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| Date Jan. 13, 2021 |
Report No. IN11362 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19-Related Suspension of Immigrant Entry Updated January 13, 2021 On December 31, 2020, President Trump issued a proclamation to extend Proclamation 10052, issued on June 22, 2020, through March 31, 2021. Proclamation 10052, among its other provisions, extends Proclamation 10014, issued April 22, 2020, which suspended the entry into the United States of certain aliens (foreign ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2021 |
Report No. IF11726 |
Title
January 13, 2021 th Middle East: Key Issues for the 117 Congress The Middle East in 2021 faces continued political instability, civil wars, terrorist threats, economic crises, the proliferation of unconventional weapons, external military intervention, and the ongoing spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It remains to be seen whether the territorial defeat of the Islamic State (IS) ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R44570 |
Title
U.S. Restrictions on Relations with Burma Updated January 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44570 U.S. Restrictions on Relations with Burma Summary Major changes in Burma s political situation since 2016 have raised questions among some Members of Congress concerning the appropriateness of U.S. policy toward Burma (Myanmar) in general, and the current ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R41873 |
Title
The Child Tax Credit: How It Works and Who Receives It Updated January 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41873 SUMMARY The Child Tax Credit: How It Works and Who Receives It This report provides an overview of the child tax credit under current law, including a review of temporary changes made to the credit by P.L. 115-97 (often referred to as the Tax Cuts ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. IN11008 |
Title
INSIGHTi Enactment of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (P.L. 116-323) Updated January 12, 2021 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimates landslides kill an average of 25-50 people each year in the United States and account for $1 billion-$2 billion annually in damages. The National Landslide Preparedness Act (P.L. 116-323), signed into law on January 5, 2021, authorized a national ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. IN11571 |
Title
INSIGHTi Stafford Act Emergency Declarations for Attacks on Federal Property January 12, 2021 In response to an attack (or other exigency) on federal property, the President may issue a declaration of an emergency under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288, Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.). This Insight describes the types of federal assistance that ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. IN11572 |
Title
INSIGHTi Cybersecurity Concerns Related to the Recent Breach of U.S. Capitol Security January 12, 2021 On January 6, 2021, individuals breached the U.S. Capitol security while a joint session of Congress met to certify the 2020 presidential election electoral votes. Upon illegally entering the Capitol, they entered and searched offices throughout the building. In the wake of this incident, experts ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10564 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Criminal Law: January 6, 2021, Unrest at the Capitol January 12, 2021 On January 6, 2021, a crowd gathered on the U.S. Capitol grounds, breached police barriers, entered the Capitol building, occupied portions of the building for an extended period of time, and clashed with law enforcement, resulting in at least five deaths, dozens of injuries, and damage to federal ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2021 |
Report No. IF11103 |
Title
Updated January 12, 2021 A Brief Comparison of Two Climate Change Mitigation Approaches: Cap-and-Trade and Carbon Tax (or Fee) Almost all climate scientists agree that greenhouse gas (GHG) emission increases have contributed to observed climate change and that continued increases in GHG emissions will contribute to future climate change. Although a variety of efforts seeking to reduce GHG ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. R44017 |
Title
Iran s Foreign and Defense Policies Updated January 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44017 SUMMARY Iran s Foreign and Defense Policies Iran s national security policy is arguably the product of overlapping and sometimes competing priorities such as the ideology of Iran s Islamic revolution, perception of threats to the regime and to the country, and long- ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. R46514 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2021 Appropriations Updated January 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46514 SUMMARY U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2021 Appropriations The United States provides foreign assistance to Latin American and Caribbean countries to support development and other U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. IN11318 |
Title
INSIGHTi The CARES Act (P.L. 116-136): Provisions Designed to Help Banks and Credit Unions Updated January 11, 2021 The economic effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may cause numerous borrowers to miss loan repayments, potentially leading to distress at banks and credit unions. Because of the importance of those institutions to the economy, regulators have implemented safety and ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. IN11568 |
Title
INSIGHTi CARES Act Bank and Credit Union Relief: Expirations and Extensions Under P.L. 116-260 January 11, 2021 The economic effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may cause numerous borrowers to miss loan repayments, potentially leading to distress at banks and credit unions. As part of Congress s response, Division A of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) included six sections 4008 ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. R46655 |
Title
Medicare Advantage (MA) Coverage of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Network Requirement Changes January 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46655 SUMMARY Medicare Advantage (MA) Coverage of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Network Requirement Changes R46655 January 11, 2021 Paulette C. Morgan Specialist in Health Care Financing Starting in calendar year ( ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. RS20785 |
Title
The Senate Powersharing Agreement of the 107th Congress (2001-2003): Key Features Updated January 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20785 SUMMARY The Senate Powersharing Agreement of the 107th Congress (2001-2003): Key Features The 2000 elections resulted in a Senate composed of 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats. A historic agreement, worked out by the party ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. R46640 |
Title
The Social Security Administration s Death Data: In Brief Updated January 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46640 The Social Security Administration s Death Data: In Brief Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Overview of SSA s Death Data ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. IF11723 |
Title
