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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11467 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Child Care Tax Provisions in H.R. 7327 July 24, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has broadly impacted child care in the United States. Surveys conducted in April of both working families with young children and child care providers found that the majority of child care providers had fully closed or reduced their enrollment. Data from the Bureau of Labor ...
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| Date July 23, 2020 |
Report No. R46463 |
Title
U.S. Army Short-Range Air Defense Force Structure and Selected Programs: Background and Issues for Congress July 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46463 SUMMARY U.S. Army Short-Range Air Defense Force Structure and Selected Programs: Background and Issues for Congress R46463 July 23, 2020 Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces The U.S. Army ...
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| Date July 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11430 |
Title
INSIGHTi Business Use of Tax and Other Provisions in the CARES Act and Other COVID-19 Legislation: Evidence from Surveys Updated July 23, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) provided a range of benefits to businesses and their employees. Provisions and Programs Three of the act s major programs are mutually exclusive (overall, or at least with ...
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| Date July 23, 2020 |
Report No. R42723 |
Title
Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV): Background and Issues for Congress Updated July 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42723 Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV): Background and Issues for Congress Summary On January 6, 2011, after spending approximately $3 billion in developmental funding, the Marine Corps cancelled the Expeditionary ...
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| Date July 23, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10523 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Administrative Law Reform Legislation in the 116th Congress July 23, 2020 Congress has broad authority to define and prescribe the powers and responsibilities of federal agencies. Typically, an agency may carry out its congressionally prescribed responsibilities in a number of ways, including through issuing binding regulations and adjudicative orders, and through providing ...
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| Date July 22, 2020 |
Report No. R44525 |
Title
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in Conservatorship: Frequently Asked Questions Updated July 22, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44525 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in Conservatorship: Frequently Asked Questions Summary Congress chartered Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) to provide liquidity in the mortgage market and promote ...
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| Date July 22, 2020 |
Report No. IN11466 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Child Care Grants in H.R. 7027 and H.R. 7327 July 22, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised questions related to the fragility of the child care market and the child care needs of working families. Monthly data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics suggest that the number of child care workers dropped by roughly one-third between March and April 2020, ...
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| Date July 22, 2020 |
Report No. IN11465 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposed Supplemental Funding for Bureau of Reclamation Projects July 22, 2020 The House Appropriations Committee s reported version of the FY2021 Energy and Water Development appropriations bill (H.R. 7613) includes $3 billion in emergency supplemental funding for the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). This is in addition to the bill s regular FY2021 funding for Reclamation of $1.636 ...
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| Date July 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10522 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Border Barrier Litigation: Open Questions for Department of Defense Transfer Authority July 21, 2020 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit) recently added to the growing body of case law on the Trump Administration s decision to fund border barrier construction using Department of Defense (DOD) appropriations. Over a dissent, the Ninth Circuit ruled in two ...
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| Date July 21, 2020 |
Report No. IN11464 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Responses to COVID-19 by the Judicial Conference of the United States, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, and Select Courts Within the Federal Judiciary (July 2020) July 21, 2020 This Insight provides information related to recent responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the Judicial Conference of the United States, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO ...
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| Date July 21, 2020 |
Report No. IN11462 |
Title
INSIGHTi Competition in Digital Markets: Vertical Integration and Acquisitions July 21, 2020 Competition in digital markets is drawing attention from Congress, foreign regulators, and antitrust authorities. The House Judiciary Committee opened an investigation of digital markets in 2019. The same year, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reportedly opened ...
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| Date July 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10521 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Antitrust Regulators Release New Vertical Merger Guidelines July 21, 2020 On June 30, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalized new V ertical Merger Guidelines (VMG) outlining their approach to mergers and acquisitions between firms at different stages of a supply chain. The revised guidelines are timely: vertical integration is growing increasingly ...
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| Date July 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10150 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Immigration Laws Regulating the Admission and Exclusion of Aliens at the Border Updated July 21, 2020 Before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the past few years had seen a marked increase in the number of apprehensions of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) at the border seeking to unlawfully enter the country. But entry restrictions at the U.S.-Mexico border in response to ...
