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Report No.
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| Date May 22, 2020 |
Report No. IF11557 |
Title
May 22, 2020 Congress, the Judiciary, and Civil and Criminal Procedure Two sets of authorities govern proceedings in federal court: substantive laws create certain legal rights or impose duties, while procedural laws control the way courts enforce those substantive rights or duties. While many are aware of Congress s role in enacting and the courts role in interpreting substantive laws, casual ...
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| Date May 22, 2020 |
Report No. IN11380 |
Title
INSIGHTi Offshore Royalty Relief: Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic Updated May 22, 2020 U.S. oil and gas producers face financial challenges stemming from demand reduction, oversupply, and commodity price drops during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some Members of Congress have asked the Department of the Interior (DOI) to offer royalty relief on federal oil and gas leases a temporary reduction or ...
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| Date May 22, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10476 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Presidential Removal of IGs Under the Inspector General Act May 22, 2020 President Trump has recently removed or replaced a number of acting and permanent Inspectors General (IGs), including the Intelligence Community IG, the State Department IG, and acting IGs at the Department of Transportation and Department of Defense. These actions have stirred both immediate concern by some ...
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| Date May 21, 2020 |
Report No. R40425 |
Title
Medicare Primer Updated May 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40425 SUMMARY Medicare Primer Medicare is a federal program that pays for covered health care services of qualified beneficiaries. It was established in 1965 under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide health insurance to individuals 65 and older, and has been expanded over the years to ...
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| Date May 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10475 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Broadband Connectivity and COVID-19: The FCC s Response May 21, 2020 As states and localities have directed their citizens to stay home in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, internet traffic in the United States has shifted dramatically. The greater number of individuals working remotely over the internet, participating in online education, and seeking online sources of ...
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| Date May 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46369 |
Title
Section 7 of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: In Brief May 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46369 Section 7 of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Prohibitions in Section 7 of the Wild and Scenic ...
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| Date May 21, 2020 |
Report No. IN11402 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Economic Development Administration s Economic Recovery Assistance for COVID-19 Impacted Communities May 21, 2020 As a part of the federal disaster response and recovery assistance, the Economic Development Administration s (EDA s) Economic Adjustment Assistance (EAA) program can be used to support efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic ...
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| Date May 21, 2020 |
Report No. IN11399 |
Title
INSIGHTi The WTO Withdrawal Resolutions May 21, 2020 The United States was a major force behind the creation of the multilateral trading system that emerged after World War II. That system was based on negotiated rounds of trade liberalization and common trade rules, most recently through the Uruguay Round (1986-1994) and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The WTO, ...
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| Date May 21, 2020 |
Report No. IN11401 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Presidential Trade Actions Affecting the U.S. Power Grid May 21, 2020 Introduction Over the past several weeks, the Trump Administration has taken actions to limit the use of foreign manufactured products in the U.S. power grid. On May 1, 2020, the President declared a national emergency (E.O. 13920) invoking the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to prohibit ...
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| Date May 20, 2020 |
Report No. R46371 |
Title
Serving Free School Meals through the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP): Background and Participation May 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46371 SUMMARY Serving Free School Meals through the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP): Background and Participation The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) is an option within the National School Lunch Program ( ...
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| Date May 20, 2020 |
Report No. R46243 |
Title
Individual Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ) Expiring in 2020: In Brief Molly F. Sherlock, Coordinator Specialist in Public Finance Grant A. Driessen Analyst in Public Finance Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Mark P. Keightley Specialist in Economics Sean Lowry Analyst in Public Finance Updated May 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46243 SUMMARY ...
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| Date May 20, 2020 |
Report No. RS22640 |
Title
What s the Difference? Comparing U.S. and Chinese Trade Data Updated May 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22640 What s the Difference? Comparing U.S. and Chinese Trade Data Summary The size of the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with the People s Republic of China (China) has been and continues to be an important issue in bilateral trade relations. President ...
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| Date May 20, 2020 |
Report No. IF11554 |
Title
May 20, 2020 Delivery of VA Telehealth Services During COVID-19 Introduction The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is responsible for providing health care benefits to eligible veterans. In FY2020, about 9.3 million veterans were enrolled in VA health care (https://go.usa.gov/xvFTz). Of those enrolled in the VHA, approximately 7.1 million of them ...
