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| Date Nov. 20, 2020 |
Report No. R45661 |
Title
Agricultural Provisions of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement Updated November 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45661 SUMMARY Agricultural Provisions of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement R45661 November 20, 2020 Anita Regmi The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a comprehensive trade agreement Specialist in Agricultural among the three countries, ...
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| Date Nov. 20, 2020 |
Report No. IF11689 |
Title
November 20, 2020 Selected Authorities to Obtain DOD Personal Property Recent controversy in the United States over policing methods has focused attention on transfers of military equipment to police forces nationwide. Under certain circumstances, eligible federal, state, and local agencies may obtain Department of Defense (DOD) personal property (e.g., equipment, clothing, vehicles, aircraft, ...
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| Date Nov. 20, 2020 |
Report No. IF11077 |
Title
Updated November 20, 2020 The Child Tax Credit Calculating the Credit When calculating the total amount of federal income taxes owed, eligible taxpayers can reduce their federal income tax liability by the amount of the child tax credit. Currently, eligible families that claim the child tax credit can subtract up to $2,000 per qualifying child from their federal income tax liability. The maximum ...
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| Date Nov. 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11536 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Tax Policy Options to Address Medical Supply Chain Concerns November 20, 2020 The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States has drawn attention to the ways in which the U.S. economy depends on global manufacturing and supply chains. Many Members of Congress have expressed a strong interest in responding to U.S. shortages of medical supplies ...
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| Date Nov. 19, 2020 |
Report No. R46395 |
Title
USDA s Coronavirus Food Assistance Program: Round One (CFAP-1) Updated November 19, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46395 SUMMARY USDA s Coronavirus Food Assistance Program: Round One (CFAP-1) R46395 November 19, 2020 Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural On April 17, 2020, Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue announced that the U.S. Policy Department of ...
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| Date Nov. 19, 2020 |
Report No. IF11690 |
Title
November 19, 2020 Pending Cases in U.S. Immigration Courts, FY2008-FY2020 Immigration court proceedings are adjudicated by the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), an agency within the Department of Justice (DOJ). They commence when the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) files a Form I-862 Notice to Appear (NTA) with the immigration court, thereby initiating removal proceedings ...
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| Date Nov. 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11200 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: Status and Recent Developments Updated November 19, 2020 The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a regional trade agreement between the ten members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and five of their individual FTA partners Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. After eight years of ...
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| Date Nov. 18, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10504 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Overview of Recent Anti-Lynching Proposals Updated November 18, 2020 This Legal Sidebar was initially published on June 29, 2020, but has been updated to reflect changes to the Justice in Policing Act. Following the death of George Floyd in police custody in May and the fatal February shooting of Ahmaud Arbery, interest has heightened in legislation that would criminalize lynching ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2020 |
Report No. R46610 |
Title
Reclamation of Coal Mining Operations: Select Issues and Legislation November 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46610 SUMMARY Regulation and Reclamation of Coal Mining: Select Issues and Legislation R46610 November 17, 2020 Lance N. Larson In the United States, coal mining operations supported economic growth and electrical power Analyst in Environmental ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2020 |
Report No. R44737 |
Title
The Closure of Institutions of Higher Education: Student Options, Borrower Relief, and Other Implications Updated November 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44737 The Closure of Institutions of Higher Education Summary When an institution of higher education (IHE) permanently closes, a student s postsecondary education may be disrupted. Students enrolled at ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2020 |
Report No. IF11384 |
Title
Updated November 17, 2020 The Trump Administration s Prosper Africa Initiative The Trump Administration s Prosper Africa initiative aims to substantially increase U.S.-African trade and investment ties, spur joint U.S. and African economic growth, and as U.S. officials have stated demonstrate the superior value proposition of transparent markets and private enterprise. Past Administrations have ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2020 |
Report No. R46611 |
Title
Institute of Museum and Library Services Grants to States Funding Formula: In Brief November 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46611 Institute of Museum and Library Services Grants to States Funding Formula Contents IMLS Grants to States Program Overview .......................................................................... 1 ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2020 |