January 11, 2021 Unemployment Insurance Provisions in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division N, Title II, Subtitle A, the Continued Assistance for Unemployed Workers Act of 2020) The Unemployment Insurance (UI) provisions contained in Division N, Title II, Subtitle A of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260, enacted December 27, 2020) are titled the Continued ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. IF11724 |
Title
January 11, 2021 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2021 Appropriations The condition of the nation s drinking water and wastewater infrastructure, the federal role in supporting infrastructure improvements, and the financial challenges many communities encounter regarding water infrastructure are perennial subjects of debate and attention in Congress. ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. IN11569 |
Title
INSIGHTi Bill Presentment and the Pocket Veto at the Conclusion of a Congress January 11, 2021 After the sine die adjournment of a Congress, Members and staff may inquire about the status of legislation passed and sent to the President in the days immediately prior to adjournment. This Insight provides information on the constitutional bill presentment period, options for presidential action and ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2021 |
Report No. R43522 |
Title
National Special Security Events: Fact Sheet Updated January 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43522 National Special Security Events: Fact Sheet Introduction Major federal government or public events that are considered to be nationally significant may be designated by the President or his representative, the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46653 |
Title
Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 117th Congress January 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46653 SUMMARY Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 117th Congress Sales of U.S. agricultural products to foreign markets absorb about one-fifth of U.S. agricultural production, contributing significantly to the health of the farm economy. Farm product exports, ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46258 |
Title
Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Issues in the 116th Congress Updated January 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46258 SUMMARY Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Issues in the 116th Congress The United States maintains strong linkages with neighboring Latin America and the Caribbean based on geographic proximity and diverse U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R45710 |
Title
Housing Issues in the 116th Congress Updated January 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45710 SUMMARY Housing Issues in the 116th Congress With the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 and the resulting economic recession, pandemic relief and response dominated the housing policy considerations of the second session of the ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46654 |
Title
U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) Shipping and Shipbuilding Support Programs January 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46654 SUMMARY U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) Shipping and Shipbuilding Support Programs The U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) is one of the 11 operating administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Its mission is ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IF11465 |
Title
Updated January 8, 2021 Bureau of Reclamation: FY2021 Appropriations Overview The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), part of the Department of the Interior, is responsible for construction and operation of many of the large dams and water diversion structures in 17 coterminous western states. Reclamation s original mission was to develop water supplies, primarily for irrigation to reclaim arid ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IF10843 |
Title
Updated January 8, 2021 Protection of Federal Government Officials Overview In the aftermath of the breach of the U.S. Capitol security on January 6, 2021 while a joint session of Congress was counting and certifying the 2020 presidential election electoral votes and in response to increased political tension across the nation, there is renewed congressional interest in protective details for ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IN11567 |
Title
INSIGHTi CARES Act Title IV Financial Assistance Ends January 8, 2021 Under Title IV of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136), the U.S. Department of the Treasury made loans to specified industries and investments in Federal Reserve programs, authorized until the end of 2020. While Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed cases and deaths continue to ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IF11722 |
Title
January 8, 2021 House of Representatives Vacancies: How Are They Filled? Vacancies in the office of U.S. Representative occur when an incumbent Member dies, resigns, or leaves office for any reason before the end of their term. Multiple special elections to fill vacancies in the House of Representatives typically take place in each Congress. The same procedures apply if a Representative-elect dies ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2021 |
Report No. R46651 |
Title
Azerbaijan and Armenia: The NagornoKarabakh Conflict January 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46651 SUMMARY Azerbaijan and Armenia: The NagornoKarabakh Conflict In autumn 2020, a six-week war in the South Caucasus reshaped the dynamics of a decades-old conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. The dispute centers on the predominantly Armenianpopulated region ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2021 |
Report No. IF11721 |
Title
January 7, 2021 The Employee Retention and Employee Retention and Rehiring Tax Credits The March 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) included an employee retention tax credit designed to help businesses retain employees during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency. The credit was modified and expanded in December 2020, becoming ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2021 |
Report No. R46329 |
Title
Treasury and Federal Reserve Financial Assistance in Title IV of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46329 SUMMARY Treasury and Federal Reserve Financial Assistance in Title IV of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was enacted to assist those ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2021 |
Report No. R44725 |
Title
The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2021 |
Report No. IN11488 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Presidential Order Deferring Individual Payroll Taxes Updated January 6, 2021 On August 8, 2020, President Trump issued a presidential memorandum ordering the deferral of individual payroll tax obligations from September 1, 2020, through December 31, 2020. The deferral was for employees with biweekly compensation of generally less than $4,000. The memorandum directed the ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2021 |
Report No. IN11566 |
Title
INSIGHTi Military Installation Resilience: What Does It Mean? January 6, 2021 A misunderstanding that sometimes occurs when discussing military installations and resilience is the distinction between the Department of Defense s (DOD s) general responsibilities to ensure military installations are resilient and its statutory responsibility to provide military installation resilience. This latter ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2021 |