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| Date May 20, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10474 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19 and Federal Employment Protections for Work Refusals Updated May 20, 2020 The easing of stay-at-home orders in most states has prompted both the reopening of businesses and concern among employees who fear exposure to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the workplace. Fifty-one percent of the respondents in a recent survey of employees forced to stop working or work ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. R46364 |
Title
Suspension of the Rules: House Practice in the 115th Congress (2017-2018) May 19, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46364 SUMMARY Suspension of the Rules: House Practice in the 115th Congress (2017-2018) Suspension of the rules is the most commonly used procedure to call up measures on the floor of the House of Representatives. As the name suggests, the procedure ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11398 |
Title
INSIGHTi How Would the HEROES Act (H.R. 6800) Modify the Direct Payments Enacted in the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136)? May 19, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), signed into law on March 27, 2020, included direct payments to individuals referred to in the law as 2020 recovery rebates. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) refers to the payments issued in ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11397 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Summary of the Direct Payments Proposed in the HEROES Act (H.R. 6800) May 19, 2020 The Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions Act (HEROES Act; H.R. 6800), as passed by the House on May 15, 2020, proposes new direct payments to individuals, which the bill text refers to as additional recovery rebates to individuals. Direct payments were included in the ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. R46209 |
Title
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: CRS Experts Matthew B. Barry Section Research Manager Updated May 19, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46209 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: CRS Experts n December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. Illnesses have since been linked to a new ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11395 |
Title
INSIGHTi Condition of Highway Bridges Continues to Improve May 19, 2020 A construction-industry group recently estimated that more than one-third of all U.S. highway bridges need major repairs or replacement, construction work that could cost federal, state, and local governments about $164 billion. When compared to total bridge capital spending of about $17 billion per year, of which roughly $7 ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10473 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) Survives Renewed Constitutional Challenges May 19, 2020 Introduction The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (Fourth Circuit) in United States v. Wass recently overturned a district court decision that dismissed on constitutional grounds an indictment for violation of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act ( ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. IF11552 |
Title
May 19, 2020 Considering the Source: Varieties of COVID-19 Information Introduction In common parlance, the terms propaganda, misinformation, and disinformation are often used interchangeably, often with connotations of deliberate untruths of nefarious origin. In a national security context, however, these terms refer to categories of information that are created and disseminated with different ...
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| Date May 19, 2020 |
Report No. IF11078 |
Title
Updated May 19, 2020 EPA Reconsiders Benefits of Mercury and Air Toxics Limits In April 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that limits on hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from coal- and oil-fired power plants are not appropriate and necessary (A&N) under Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112(n)(1) ( Reconsideration of Supplemental Finding and Residual Risk and Technology ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. R45774 |
Title
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2020: In Brief Updated May 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45774 Congressional Research Service THUD FY2020 Appropriations: In Brief Contents FY2020 Budget Process ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. R46362 |
Title
Foreign Officials Publicly Designated by the U.S. Department of State on Corruption or Human Rights Grounds: A Chronology May 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46362 SUMMARY Foreign Officials Publicly Designated by the U.S. Department of State on Corruption or Human Rights Grounds: A Chronology R46362 May 18, 2020 Liana W. Rosen Specialist in International ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. R45965 |
Title
Judiciary Appropriations, FY2020 Updated May 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45965 SUMMARY Judiciary Appropriations, FY2020 Funds for the judicial branch are included annually in the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill. The bill provides funding for the U.S. Supreme Court; the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. IN11353 |
Title
INSIGHTi The 2020 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): COVID-19 Impacts Updated May 18, 2020 Ongoing COVID-19 mitigation measures may impact the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) a mandate requiring U.S. transportation fuel to contain renewable fuel. Since the beginning of the pandemic, transportation fuel demand has dropped significantly, compared to January through early March 2020 and to projections made ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. R45479 |
Title
Bribery, Kickbacks, and Self-Dealing: An Overview of Honest Services Fraud and Issues for Congress Updated May 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45479 SUMMARY Bribery, Kickbacks, and Self-Dealing: An Overview of Honest Services Fraud and Issues for Congress R45479 May 18, 2020 Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney As the trials of state legislators Sheldon ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. R46365 |
Title
Child Support Enforcement-Led Employment Services for Noncustodial Parents: In Brief Patrick A. Landers Analyst in Social Policy May 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46365 SUMMARY Child Support Enforcement-Led Employment Services for Noncustodial Parents: In Brief The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program is a federal-state partnership that seeks to ensure child ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10471 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19, Workplace Accommodations, and Federal Antidiscrimination Statutes: Selected Issues May 18, 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has forced unprecedented workplace changes and raised a host of legal issues. Employers may struggle with how to protect workers from infection, including whether to make any special changes for at-risk employees. Employers may worry about workers well- ...