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| Date July 20, 2020 |
Report No. R46456 |
Title
Reforming the WTO Agreement on Agriculture July 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46456 SUMMARY Reforming the WTO Agreement on Agriculture As a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United States has committed to abide by WTO rules and disciplines, including those under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) that govern domestic farm policy. The AoA ...
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| Date July 20, 2020 |
Report No. R46461 |
Title
COVID-19: Department of Justice Enforcement Against Scams July 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46461 SUMMARY COVID-19: Department of Justice Enforcement Against Scams R46461 July 20, 2020 Kristin Finklea Criminals and other malicious actors often seek to capitalize on world events for their gain. Specialist in Domestic Currently, some are leveraging the ...
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| Date July 20, 2020 |
Report No. IF11603 |
Title
July 20, 2020 Russian Armed Forces: Military Modernization and Reforms Since Russia s invasion of Georgia in 2008, Russia has undertaken extensive efforts to modernize and upgrade its armed forces. In the years ahead, these efforts are expected to continue focusing on modernizing military equipment, as well as improving combat readiness and coordination across service branches. Command and control ...
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| Date July 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11461 |
Title
INSIGHTi Treasuries and Repo in the Time of COVID-19 July 20, 2020 Background: Three Roles for Treasuries The U.S. Treasury issues debt securities known as Treasuries that play three critical roles in the economy: funding the government, supplying safe assets, and anchoring liquidity flows in financial markets. This Insight examines how the coronavirus pandemic has affected all three roles. ...
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| Date July 20, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10520 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Regulating Internet Access: Lessons from COVID-19 July 20, 2020 As some states and localities have paused re-opening efforts in response to recent increases in COVID-19 cases, internet access continues to serve a critical role to help many individuals work, learn, and receive healthcare from home. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) has encouraged internet ...
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| Date July 17, 2020 |
Report No. R46454 |
Title
Climate Change Adaptation: U.S. Department of Agriculture July 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46454 SUMMARY Climate Change Adaptation: U.S. Department of Agriculture Congress has debated the significance of global climate change and what federal policies, if any, should be adopted to address it. Federal policies may focus on climate change adaptation ...
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| Date July 17, 2020 |
Report No. RL33446 |
Title
Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers Updated July 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33446 Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers Summary From the earliest days of the republic, the federal government has compensated members of the Armed Forces for their services. While the original pay structure was fairly simple, over time a more complex system of ...
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| Date July 17, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10388 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Will the FTC Need to Rethink Its Enforcement Playbook (Part II)? Circuit Split Casts Doubt on the FTC s Ability to Seek Restitution in Section 13(b) Suits Updated July 17, 2020 UPDATE: On July 9, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review the Seventh Circuit s decision in FTC v. Credit Bureau Center and the Ninth Circuit s decision in AMG Capital Management v. FTC. The Court has ...
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| Date July 17, 2020 |
Report No. R45633 |
Title
Iraq: Issues in the 116th Congress Updated July 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45633 SUMMARY Iraq: Issues in the 116th Congress R45633 July 17, 2020 Iraq s unicameral legislature, the Council of Representatives (COR), voted to approve Prime Minister Mustafa al Kadhimi s government program in May 2020 and finished confirmation of Christopher M. Blanchard ...
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| Date July 17, 2020 |
Report No. IF10896 |
Title
Updated July 17, 2020 EU Data Protection Rules and U.S. Implications Data Privacy and Protection in the United States and Europe U.S. and European Union (EU) policymakers are focused on protection of personal data online with recent and proposed legislation and enforcement actions. Data breaches at companies such as Facebook, Apple, and Marriott have contributed to heightened public awareness. The ...
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| Date July 16, 2020 |
Report No. R46455 |
Title
COVID-19 and Other Election Emergencies: Frequently Asked Questions and Recent Policy Developments July 16, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46455 SUMMARY COVID-19 and Other Election Emergencies: Frequently Asked Questions and Recent Policy Developments This report addresses frequently asked questions and policy developments surrounding election emergencies. For ...
