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| Date June 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11198 |
Title
Legal Sidebari D.C. Circuit Limits FOIA s Consultant Corollary for Members and Staff June 24, 2024 Members of Congress and the executive branch frequently engage in discussions about pending legislative proposals. The frankness of those conversations may depend on the likelihood that the content of those communications remains secret. The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) does not provide public ...
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| Date June 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12692 |
Title
June 21, 2024 Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science conducts most of the department s basic research, in fields ranging from nuclear physics to the biological and environmental sciences, and oversees 10 of the department s 17 national laboratories (see Figure 1). For FY2024, Congress appropriated $8.24 billion in the Consolidated ...
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| Date June 21, 2024 |
Report No. R47295 |
Title
Economic Forecasts and Projections: Fact Sheet Updated June 21, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47295 SUMMARY Economic Forecasts and Projections: Fact Sheet R47295 June 21, 2024 Ben Leubsdorf Research Librarian Economic projections (also called forecasts) are predictions about the future behavior of economic and financial indicators. They can help lawmakers in ...
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| Date June 21, 2024 |
Report No. IN12385 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S.-Ukraine Bilateral Security Agreement June 21, 2024 On June 13, 2024, President Biden and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a 10-year bilateral security agreement during the G7 summit. (Ukraine has signed bilateral security agreements with 15 countries and, as of June, is negotiating with 16 others.) The agreement is an executive agreement and does not require ...
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| Date June 21, 2024 |
Report No. IF12693 |
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June 21, 2024 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Overpayments Due to Earnings Supplemental Security Income (SSI) SSI is a means-tested federal assistance program that provides monthly cash payments to older adults and individuals with qualifying disabilities who have income and resources (e.g., assets) within prescribed limits. The program is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA ...
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| Date June 21, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11181 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Second Amendment Permits Temporarily Disarming Persons Subject to Domestic Violence Restraining Orders June 21, 2024 In 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit issued an opinion holding 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(8) which generally prohibits persons subject to certain domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms unconstitutional under the Second Amendment. On ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. R46858 |
Title
Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections Updated June 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46858 Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 European Elections in ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. IN12021 |
Title
INSIGHTi Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP) Updated June 20, 2024 The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014 (WIFIA 2014, Title V, Subtitle C, of P.L. 113-121; 33 U.S.C. 3901-3915, as amended) authorized the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to provide credit assistance direct loans or loan guarantees to eligible entities for water resource projects. USACE s ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. IN12383 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Biden Administration s Proclamation and Rule, Securing the Border, and DHS Operational Constraints June 20, 2024 Citing record high levels of enforcement encounters at the Southwest land border (SWB), President Biden signed a Presidential Proclamation on June 3, 2024, that suspends and limits the entry of certain migrants at the southern border with no legal basis for admission. On ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. IN12384 |
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INSIGHTi Stafford Act Declarations for Extreme Heat June 20, 2024 The United States has experienced record-setting high temperatures thus far in 2024, continuing a trend observed in 2023 the hottest year on record, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). U.S. government authorities and scientific organizations ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11179 |
Title
Legal Sidebari What Time Is It for the ACCA?: Supreme Court Clarifies When State Drug Offenses Qualify as Serious Drug Offenses June 20, 2024 The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) imposes a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment when a person convicted of unlawfully possessing a firearm has three or more prior violent felony or serious drug (controlled substance) predicate convictions. In Brown v. ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10920 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Supreme Court Invalidates the ATF s Bump-Stock Ban Updated June 20, 2024 Congressional interest in bump-stock devices accessories that allow semiautomatic rifles effectively to mimic the firing capabilities of a fully automatic weapon grew after authorities discovered that the perpetrator of the October 2017 mass shooting in Las Vegas had attached such devices to several of his ...
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| Date June 20, 2024 |
Report No. R42603 |
Title
Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies: History, Membership, and Inaugural Activities Updated June 20, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42603 SUMMARY Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies: History, Membership, and Inaugural Activities R42603 June 20, 2024 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the Congress Every four years, at noon on ...
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| Date June 18, 2024 |
Report No. TE10103 |
Title
Statement of William R. Morton Analyst in Income Security Before Finance Committee U.S. Senate Hearing on Work and Social Security Disability Benefits: Addressing Challenges and Creating Opportunities June 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10103 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Wyden, Ranking Member Crapo, and other distinguished Members of the ...
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| Date June 18, 2024 |
Report No. R40482 |
Title
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts Updated June 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40482 SUMMARY Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts The annual Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) ...
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| Date June 18, 2024 |
Report No. RS22331 |
Title
Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt Updated June 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22331 Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt Summary This report presents current data on ownership of U.S. Treasury securities and major holders of federal debt by country. Federal debt represents the accumulated balance of borrowing by the federal government. The gross debt is ...
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| Date June 18, 2024 |
Report No. R48108 |
Title
The Department of Labor s 2024 Final Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts June 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48108 SUMMARY The Department of Labor s 2024 Final Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts R48108 June 18, 2024 Elizabeth A. Myers Analyst ...