Report No. IN11450 |
Title
INSIGHTi Changes to Behavioral Health Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic Updated November 17, 2020 Physical distancing measures and temporary stay-at-home orders associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have required changes in service delivery for mental health and substance use (collectively known as behavioral health) treatment. Changes have surrounded relaxing ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2020 |
Report No. R46603 |
Title
Bills, Resolutions, Nominations, and Treaties: Characteristics and Examples of Use November 16, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46603 SUMMARY Bills, Resolutions, Nominations, and Treaties: Characteristics and Examples of Use In each chamber of Congress, four forms of legislative measures may be introduced (or, in the case of resolutions, submitted) and acted on ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2020 |
Report No. IF11687 |
Title
November 16, 2020 Burma s 2020 Parliamentary Elections The official results from Burma s elections held on November 8, 2020 indicate that Aung San Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy (NLD) have exceeded their supermajority victories of 2015 in both chambers of Burma s Union Parliament (see Table 1). A campaign by ethnic minority parties to win a majority of the seats in the nation s ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11290 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Economic Impact Payments (EIPs) for Social Security and Supplemental Security Income Beneficiaries Updated November 16, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) provides emergency relief measures in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Section 2201 of the CARES Act provides ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11533 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hong Kong Government Disqualifies Four Legislative Council Members November 16, 2020 The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) disqualified four elected members of the city s Legislative Council (Legco) on November 11, 2020, following a decision by China s National People s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) that sets new qualifications to be a Legco member. ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46609 |
Title
The Status of Puerto Rico s Recovery and Ongoing Challenges Following Hurricanes Irma and Mar a: FEMA, SBA, and HUD Assistance November 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46609 SUMMARY The Status of Puerto Rico s Recovery and Ongoing Challenges Following Hurricanes Irma and Mar a: FEMA, SBA, and HUD Assistance Three years after Hurricanes Irma and Mar a, ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2020 |
Report No. RS20209 |
Title
Instructing Senate Conferees Updated November 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20209 Instructing Senate Conferees Contents Motion to Instruct Conferees ........................................................................................................... 1 Restrictions on and Types of Instructions ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2020 |
Report No. IF11686 |
Title
November 12, 2020 Impact of the Recession on Medicaid Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term services and supports. Medicaid is a federal and state partnership that is jointly financed by both the federal government and the states. The federal government s share for most Medicaid expenditures is called ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2020 |
Report No. R45178 |
Title
Artificial Intelligence and National Security Updated November 10, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45178 Artificial Intelligence and National Security Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field of technology with potentially significant implications for national security. As such, the United States and other nations are developing AI ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2020 |
Report No. R42640 |
Title
Medicaid Financing and Expenditures Updated November 10, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42640 Medicaid Financing and Expenditures Summary Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term services and supports (LTSS). Medicaid is a federal and state partnership that is jointly ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2020 |
Report No. R46263 |
Title
Foreign Trade Remedy Investigations of U.S. Agricultural Products Updated November 10, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46263 SUMMARY Foreign Trade Remedy Investigations of U.S. Agricultural Products Foreign countries appear to be making greater use of punitive measures affecting U.S. agricultural exports. These measures, corresponding to duties the United ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2020 |
Report No. R46600 |
Title
ESEA: Title I-A Poverty Measures and Grants to Local Education Agencies and Schools November 9, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46600 SUMMARY ESEA: Title I-A Poverty Measures and Grants to Local Education Agencies and Schools R46600 November 9, 2020 Rebecca R. Skinner The primary source of federal aid to elementary and secondary education is the Elementary and ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2020 |
Report No. IN11457 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 Pandemic s Impact on Household Employment and Income Updated November 9, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected households in numerous ways, including shuttering business and schools, resulting in an economic recession and loss of employment income. An experimental U.S. Census Bureau household survey has been fielded to track the implications of the ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10551 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Considers Overruling Free Exercise Precedent in Fulton v. Philadelphia November 9, 2020 On November 4, 2020, the Supreme Court heard oral argument in Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, an appeal asking the Court to revisit foundational precedent interpreting the First Amendment s Free Exercise Clause. The November session of oral arguments was the first for newly ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2020 |