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| Date July 16, 2020 |
Report No. IF10987 |
Title
Updated July 16, 2020 Legislative Proposals to Address National Park Service Deferred Maintenance Congress has debated ways to address the National Park Service s (NPS s) substantial backlog of deferred maintenance maintenance that was not performed as scheduled or as needed. NPS s maintenance backlog has grown in the past two decades and is estimated for FY2018 (the most recent year available) at ...
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| Date July 16, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10519 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Ripple Effects: Assessing Impacts of the Supreme Court s Risk Corridors Decision July 16, 2020 Although most eyes tracking Affordable Care Act (ACA) litigation may be drawn to California v. Texas during the Supreme Court s upcoming term, the Court handed down an ACA decision this past term that may have numerous ripple effects in other ACA cases and programs. Specifically, in Maine ...
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| Date July 15, 2020 |
Report No. R46452 |
Title
Surface Transportation Reauthorization and Climate Change: H.R. 2 and S. 2302 July 15, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46452 SUMMARY Surface Transportation Reauthorization and Climate Change: H.R. 2 and S. 2302 R46452 July 15, 2020 William J. Mallett Federal highway, public transportation, and intercity passenger rail programs are authorized Specialist in ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46433 |
Title
Israel s Possible Annexation of West Bank Areas: Frequently Asked Questions Updated July 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46433 SUMMARY Israel s Possible Annexation of West Bank Areas: Frequently Asked Questions Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu has stated his intent for Israel to annex parts of the West Bank in 2020. Annexation could raise issues ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46379 |
Title
Emergency Authorities Under the National Emergencies Act, Stafford Act, and Public Health Service Act Updated July 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46379 SUMMARY Emergency Authorities Under the National Emergencies Act, Stafford Act, and Public Health Service Act The Supreme Court has explained that the President s authority must stem either from an act of ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46450 |
Title
Presidential Succession: Perspectives and Contemporary Issues for Congress July 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46450 SUMMARY Presidential Succession: Perspectives and Contemporary Issues for Congress Succession to the office of President of the United States is provided for by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and Title 3, Section 19 of ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46451 |
Title
Energy Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 ( Tax Extenders ) July 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46451 SUMMARY Energy Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 ( Tax Extenders ) This report briefly summarizes and discusses the economic impact of the energy-related tax provisions that are scheduled to expire in 2020, 2021, 2022 ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. IF11601 |
Title
July 14, 2020 Malawi: Elections, Key Issues, and U.S. Relations On June 23, 2020, 59% of voters in Malawi, a small, poor southeast African country, ousted incumbent President Peter Mutharika in favor of opposition presidential candidate Lazarus Chakwera during a rerun of a presidential election held in May 2019. The country's High Court ordered the rerun after annulling the 2019 vote in early 2020 ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46335 |
Title
Saltonstall-Kennedy Act: Background and Issues Updated July 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46335 SUMMARY Saltonstall-Kennedy Act: Background and Issues R46335 July 14, 2020 Harold F. Upton The Saltonstall-Kennedy (S-K) Act of 1954 (15 U.S.C. 713c-3) established a program to Analyst in Natural provide financial support for research and development of ...
