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| Date Oct. 8, 2020 |
Report No. IF11663 |
Title
October 8, 2020 Robinhood, the Fintech Discount Broker: Recent Developments and Concerns Founded in 2013, Robinhood is an online and phone appbased discount broker-dealer for retail customers with an interest in trading stocks, stock options, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and cryptocurrencies. It is part of a new breed of fintech firms innovative, technology-focused firms offering financial ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2020 |
Report No. R46573 |
Title
The Freely Associated States and Issues for Congress October 7, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46573 SUMMARY The Freely Associated States and Issues for Congress This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Freely Associated States (FAS) the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau and on the Compacts of Free Association that ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46562 |
Title
Judge Amy Coney Barrett: Her Jurisprudence and Potential Impact on the Supreme Court October 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46562 SUMMARY Judge Amy Coney Barrett: Her Jurisprudence and Potential Impact on the Supreme Court On September 26, 2020, President Donald J. Trump announced the nomination of Judge Amy Coney Barrett of the U.S. Court of Appeals for ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R40504 |
Title
Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress: Perspectives and Contemporary Analysis Updated October 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40504 Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress Summary The 12th Amendment to the Constitution requires that presidential and vice presidential candidates gain a majority of the ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46563 |
Title
Land and Water Conservation Fund: Processes and Criteria for Allocating Funds October 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46563 SUMMARY Land and Water Conservation Fund: Processes and Criteria for Allocating Funds The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act (54 U.S.C. 200301 et seq.) was enacted to help ensure access to outdoor recreation to promote the ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2020 |
Report No. IN11393 |
Title
INSIGHTi Delivery of Economic Impact Payments (EIPs) Updated October 6, 2020 To mitigate the financial hardship many Americans are experiencing during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136). A critical element of the aid package is direct payments to certain individuals in 2020. The payments are ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2020 |
Report No. IF11660 |
Title
October 6, 2020 Lebanon s Economic Crisis Lebanon faces a serious economic crisis. The government defaulted on its debt in March 2020, its currency has lost 80% of its value since 2019, consumers and businesses are grappling with hyperinflation, and the banking sector is insolvent. Unemployment and poverty in the country have surged. Lebanon s economic challenges have exacerbated political turmoil ...
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| Date Oct. 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46561 |
Title
U.S. Farm Policy: Revenue Support Program Outlays, 2014-2020 October 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46561 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Policy: Revenue Support Program Outlays, 2014-2020 Provisions of Title I of the 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; P.L. 115-334) authorize a set of revenue support programs for major program crops for crop years 2019- ...
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| Date Oct. 5, 2020 |
Report No. IN11050 |
Title
INSIGHTi Selected Issues for National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Reauthorization and Reform: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress Updated October 5, 2020 NFIP Reauthorization The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has more than 5 million flood insurance policies providing over $1.3 ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2020 |
Report No. R46559 |
Title
The Fundamentals of Military Readiness October 2, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46559 {222A0E69-13A2-4 985-84AE-73 CC3D FF4D02}- R-155217 052033 134207 002181 072105 124150 017001 127135 080020 015004 029008 019232 090164 101059 186038 092230 243242 004096 064105 209148 038067 199077 162239 027130 046058 111190 223032 121100 229100 214198 240169 166251 020018 ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2020 |
Report No. IF11023 |
Title
Updated October 2, 2020 Selected Issues for National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Reauthorization and Reform NFIP Reauthorization The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the main source of primary flood insurance coverage in the United States, with more than five million policies in over 22,000 communities. Sixteen short-term NFIP reauthorizations have been enacted since the end of FY2017 ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2020 |
Report No. IF11656 |
Title
October 1, 2020 State Veterans Homes State Veterans Homes (SVHs) are state-owned and stateoperated facilities that provide nursing home care, domiciliary care, and adult day health care to eligible veterans, spouses, and Gold Star parents (parents of a child who died while serving in the armed forces). The SVH Program is a federal-state partnership whereby the Veterans Health Administration in the ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2020 |
Report No. R46555 |
Title
Federal Efforts to Address the Mental Health of First Responders: Resources and Issues for Congress October 1, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46555 SUMMARY Federal Efforts to Address the Mental Health of First Responders: Resources and Issues for Congress Police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service personnel are often the first to respond to a ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11514 |
Title
INSIGHTi Supreme Court Vacancies That Occurred During Presidential Election Years (1789-2020) October 1, 2020 The death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg on September 18, 2020, created a vacancy on the Supreme Court during a presidential election year. This is the 14th such vacancy on the Court that has occurred during a presidential election year from 1789 to 2020 and that also occurred prior to the ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2020 |
Report No. IF10778 |
Title
Updated October 1, 2020 Overview of the Steam Electric Power Generator Effluent Limitation Guidelines and Standards Overview Best Practicable Control Technology Currently The Clean Water Act (CWA) directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate the discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States. Such discharges are prohibited without a permit. Thus, industrial dischargers ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2020 |
Report No. R45208 |
Title
Daylight Saving Time (DST) Updated September 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45208 Daylight Saving Time (DST) Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. DST begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11512 |
Title
INSIGHTi How Much Money Remains Under Title IV of the CARES Act? September 30, 2020 Title IV of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136, Division A) appropriates $500 billion to the Treasury through the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF): up to $46 billion to make loans and guarantees for three specified industries passenger airlines, cargo airlines, and businesses critical to national security and at least $ ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2020 |
