for U.S. Infrastructure Security and Resilience R48067 May 17, 2024 Brian E. Humphreys Analyst in Science and Russia has conducted a deliberate campaign to destroy ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. R48068 |
Title
The Rights of Students with Disabilities Under the IDEA, Section 504, and the ADA May 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48068 SUMMARY The Rights of Students with Disabilities Under the IDEA, Section 504, and the ADA R48068 May 17, 2024 Abigail A. Graber Legislative Attorney The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF10161 |
Title
Updated May 17, 2024 International Trade and Jobs The 118th Congress is engaged in a range of legislative and oversight activities related to trade. The impact of trade agreements on U.S. jobs has been a key, long-standing policy consideration for Members of Congress. There is broad consensus among economists that, in the aggregate, the economic benefits of trade, such as lower prices and a ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF10177 |
Title
Updated May 17, 2024 The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is an interagency committee chaired by the Secretary of the Treasury. It serves the President in overseeing the national security risks of certain foreign direct investment (FDI) in the U.S. economy. CFIUS jurisdiction includes the review of mergers, ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12542 |
Title
Updated May 17, 2024 Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2024 Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation s ocean energy resources on almost 2.5 billion acres of the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development; the Bureau of Safety and ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. IN12223 |
Title
INSIGHTi An Overview of H.R. 4763, Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act Updated May 17, 2024 On Friday May 10, the House Committee on Rules publicly noticed its intent to consider H.R. 4763, the Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act (FIT21), which could lead to a floor vote later this month. The bill, as amended, would introduce significant changes to ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12415 |
Title
Updated May 17, 2024 CFIUS Executive Order on Evolving National Security Risks and CFIUS Enforcement Guidelines On September 15, 2022, the Biden Administration issued the first-ever presidential directive defining additional national security factors for the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to consider in evaluating foreign investment transactions. Executive Order 14083 ...
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| Date May 17, 2024 |
Report No. IG10053 |
Title
Seabed Mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone May 17, 2024 Author Information Caitlin Keating-Bitonti Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Emma Kaboli Analyst in Energy Policy Corrie E. Clark Specialist in Energy Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It ...
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| Date May 16, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11165 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Disrupting Botnets: An Overview of Seizure Warrants and Other Legal Tools May 16, 2024 In January and February 2024, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the disruption of two different foreign-state-sponsored botnets. The term botnet is a portmanteau of robot and network. It generally refers to a network of computers and computerized devices infected with malware (i.e., ...
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| Date May 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF10521 |
Title
Updated May 16, 2024 Defense Primer: Command and Control of Nuclear Forces The U.S. President has sole authority to authorize the use of U.S. nuclear weapons. This authority is inherent in his constitutional role as Commander in Chief. The President can seek counsel from his military advisors; those advisors are then required to transmit and implement the orders authorizing nuclear use. But, as ...
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| Date May 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF10767 |
Title
Updated May 16, 2024 Farm Credit Administration and Its Board Members Overview Congress oversees the Farm Credit Administration (FCA), which is the federal financial regulator responsible for ensuring the safety and soundness of Farm Credit System (FCS) institutions and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac). FCA is directed by a threemember board of directors nominated by the ...
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| Date May 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF12510 |
Title
Updated May 16, 2024 U.S.-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement On January 31, 1979, weeks after the United States and the People s Republic of China (PRC, or China) established diplomatic relations, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and PRC leader Deng Xiaoping signed the U.S.-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement (STA), the first major agreement between the two governments. ...
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| Date May 16, 2024 |
Report No. IN12362 |
Title
INSIGHTi Regulation of Data Brokers: Executive Order 14117 on Preventing Access to Americans Sensitive Data by Countries of Concern May 16, 2024 In February 2024, the Biden Administration issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14117 Preventing Access to Americans Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern. E.O. 14117 authorizes the Attorney General, in ...
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| Date May 16, 2024 |
Report No. IF11735 |
Title
Updated May 16, 2024 China s One Belt, One Road Initiative: Economic Issues The People s Republic of China (PRC or China) in 2013 launched an ambitious and multifaceted foreign economic policy initiative One Belt, One Road to expand China s global economic reach and influence. In 2015, China s leaders changed the English name to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), possibly to deflect from the ...
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| Date May 15, 2024 |
Report No. R47553 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations Updated May 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47553 SUMMARY R47553 Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations May 15, 2024 The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations (E&W) bill funds civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the Department of ...
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