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| Date May 18, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10472 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Antitrust Enforcement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Frequently Asked Questions May 18, 2020 Although the COVID-19 coronavirus has shuttered wide swaths of the U.S. economy, it has also spurred a flurry of activity by some of the country s largest firms. To respond to the virus, major medical-supply companies have announced collaborative efforts to manufacture, source, and distribute ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. R46361 |
Title
FY2020 Defense Appropriations Act: P.L. 11693 (H.R. 2968, S. 2474, H.R. 1158) May 15, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46361 SUMMARY R46361 FY2020 Defense Appropriations Act: P.L. 11693 (H.R. 2968, S. 2474, H.R. 1158) May 15, 2020 The FY2020 Defense Appropriations Act, enacted as Division A of H.R. 1158, the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2020, provides a ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. IN11387 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Defense Production Act (DPA) Developments and Issues for Congress Updated May 15, 2020 The White House is employing the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to facilitate the production and availability of essential goods, supplies, and services. This Insight considers recent DPA actions and associated policy ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. IN11392 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 Alternate Care Sites (ACSs): Role and Activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers May 15, 2020 The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) provides engineering services and capabilities in support of national interests. As part of its overall mission, USACE prepares for and responds to national emergencies in support of the Department of Defense and other federal agencies and ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10467 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Foreign Sovereign Immunity and COVID-19 Lawsuits Against China May 15, 2020 Putative classes of plaintiffs have launched at least five class action lawsuits against the government of the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) for losses in the United States associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Two states Missouri and Mississippi have also lodged claims in federal court against ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10466 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Agency Discretion to Manage Appropriated Funds: The WHO Funding Announcement May 15, 2020 On April 14, 2020, President Donald J. Trump announced that his Administration would halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO) while it investigates the WHO s Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response effort. This investigation, the President stated, may last 60 to 90 days. As ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10465 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Copyright and State Sovereign Immunity: The Allen v. Cooper Decision May 15, 2020 On March 23, 2020, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in Allen v. Cooper, concluding that Congress lacked the authority to enact the Copyright Remedy Clarification Act of 1990 (CRCA), which purported to abrogate state sovereign immunity in copyright infringement actions. The CRCA, which sought to ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10469 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Federal Authority to Lift or Modify State and Local COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders: Frequently Asked Questions May 15, 2020 To contain the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), roughly 20 states and the District of Columbia continue to operate under so-called stay-at-home orders closing nonessential businesses and limiting the circumstances in which individuals can leave ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10470 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Election 2020 and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Legal Issues in Absentee and All-Mail Voting May 15, 2020 As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been concerns about the potential impact on the 2020 federal election cycle. Some states have delayed primary elections, and, in other jurisdictions, officials have moved polling places away from high-risk ...
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| Date May 15, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10468 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Future of the Second Amendment: New York State Rifle & Pistol Association at the Supreme Court May 15, 2020 On April 27, 2020, the Supreme Court issued a two-page per curiam (unsigned) opinion in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York, effectively dismissing a case that had been poised to clarify the Court s Second Amendment jurisprudence. As ...
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| Date May 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46319 |
Title
Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Q&A on Global Implications and Responses Updated May 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46319 SUMMARY Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Q&A on Global Implications and Responses R46319 May 14, 2020 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, In December 2019, hospitals in the city of Wuhan in China s Hubei Province began seeing cases Coordinator ...
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| Date May 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46357 |
Title
Congressionally Mandated Reports: Overview and Considerations for Congress May 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46357 SUMMARY Congressionally Mandated Reports: Overview and Considerations for Congress Congress frequently requires the President, departments, agencies, and other entities of the federal government to transmit reports, notifications, studies, ...
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| Date May 14, 2020 |
Report No. RS21126 |
Title
Tax Cuts and Economic Stimulus: How Effective Are the Alternatives? Updated May 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21126 Tax Cuts and Economic Stimulus: How Effective Are the Alternatives? Summary The economic effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led Congress to enact general fiscal stimulus in the form of tax cuts and spending ...
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| Date May 14, 2020 |
Report No. IN11390 |
Title
INSIGHTi Office of the Attending Physician, U.S. Congress: Background Information and Response to Public Health Emergencies May 14, 2020 Establishment and History The Office of the Attending Physician (OAP) was established in 1928, after the House agreed to a resolution on December 5, 1928, requesting the Secretary of the Navy detail a medical officer to the House (H.Res. 253, 70th Congress). On ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. R43542 |
Title
How Social Security Benefits Are Computed: In Brief Updated May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43542 How Social Security Benefits Are Computed: In Brief Summary Social Security, the largest program in the federal budget (in terms of outlays), provides monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers and their family members as well as to the family ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46355 |
Title
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Background, Authorities, and Considerations May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46355 SUMMARY The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Background, Authorities, and Considerations Crude oil price volatility has consequences for the U.S. and global economy. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), the U.S. stockpile of petroleum, has ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. R44924 |
Title
National Park Service Deferred Maintenance: Frequently Asked Questions Laura B. Comay Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Updated May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44924 National Park Service Deferred Maintenance: Frequently Asked Questions Summary This report addresses frequently asked questions about the National Park Service s (NPS s) backlog of deferred ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11338 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Public Water Service Continuity Updated May 13, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased attention to several issues regarding the provision of public water services. These include long-standing water-rate affordability concerns, the importance of clean water to public health, and the financial sustainability of some public water systems (whether ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11385 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Impact of COVID-19-Related Forbearances on the Federal Mortgage Finance System May 13, 2020 One of the major economic impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been loss of income, which has left many Americans unable to repay their financial obligations including their mortgage payments. In response, regulators have encouraged financial institutions to work with ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11386 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hazard Pay and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Issues and Options May 13, 2020 A number of policymakers have expressed interest in providing essential workers at risk of exposure to COVID-19 with additional compensation, or hazard pay. The Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions (HEROES) Act (H.R. 6800), introduced on May 12, 2020, would create a fund for pandemic premium pay for ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. R42001 |
Title
Attempt: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42001 Attempt: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Attempt is the incomplete form of some other underlying offense. Unlike state law, federal law does not feature a general attempt statute. Instead, federal law outlaws the attempt to commit a number of federal ...
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