Report No. R46553 |
Title
International Parental Child Abduction (IPCA): Foreign Policy Responses and Implications September 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46553 SUMMARY International Parental Child Abduction: Foreign Policy Responses and Implications R46553 September 29, 2020 Katarina C. O'Regan Analyst in Foreign Policy Decreasing the number of American children affected by ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10540 |
Title
Legal Sidebari President Trump Nominates Judge Amy Coney Barrett: Initial Observations September 28, 2020 On September 26, 2020, President Trump announced the nomination of Judge Amy Coney Barrett of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit to the U.S. Supreme Court to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. This Sidebar provides a few initial observations from ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10539 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Judge Amy Coney Barrett: Selected Primary Material September 28, 2020 On September 26, 2020, President Donald J. Trump announced the nomination of Judge Amy V. Coney Barrett of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ( Seventh Circuit ) to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court caused by Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg s death on September 18, 2020. This ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46550 |
Title
The Death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Procedural Issues on an Eight-Justice Court Updated September 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46550 SUMMARY The Death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Procedural Issues on an Eight-Justice Court R46550 September 28, 2020 Caitlain Devereaux Lewis On September 18, 2020, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg passed away at the ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11352 |
Title
INSIGHTi Social Security Retirement Earnings Test (RET): Earnings Exemption for COVID-19Related Work Response Updated September 28, 2020 In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, some state and local officials (e.g., New York State) have called on retired health care workers to return to work and help treat the influx of patients. In addition to health care professionals, ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46552 |
Title
Safety Impact of Speed and Red Light Cameras September 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46552 SUMMARY Safety Impact of Speed and Red Light Cameras Traffic safety, defined as the rate of traffic-related deaths and injuries per mile driven, has greatly improved in the United States over the past several decades. Yet, motor vehicle crashes remain one of the ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11315 |
Title
INSIGHTi Community Development Block Grants and the CARES Act Updated September 28, 2020 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development s (HUD s) Community Development Block Grant program (CDBG) can be employed by states and local units of government to support economic and community development efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46551 |
Title
The Federal Taxing Power: A Primer September 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46551 SUMMARY The Federal Taxing Power: A Primer The Taxing and Spending Clause of the U.S. Constitution provides Congress with the power to tax. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted Congress s power to tax broadly, except for a few cases decided in the 1920s and 1930s, in which ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2020 |
Report No. R46546 |
Title
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg as a Deciding Vote on the Supreme Court: Select Data September 25, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46546 SUMMARY Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg as a Deciding Vote on the Supreme Court: Select Data On September 18, 2020, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, passed away at the ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2020 |
Report No. R46545 |
Title
Competition Among Video Streaming Services September 25, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46545 SUMMARY Competition Among Video Streaming Services Video streaming services allow users to watch movies and television shows over the internet. Some offer video-on-demand, which can be watched at any time, as well as live TV programs being broadcast at that moment. ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2020 |
Report No. IN11437 |
Title
INSIGHTi Water Infrastructure Legislation in the 116th Congress: EPA, Reclamation, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Provisions Updated September 25, 2020 Legislation in the 116th Congress addresses water infrastructure activities of several federal agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). This ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2020 |
Report No. R46544 |
Title
Subsidizing Replacement of Motor Vehicles: An Analysis of Cash for Clunkers Programs September 25, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46544 SUMMARY Subsidizing Replacement of Motor Vehicles: An Analysis of Cash for Clunkers Programs Some Members of Congress have suggested developing a rebate program either to address effects of the 2020 pandemic on the automotive ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46542 |
Title
Digital Contact Tracing and Data Protection Law September 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46542 SUMMARY Digital Contact Tracing and Data Protection Law Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected millions of Americans since the ongoing pandemic began, and the disease has caused many thousands of deaths across the country. Government officials ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46540 |
Title
COVID-19 Liability: Tort, Workplace Safety, and Securities Law September 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46540 SUMMARY OVID-19 Liability: Tort, Workplace Safety, and Securities Law Although the COVID-19 pandemic is still unfolding, a number of plaintiffs have already filed lawsuits seeking compensation for COVID-19-related injuries. Some stakeholders have ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11511 |
Title
INSIGHTi Insurance and Unexpected Risks: COVID-19 in 2020 and Terrorism in 2001 September 24, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the economy across the United States and the world, due to both the direct effects of the virus and the various public health measures imposed to address the disease. Many affected businesses have looked to their insurance policies to ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2020 |
Report No. IF11644 |
Title
Updated September 24, 2020 Japanese Prime Minister Abe s Resignation and the U.S.-Japan Alliance Introduction On August 28, 2020, after weeks of rumors in the press, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced that he would resign due to the resurgence of a chronic health condition. The next month he was succeeded by his close advisor, Yoshihide Suga. Abe, the longest-serving premier in modern ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46541 |
Title