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| Date June 18, 2024 |
Report No. IN12382 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposal to Create a U.S. Army Drone Corps June 18, 2024 Introduction A provision of the House-passed H.R. 8070, the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, would establish the Drone Corps as a basic branch of the U.S. Army, one responsible for small and medium uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) and defensive counter-UAS. If the ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. R48104 |
Title
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Public Accommodations in Web Services June 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48104 SUMMARY The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Public Accommodations in Web Services The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses open to the public to accommodate people with disabilities. To comply, ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. R47245 |
Title
SBA Disaster Loan Limits: Policy Options and Considerations Updated June 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47245 SUMMARY SBA Disaster Loan Limits: Policy Options and Considerations The Small Business Administration (SBA) Disaster Loan Program provides disaster loans to eligible households and businesses to help them rebuild and recover after a disaster. SBA ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11180 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 10 June 16, 2024) June 17, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12691 |
Title
June 17, 2024 PACs and Super PACs in Federal Election Campaigns: Legal Framework Political action committees (PACs) and super PACs play significant roles in federal election campaigns by raising and spending money to influence elections. While PACs have been a part of the campaign finance ecosystem for decades, super PACs originated in 2010. This In Focus provides an overview of the legal origins ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. IN12381 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hemp Provisions in the House Farm Bill and FY2025 Agriculture Appropriations Bill June 17, 2024 Recent action by the House Agriculture Committee on the next farm bill (Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024; H.R. 8467, as amended) and the House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee on the FY2025 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10929 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Can Retribution Justify the Revocation of Supervised Release? Courts Disagree. Updated June 17, 2024 What are the legitimate reasons that a government may subject an individual to criminal punishment? Western penological theory and American legal history generally identify four principled bases for criminal punishment: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. The ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF11879 |
Title
Updated June 17, 2024 National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional Considerations Every two years, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conducts a National Level Exercise (NLE) to evaluate the nation s progress towards preparedness for catastrophic events. These exercises have multiple components, and culminate in a large, full-scale exercise with thousands of ...
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| Date June 17, 2024 |
Report No. IF12690 |
Title
June 17, 2024 International Agreement on Plastic Pollution: Negotiations Global plastic waste is projected to almost triple by 2060. Plastic waste can cause environmental pollution, because it can break down into microplastic or nanoplastic particles. Some plastics also pose human health hazards. There are ongoing international efforts to address global plastic pollution. Some of these efforts ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. R48096 |
Title
Modernization of the Community Reinvestment Act June 14, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48096 SUMMARY Modernization of the Community Reinvestment Act R48096 June 14, 2024 Darryl E. Getter Specialist in Financial The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA: P.L. 95-128, 12 U.S.C. 2901-2908) addresses how Economics banking institutions meet the credit needs of the areas ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IN12378 |
Title
INSIGHTi Desalination: Converting Saline Water into a Municipal Water Source June 14, 2024 Desalination may now or in the future play a significant role in the supply of potable water for some municipalities, a possibility that has created growing congressional interest in desalination technologies. Additionally, desalination technologies have applications in military and disaster relief ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IF12689 |
Title
June 14, 2024 Recovering Funds from Parties Liable: Stafford Act Authorities Introduction The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) authorizes the President to provide federal response, recovery, and mitigation assistance for emergencies and major disasters. The President has delegated most Stafford Act ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IN12379 |
Title
INSIGHTi Employment and Training Services for Noncustodial Parents in the Child Support Program: Background and Summary of Proposed Rule June 14, 2024 All 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and certain tribal nations operate Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs pursuant to Title IV-D ( 451-469) of the Social Security Act (SSA). The program is ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IF11010 |
Title
Updated June 14, 2024 Medicaid Coverage for Former Foster Youth Up to Age 26 Children are removed from families and placed into foster care due to incidents of abuse, neglect, or other family crisis. During FY2022, nearly 570,000 children spent at least a day in foster care. Out of more than 201,000 young people who exited foster care that year, over 18,000 emancipated (or aged out). In this ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IN12316 |
Title
INSIGHTi The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA): Overview and U.S. Funding Prohibition Updated June 14, 2024 On January 26, 2024, the Biden Administration temporarily paused all U.S. funding to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), citing allegations that 12 UNRWA employees were involved in ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IF12688 |
Title
June 14, 2024 Project Safe Childhood and the National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction Countering child sexual exploitation is a perennial issue for policymakers, law enforcement, and the public. Project Safe Childhood (PSC) is the Department of Justice s (DOJ s) nationwide initiative to counter child sexual exploitation and abuse. To complement PSC, DOJ has a National ...