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| Date July 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46302 |
Title
Tracking China s Global Economic Activities: Data Challenges and Issues for Congress Updated July 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46302 SUMMARY Tracking China s Global Economic Activities: Data Challenges and Issues for Congress The People s Republic of China (PRC or China) has significantly increased its overseas investments since launching its Go Global ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46448 |
Title
Effect of COVID-19 on Federal Land Revenues July 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46448 SUMMARY Effect of COVID-19 on Federal Land Revenues Four major federal land management agencies administer 606 million acres (95%) of the federal land in the United States (approximately 640 million acres). These agencies are the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. R43904 |
Title
Public Trust and Law Enforcement A Discussion for Policymakers Updated July 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43904 SUMMARY Public Trust and Law Enforcement A Discussion for Policymakers Several high-profile incidents where there have been complaints of the use of excessive force against individuals and subsequent backlash in the form of civil unrest have ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11455 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Policy Options for Commercial Real Estate and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities Markets July 13, 2020 Recently, some Members of Congress have raised concerns over the commercial real estate (CRE) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) markets and have called on Treasury and the Federal Reserve (Fed) to address potential liquidity issues. Challenges in those markets ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11456 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Measuring Unemployment July 13, 2020 Due to the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, unemployment has risen to levels unseen since the Great Depression, peaking at a rate of 14.7% in April before decreasing to 11.1% in June. The unemployment rate is seen as a crucial metric for judging policy outcomes, but confusion among many observers about how the ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10518 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Court Invalidates Louisiana Admitting Privileges Law July 13, 2020 In a recent decision, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a Louisiana law that required physicians who perform abortions to have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles of the location where the procedure is performed. In June Medical Services v. Russo, a majority of the Court concluded that the law imposed ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. IF11599 |
Title
July 13, 2020 Social Security Benefits and the Effect of Declines in Average Wages and Prices Recent news articles have highlighted how a decrease in national average wages may have a negative impact on the Social Security benefits of individuals reaching age 60 in 2020. Social Security benefits are tied to a worker s earnings record but are also affected by changes in national wages and prices. ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. IF11600 |
Title
July 13, 2020 FEMA s Community Disaster Loan (CDL) Program: A Primer Following a major disaster, local governments may face fiscal and economic distress as well as physical damage. As a result, revenue shortfalls could impact both service delivery and the long-term fiscal health in the affected locality. To address these issues, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) offers the Community ...
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| Date July 13, 2020 |
Report No. RS22942 |
Title
Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress Updated July 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22942 SUMMARY Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is being developed by the Army and the Marine Corps as a successor to the High Mobility, Multi-Wheeled Vehicle ( ...
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| Date July 10, 2020 |
Report No. IF11025 |
Title
Updated July 10, 2020 Immigration: Recalcitrant Countries and the Use of Visa Sanctions to Encourage Cooperation with Alien Removals The ability to repatriate foreign nationals (aliens) who violate U.S. immigration law is central to the immigration enforcement system. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provides broad authority to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department ...
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| Date July 10, 2020 |
Report No. IN11059 |
Title
INSIGHTi CFPB Finalizes New Payday Lending Rule, Reversing Prior Regulation Updated July 10, 2020 On July 7, 2020, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) released a new final rule to amend its regulations for payday, vehicle title, and certain high-cost installment loans. The rule rescinds a significant part of a 2017 final rule that requires small-dollar, short-term lenders to determine ...
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| Date July 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10515 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Clarifies Rules for Electoral College: States May Restrict Faithless Electors July 10, 2020 On July 6, 2020, the Supreme Court unanimously held that states may punish or replace presidential electors who refuse to cast their ballots for the candidate chosen by the voters of their state. In the case Chiafalo v. Washington, a majority of the Court held that the State of ...
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| Date July 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10516 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Police Use of Force: Overview and Considerations for Congress July 10, 2020 Recent events have focused congressional attention on the policing practices of federal, state, and local law enforcement officers. One area of particular focus has been police use of force against criminal suspects. Currently, the federal government collects some data on state and local police use of force, ...
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| Date July 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10517 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Trump v. Mazars: Implications for Congressional Oversight July 10, 2020 On July, 9 2020, the Supreme Court issued a pair of decisions concerning subpoenas seeking access to the President s personal financial records, including tax returns. In Trump v. Vance, the Court ruled that the President is not categorically immune from state criminal subpoenas seeking his private papers. Nor ...
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| Date July 10, 2020 |
Report No. R43240 |
Title
The Army s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV): Background and Issues for Congress Updated July 10, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43240 The Army s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV): Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) is the Army s replacement for the Vietnam-era M113 personnel carriers, which are still in ...
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| Date July 9, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10511 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19: Digital Contact Tracing and Privacy Law July 9, 2020 Many states, territories, and localities have implemented public health orders to limit the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in their respective communities, including stay-at-home orders, orders temporarily closing schools and businesses, and orders limiting the size of public gatherings. In preparation for ...
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| Date July 9, 2020 |
Report No. IN11453 |
Title
INSIGHTi Food Safety and COVID-19 July 9, 2020 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is thought to spread mainly from person to person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or speaks. Currently there is no evidence indicating the transmission of COVID-19 through food, according to U.S. and international public health agencies. However, China a major U.S. ...
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