Report No. IN11530 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Federal Income Tax: How Do Marginal Income Tax Rates Work in 2020? Updated November 9, 2020 Calculating Income Tax Liability For many taxpayers, calculating their federal income tax liability can be broken down into three main steps. 1. Taxpayers calculate the amount of their income subject to taxation (i.e., their taxable income). 2. Taxpayers apply marginal income tax rates to their ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2020 |
Report No. IN11531 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sudan s Removal from the State Sponsors of Terrorism List November 9, 2020 Twenty-seven years after the Clinton Administration designated the government of Sudan a state sponsor of international terrorism (SST), the White House on October 23 announced President Trump s intent to rescind the designation, describing it as a momentous step forward in the bilateral relationship and a pivotal ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46597 |
Title
The Regular Order : A Perspective November 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46597 SUMMARY The Regular Order : A Perspective Many contemporary lawmakers urge a return to regular order lawmaking. In general, the regular order refers to a traditional, committee-centered process of lawmaking, very much in evidence during most of the 20th century. Today, Congress ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2020 |
Report No. IN11460 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: How Quickly Will Unemployment Recover? Updated November 6, 2020 Because of effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the United States has seen both high unemployment levels and record rates of change in those levels. This has made it difficult to forecast unemployment from one month to the next. This Insight discusses the current state of unemployment, how ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2020 |
Report No. IF11276 |
Title
Updated November 6, 2020 U.S. EPA FY2020 Appropriations Enacted December 20, 2019, Division D of P.L. 116-94, the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, provided funding for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, including a total of $9.06 billion for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Title II. Title IX of the United States-Mexico-Canada ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2020 |
Report No. R44399 |
Title
Senators Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA): History and Usage Updated November 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44399 SUMMARY Senators Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA): History and Usage The Senators Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) is available to assist Senators in their official duties. The ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46594 |
Title
Federal Real Property Data: Limitations and Implications for Oversight November 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46594 SUMMARY Federal Real Property Profile Management System: Data Limitations and Implications for Oversight R46594 November 5, 2020 Garrett Hatch Specialist in American National Government The federal executive branch owns and leases more than ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2020 |
Report No. R46596 |
Title
Homelessness and COVID-19 November 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46596 SUMMARY R46596 Homelessness and COVID-19 November 4, 2020 People experiencing homelessness are at increased risk of contracting and spreading Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Those who are unsheltered may lack ready access to sanitary Libby Perl facilities. For those sleeping in ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2020 |
Report No. IF11632 |
Title
Updated November 4, 2020 The Federal Reserve s Main Street Lending Program In response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Federal Reserve (Fed) created a series of emergency lending programs, including the Main Street Lending Program (MSLP). The MSLP supports lending to eligible businesses and nonprofits and marks the first time the Fed has lent to nonfinancial businesses since the 1930s ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10550 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Regulation of Alien Employment and Preemption over State Laws November 4, 2020 The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) established rules governing the employment of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) in the United States. IRCA made it unlawful for employers to knowingly hire unauthorized aliens who lack federal permission to work in this country. The statute also ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IN11529 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2021 Refugee Ceiling and Allocations November 3, 2020 On October 28, 2020, President Donald Trump issued the Presidential Determination setting the FY2021 refugee ceiling at 15,000. The refugee ceiling is the maximum number of refugees that can be admitted to the United States in a given fiscal year. The Presidential Determination is typically issued before the start, or in the first ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IN11526 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and the Uninsured: Federal Funding Options to Pay Providers for Testing and Treatment Updated November 3, 2020 Congress enacted provisions to increase access to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing and treatment (including, for some programs, an eventual vaccine) under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. 116-127), as amended by the Coronavirus Aid, ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2020 |