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| Date June 14, 2024 |
Report No. IF12433 |
Title
Updated June 14, 2024 Automobiles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change On August 5, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order 14037, Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks (86 FR 43583). The order required, among other items, executive agencies to revisit and amend the federal standards that regulate air pollution emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and fuel economy of ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12376 |
Title
INSIGHTi Banking Legislation in the 118th Congress June 13, 2024 This Insight outlines the banking and credit union bills that have seen committee or floor action in the 118th Congress and provides links to other CRS resources. It does not cover bills that indirectly affect banks, such as bills that affect the treatment of certain loans made by banks and nonbank financial institutions. Bills That ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. R48095 |
Title
Voluntary Carbon Credit Markets and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission June 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48095 SUMMARY Voluntary Carbon Markets and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission A carbon market generally refers to an economic framework that supports the buying and selling of carbon credits or offsets representing a measurable reduction, ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. R48094 |
Title
Foreign Ownership, Control, and Influence (FOCI) Risks in the Food and Agriculture Sector June 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48094 SUMMARY Foreign Ownership, Control, and Influence (FOCI) Risks in the Food and Agriculture Sector In recent years, congressional concerns over potential risks to domestic food security posed by foreign ownership, control, and ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. R44865 |
Title
Juneteenth: Fact Sheet Updated June 13, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44865 SUMMARY Juneteenth: Fact Sheet Juneteenth celebrates the end of slavery in the United States. It is also known as Emancipation Day, Freedom Day, Jubilee Day, Juneteenth Independence Day, Black Independence Day, and, by statute, Juneteenth National Independence Day. On June 19, 1865, ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF10298 |
Title
Updated June 13, 2024 India s Domestic Political Setting Overview India, the world s most populous country, is, according to its Constitution, a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic where the bulk of executive power rests with the prime minister and his Council of Ministers. The Indian president is a ceremonial chief of state with limited executive powers. Since its 1947 independence ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. IN12032 |
Title
Mountain Valley Pipeline: Past the Finish Line Updated June 13, 2024 The Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) is a 303-mile natural gas transmission pipeline linking natural gas fields in West Virginia to the Transco pipeline in Virginia (Figure 1). Initially proposed in 2014, the project took nearly a decade to complete after numerous permitting challenges in federal court, which repeatedly caused ...
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| Date June 13, 2024 |
Report No. IF11313 |
Title
Updated June 13, 2024 Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps Background The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC) is a federally funded program of instruction for high schoolaged students administered by the armed forces. The purpose of JROTC, according to 10 U.S.C. 2031 is to instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the values of citizenship ...
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| Date June 12, 2024 |
Report No. R48093 |
Title
Federal-Tribal Consultation: Background and Issues for Congress June 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48093 SUMMARY Federal-Tribal Consultation: Background and Issues for Congress In recent decades, congressional interest in federal-tribal consultation on federal actions has grown, especially as some federally recognized Tribes ( Tribes ) and other ...
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| Date June 12, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11178 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Biden Administration s June 2024 Proclamation and Rule, Securing the Border June 12, 2024 On June 3, 2024, President Biden pursuant to statutory authorities under 8 U.S.C. 1182(f), 8 U.S.C. 1185(a), and 3 U.S.C. 301 signed a proclamation, Securing the Border (Proclamation), that temporarily suspends and limits the entry of aliens at the southern border, with exceptions for U.S. ...
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| Date June 12, 2024 |
Report No. IF12687 |
Title
June 12, 2024 Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Public Parks Congress has established programs to assist constituents including individuals, organizations, tribes, and local governments with projects to establish or upgrade public parks and related outdoor recreation facilities. These parks and facilities could include athletic fields, courts, trails, playgrounds, community ...
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| Date June 12, 2024 |
Report No. IN12375 |
Title
INSIGHTi Natural Disasters and the Homeowners Insurance Market June 12, 2024 Insurance consumers in parts of the United States have been experiencing higher prices and gaps in coverage, with households often struggling to find and afford homeowners insurance that sufficiently protects against hazards such as wind and wildfire. This may leave some households unable to find insurance outside of ...
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| Date June 12, 2024 |
Report No. IG10056 |
Title
Understanding the Content of an Appropriations Bill June 12, 2024 Author Information Megan S. Lynch Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. R48092 |
Title
Can Tax Policy Increase Saving? June 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48092 SUMMARY Can Tax Policy Increase Saving? National saving consists of (1) business saving by corporations; (2) personal saving by individuals; (3) saving (or more often dissaving) by the federal government; and (4) saving by state and local governments. Policymakers have been concerned ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. R48100 |
Title
Analysis of the Adult Activities Allotment Formula under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act June 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48100 SUMMARY Analysis of the Adult Activities Allotment Formula under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 (WIOA; P.L. 113-128) is the primary federal ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. R48091 |
Title
Contributions to Defined Contribution Retirement Plans June 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48091 SUMMARY Contributions to Defined Contribution Retirement Plans Defined contribution (DC) retirement plans are a common employee benefit in the United States, with 63% of all American workers having access to such plans in 2023. These plans may be offered by ...
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| Date June 11, 2024 |
Report No. IN12037 |
Title
INSIGHTi Elections and Campaign Finance Policy: A CRS Podcast Series Updated June 11, 2024 The CRS podcast series on elections and campaign finance policy features CRS analysts discussing their areas of expertise. Each episode serves as an introductory briefing that interested listeners can access at their convenience. This Insight provides links congressional staff may use to access each podcast ...
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