Facial Recognition Technology and Law Enforcement: Select Constitutional Considerations September 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46541 SUMMARY Facial Recognition Technology and Law Enforcement: Select Constitutional Considerations R46541 September 24, 2020 Kelsey Y. Santamaria Legislative Attorney Facial recognition technology (FRT) is a biometric ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2020 |
Report No. R46538 |
Title
Local and Urban Food Systems: Selected Farm Bill and Other Federal Programs September 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46538 SUMMARY Local and Urban Food Systems: Selected Farm Bill and Other Federal Programs Over the past decade, food policy in the United States has responded to ongoing shifts in consumer preferences and producer trends that favor local and ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2020 |
Report No. R46539 |
Title
U.S. Farm Income Outlook: September 2020 Forecast September 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46539 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Income Outlook: September 2020 Forecast Two major indicators of U.S. farm well-being are net farm income and net cash income. Net farm income represents an accrual of the value of all goods and services produced on the farm during the year ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10207 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Asylum and Related Protections for Aliens Who Fear Gang and Domestic Violence Updated September 23, 2020 Update: After this Sidebar s initial publication, the federal district court for the District of Columbia ruled that several U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) policies discussed in this Sidebar, issued after the Attorney General s decision in Matter of A-B-, were ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2020 |
Report No. R46537 |
Title
Revenues and Disbursements from Oil and Natural Gas Production on Federal Lands September 22, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46537 SUMMARY Revenues and Disbursements from Oil and Natural Gas Production on Federal Lands Federal revenues arising from oil and natural gas leases on federal lands support a range of federal and state policies and programs. The 116th ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2020 |
Report No. IF11488 |
Title
Updated September 22, 2020 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and COVID-19: FDA Regulation and Related Activities The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the medical product supply chain globally and domestically. The impact of COVID-19 on the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gowns, gloves, respirators, and surgical masks, for health care ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2020 |
Report No. IN10999 |
Title
INSIGHTi Military Medical Care: Mitigating Impacts From Medical Unit Deployments Updated September 22, 2020 Contingency and peacetime missions consistently require temporary reassignment of military medical personnel from military treatment facilities (MTF) to a deployable medical unit. In certain instances, MTF services may be limited in times of war, operations other than war, natural disasters, ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2020 |
Report No. IF11457 |
Title
Updated September 22, 2020 United Nations Issues: U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights The U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR, or the Office) is the primary U.N. administrative body that addresses human rights. The United States generally funds the Office through assessed contributions to the U.N. regular budget (between $18$20.5 million a year), and ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46534 |
Title
The Civil Rights Act of 1964: An Overview September 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46534 SUMMARY The Civil Rights Act of 1964: An Overview The Civil Rights Act of 1964, comprised of eleven titles and numerous sections, has been called the most comprehensive undertaking to prevent and address discrimination in a wide range of contexts. R46534 September 21, ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46535 |
Title
COVID-19 and the U.S. Seafood Sector September 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46535 SUMMARY COVID-19 and the U.S. Seafood Sector R46535 September 21, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced demand for many seafood products and disrupted seafood supply chains. Food service purchasers, such as restaurants, Harold F. Upton cafeterias ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10537 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Initial Considerations for Congress September 21, 2020 On September 18, 2020, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, passed away at the age of eighty-seven, vacating a seat on the High Court that she had held for twenty-seven years. Nominated to replace Justice Byron White in 1993, ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. IF11653 |
Title
September 21, 2020 Direct Listings, an Alternative to Stock-based Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Introduction An initial public offering, or IPO, refers to the initial time that a private company offers its shares of stock to the general public to raise capital. After an IPO, the company s shares are traded in an open secondary market, such as an over-the-counter (OTC) stock market or a stock ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46536 |
Title
Cybercrime and the Law: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and the 116th Congress September 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46536 SUMMARY Cybercrime and the Law: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and the 116th Congress The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), 18 U.S.C. 1030, is a civil and criminal cybercrime law prohibiting a variety of computer-related ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10538 |
Title
Legal Sidebar U.S. Regulation of Chinese Stocks: Legal Background and Regulatory Options September 21, 2020 Tensions between the United States and China have again moved to center stage. In recent weeks, the Trump Administration has ordered China to close its Houston consulate over allegations of economic espionage, imposed sanctions on Hong Kong officials accused of undermining the region s ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. IN11509 |
Title
INSIGHTi Furloughs Likely If FAST Act and Transportation Appropriations Not Extended by September 30 September 21, 2020 On September 30, 2020, federal surface transportation programs face the expiration of both the authorizations provided in the Fixing America s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act; P.L. 114-94) and appropriations provided in the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2020 |
Report No. IF11652 |
Title
September 21, 2020 Organic Certification: An Overview of the Legal Framework In 1990, Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA), 7 U.S.C. 6501 6522, to establish national standards governing the marketing of certain agricultural products as organically produced products. OFPA, enacted as part of the 1990 Omnibus Farm Bill, authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to establish ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2020 |
Report No. R46107 |
Title
FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues Updated September 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46107 SUMMARY FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues Each year, the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) provides authorization of appropriations for a range of Department of Defense (DOD ...
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