Report No. R46589 |
Title
Social Security Special Minimum Benefit: Policy Options November 2, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46589 SUMMARY Social Security Special Minimum Benefit: Policy Options R46589 November 2, 2020 Zhe Li Social Security s minimum benefit provision, also known as the special minimum primary Analyst in Social Policy insurance amount (PIA), is an alternative benefit ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2020 |
Report No. R45862 |
Title
Flexibility for Equitable Per-Pupil Spending Under Title I, Part E of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Updated November 2, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45862 SUMMARY Flexibility for Equitable Per-Pupil Spending Under Title I, Part E of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act R45862 November 2, 2020 Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2020 |
Report No. R46588 |
Title
Tracking COVID-19: U.S. Public Health Surveillance and Data November 2, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46588 SUMMARY Tracking COVID-19: U.S. Public Health Surveillance and Data Public health surveillance, or ongoing data collection, is an essential part of public health practice. Particularly during a pandemic, timely data are important to understanding the ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2020 |
Report No. IF11449 |
Title
Updated November 2, 2020 Economic Development Revolving Loan Funds (ED-RLFs) Revolving loan funds (RLFs) are instruments frequently used to finance water, wastewater, infrastructure, disaster recovery, and community development activities. RLFs can also be used for economic development purposes. Federally funded economic development RLFs (ED-RLFs) are one of many tools that public agencies and non ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10549 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Military Appellate Court: Presidential Comments Can Amount to Unlawful Command Influence November 2, 2020 In a set of divided opinions on August 27, the U.S Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) rejected Sergeant Robert Bowe Bergdahl s appeal in his desertion case, which he argued was invalid due to unlawful command influence. However, CAAF found that the President s remarks ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2020 |
Report No. IN11438 |
Title
The COVID-19 Health Care Provider Relief Fund Updated November 2, 2020 In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some health care providers limited in-person visits and cancelled elective procedures to reduce the spread of COVID-19, prepare for COVID-19 patients, and conserve personal protective equipment. As a consequence, some providers reported forgone revenue and/or ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10548 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Jones v. Mississippi: Juvenile Life Without Parole Back at the Supreme Court October 30, 2020 On November 3, 2020, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral argument in Jones v. Mississippi, a case concerning whether the Eighth Amendment s ban on cruel and unusual punishments requires a finding that a juvenile offender is permanently incorrigible before the juvenile may be ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2020 |
Report No. R46557 |
Title
Forest Service Appropriations: Ten-Year Data and Trends (FY2011-FY2020) Updated October 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46557 SUMMARY Forest Service Appropriations: Ten-Year Data and Trends (FY2011-FY2020) R46557 October 29, 2020 Katie Hoover Specialist in Natural The Forest Service (FS) is responsible for managing 193 million acres of the National Forest ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2020 |
Report No. IF11676 |
Title
October 29, 2020 Thailand: 2020 Student Protests and U.S.-Thai Relations Protesters have taken to the streets in Thailand, challenging the country s military-led government and, notably, the role of the country s powerful monarchy. Protesters are demanding constitutional reform, the resignation of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, and limitations on the powers of the monarchy a deeply sensitive ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2020 |
Report No. IN11527 |
Title
INSIGHTi Public Confidence in Elections October 29, 2020 Since the 2016 election cycle, election officials have warned about ongoing efforts to undermine public confidence in American political institutions. They also have consistently reassured Americans that there is no publicly available evidence that foreign or domestic interference have changed or likely could change official election ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2020 |
Report No. IF11673 |
Title
October 29, 2020 Zombie Companies: Background and Policy Issues Zombie companies are mature companies that have not generated sufficient profits to cover their debt borrowing costs over a period of years. Such companies are characterized by prolonged underperformance and poor future prospects and are often associated with low productivity. The number of zombie companies has gone up in recent ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46583 |
Title
Federal Wildfire Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-FY2020) October 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46583 SUMMARY Federal Wildfire Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-FY2020) Wildfire management is a series of coordinated activities to prepare for, resolve, and recover from wildfire events. The federal agencies ...
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