Report No. IN11435 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19-Related Suspension of Nonimmigrant Entry Updated January 6, 2021 On June 22, 2020 President Trump issued a proclamation (amended on June 29) suspending the entry of foreign nationals (aliens) in certain nonimmigrant (temporary) visa categories that allow foreign nationals to work in the United States. Citing the high unemployment rate resulting from public health measures to ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2021 |
Report No. IN11559 |
Title
INSIGHTi SolarWinds Attack No Easy Fix Updated January 6, 2021 On December 13, 2020, the cybersecurity firm FireEye published research that a malicious actor was exploiting a supply chain vulnerability in SolarWinds products to hack into government and private sector information technology (IT) networks. SolarWinds confirmed the security incident. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R46649 |
Title
The COVID-Related Tax Relief Act of 2020 and Other COVID-Related Tax Provisions in P.L. 116-260 January 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46649 The COVID-Related Tax Relief Act of 2020 Contents Tables Table 1. Provisions in the COVID-Related Tax Relief Act of 2020.......................................... 2 Table 2. Estimated Cost of the COVID-Related Tax ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R45942 |
Title
Issues in the Reauthorization of Amtrak Updated January 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45942 SUMMARY Issues in the Reauthorization of Amtrak Amtrak officially the National Railroad Passenger Corporation has been the national intercity passenger railroad since 1971, and currently serves over 500 stations on a network approximately 22,000 miles long. In some ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11470 |
Title
Updated January 5, 2021 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2021 Appropriations Introduction Congress generally funds the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS, an agency within the Department of the Interior [DOI]) in annual appropriations laws for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Discretionary appropriations for FWS fund many of the essential functions related to ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11700 |
Title
Updated January 5, 2021 Water Resources Development Act of 2020 Congress commonly titles omnibus legislation that authorizes U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) civil works activities as a Water Resources Development Act (WRDA). Since WRDA 1986, Congress often has considered a WRDA biennially. Drivers for enactment typically include nonfederal and congressional interest in new studies and ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11564 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Employment Across Industries January 5, 2021 The nature of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused differing economic outcomes across industries. Certain industries, such as those that require in-person contact, have been affected more than others by stay-at-home orders, social distancing mandates, and fears of the virus. This Insight discusses which ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11565 |
Title
INSIGHTi Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260): Emergency Capital Investment Program January 5, 2021 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating economic effects, including a significant increase in unemployment. Certain studies indicate that low- and moderate-income communities and minorities have borne this economic hardship to a disproportionately high ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R44392 |
Title
The Health Coverage Tax Credit (HCTC): In Brief Updated January 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44392 The Health Coverage Tax Credit (HCTC): In Brief Summary The Health Coverage Tax Credit (HCTC) subsidizes most of the cost of qualified health insurance for eligible taxpayers and their family members. Potential eligibility for the HCTC is limited to two ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11306 |
Title
Updated January 5, 2021 Fire and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Fires in the Brazilian Amazon forest have received widespread media attention in recent years and have raised congressional concern. This is due to an increase in fire events and deforestation rates in the region compared with most years in the past decade, as well as to statements made by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R46585 |
Title
Climate Change Risk Mitigation by U.S. Foreign Assistance Agencies Updated January 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46585 SUMMARY Climate Change Risk Mitigation by U.S. Foreign Assistance Agencies Many in Congress have a keen interest in climate change, and determining how best to address that issue is a source of continuing discussion. Gaining increased ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11684 |
Title
Updated January 5, 2021 China s 14 Five-Year Plan: A First Look th The Communist Party of China (CPC) s 19th Central Committee a body of China s 376 top Party officials held its 5th Plenum in late October 2020 to deliberate on China s 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP) for 2021-2025 and economic goals out to 2035. China s annual Central Economic Work Conference reviewed the plans in December ahead of the ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11143 |
Title
Updated January 5, 2021 A Low-Yield, Submarine-Launched Nuclear Warhead: Overview of the Expert Debate The Low-Yield D-5 Warhead The Trump Administration developed a new low-yield version of the W-76 warhead for existing submarinelaunched Trident II (D-5) missiles. Unclassified sources state that the existing W76-1 warhead has an explosive yield of around 100 kilotons. The National Nuclear ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R44804 |
Title
Burma s Political Prisoners and U.S. Policy Updated January 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44804 Burma s Political Prisoners and U.S. Policy Summary Despite a campaign pledge in 2015 that they would not arrest anyone as political prisoners, Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy (NLD) have failed to fulfil this promise since they took ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46630 |
Title
Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2021: In Brief Updated January 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46630 Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2021: In Brief Contents The FY2021 DHS Appropriations Process...................................................................................... 1 DHS Budgetary Resources: Looking Beyond the Score ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R44308 |
Title
The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program Updated January 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44308 The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program Summary The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program is a national network of centers established by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act (P.L. 100-418). MEP centers ...
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