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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10456 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Executive Order on the Food Supply Chain and the Defense Production Act: FAQs May 1, 2020 On April 28, 2020, President Trump issued an executive order (EO) invoking the Defense Production Act (DPA) to address the food supply chain for meat and poultry products during the national emergency caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. The release of the EO was preceded by some state and ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. IF11530 |
Title
May 1, 2020 Dislocated Worker Activities in the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Overview and Program Rationale The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Dislocated Worker Employment and Training Activities (DW) program provides employment and training services to dislocated individuals ages 18 and older. Approximately 80% of the WIOA-DW funding is allotted to states by ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. IF11527 |
Title
May 1, 2020 Relocation of the USDA Research Agencies: NIFA and ERS In October 2019, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) relocated most staff positions at two of its research agencies the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and the Economic Research Service (ERS) from their long-term location in Washington, DC, to Kansas City, MO. About 75% of affected employees declined to ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10459 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Applicability of Federal Civil Rights Laws to Recipients of CARES Act Loans May 1, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) authorizes the Small Business Administration (SBA) to provide economic assistance temporarily to eligible organizations. Section 1102 of the CARES Act establishes the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which enlarges the SBA s ...
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| Date April 30, 2020 |
Report No. R46338 |
Title
Veto Threats and Vetoes in the George W. Bush and Obama Administrations April 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46338 SUMMARY Veto Threats and Vetoes in the George W. Bush and Obama Administrations The Framers checked congressional legislative power by providing the President the power to veto legislation and, in turn, checked the President s veto power by ...
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| Date April 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11371 |
Title
INSIGHTi Temporary Deferment of Import Duty Payments April 30, 2020 On April 18, 2020, President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 13916 to provide the Secretary of the Treasury temporary emergency authority under Section 318(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1318(a), as amended) to extend deadlines for certain estimated payments of taxes, duties, and fees for importers suffering ...
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| Date April 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11369 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Funding to the World Health Organization (WHO) Luisa Blanchfield Specialist in International Relations Tiaji Salaam-Blyther Specialist in Global Health April 30, 2020 On April 14, 2020, President Donald Trump announced that the United States would suspend funding to the World Health Organization (WHO), pending a 60- to 90-day review, because of WHO s role in severely mismanaging and ...
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| Date April 30, 2020 |
Report No. IF11525 |
Title
April 30, 2020 COVID-19: National Security and Defense Strategy The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted questions about U.S. national security and crisis preparedness. Inherent to those discussions are broader, foundational questions about how the United States government conceptualizes national security, and the currently held view by many of the relative prioritization of the ...
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| Date April 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11367 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Health Centers and COVID-19 Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services April 30, 2020 Federal health centers are outpatient health facilities that are required to be located in Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) and are required to provide care to all residents of their service area regardless of their ability to pay. The health center program is administered by the ...
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| Date April 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11370 |
Title
Congress increased eligibility for certain businesses and organizations for Small Business Administration (SBA) economic injury disaster loans (EIDL) and established an Emergency EIDL Grant program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) to provide short-term, economic relief to certain small businesses and nonprofits affected by COVID-19. This ...
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| Date April 29, 2020 |
Report No. R46327 |
Title
The Office of Technology Assessment: History, Authorities, Issues, and Options John F. Sargent Jr. Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Updated April 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46327 SUMMARY The Office of Technology Assessment: History, Authorities, Issues, and Options Congress established the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) as a legislative branch ...
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| Date April 29, 2020 |
Report No. R46334 |
Title
Selected Health Provisions in Title III of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) Elayne J. Heisler, Coordinator Specialist in Health Services April 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46334 SUMMARY Selected Health Provisions in Title III of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting communities around the world and throughout ...
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| Date April 29, 2020 |
Report No. R43453 |
Title
The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief Molly F. Sherlock Specialist in Public Finance Updated April 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43453 SUMMARY The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief The renewable electricity production tax credit (PTC) is a per-kilowatt-hour (kWh) tax credit for electricity generated using qualified energy ...
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| Date April 29, 2020 |
Report No. IN11366 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 Disrupts U.S. Meat Supply; Producer Prices Tumble Joel L. Greene Analyst in Agricultural Policy April 29, 2020 U.S. livestock and poultry producers entered 2020 with an optimistic outlook for prices and income. Then in mid-March the food service sector, which accounts for a substantial share of meat consumption, was largely shut down as most states closed all but essential ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46333 |
Title
Fintech: Overview of Financial Regulators and Recent Policy Approaches Andrew P. Scott Analyst in Financial Economics April 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46333 SUMMARY Fintech: Overview of Financial Regulators and Recent Policy Approaches New technologies in the financial services sector can create challenges for the various federal agencies responsible for financial ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46279 |
Title
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Tax Relief for Individuals and Businesses Updated April 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46279 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Tax Relief ongress has considered a number of proposals that seek to mitigate the economic effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019, or ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46332 |
Title
Fintech: Overview of Innovative Financial Technology and Selected Policy Issues April 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46332 SUMMARY Fintech: Overview of Innovative Financial Technology and Selected Policy Issues R46332 April 28, 2020 David W. Perkins, Advances in technology allow for innovation in the ways businesses and individuals perform Coordinator ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46331 |
Title
Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions of the 116th Congress, Second Session Phoenix Voorhies, Coordinator Analyst in Health Care Financing April 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46331 SUMMARY Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions of the 116th Congress, Second Session R46331 April 28, 2020 Phoenix Voorhies, This report describes selected health care-related provisions ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. R45928 |
Title
The Federal Contraceptive Coverage Requirement: Past and Pending Legal Challenges Updated April 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45928 SUMMARY The Federal Contraceptive Coverage Requirement: Past and Pending Legal Challenges R45928 April 28, 2020 Victoria L. Killion Legislative Attorney When Congress enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. IF11522 |
Title
April 28, 2020 Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2020 Annual Report According to the recent report of the Board of Trustees of the Social Security Trust Funds, the program s finances are in a similar position in 2020 as in 2019. The combined date of projected Trust Fund asset depletion is unchanged after which the percentage of benefits payable is relatively the same. The 2020 annual ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10454 |
Title
Legal Sidebari No Judicial Review of Certain Patent Office Decisions, Supreme Court Holds April 28, 2020 In 2011, Congress enacted major patent reform in the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA). The AIA, among other things, created inter partes review (IPR), an adversarial procedure during which the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office s (PTO s) Patent Trial & Appeal Board (PTAB) reviews the validity ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10453 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19 and Libraries: E-Books and Intellectual Property Issues April 28, 2020 With many states issuing stay-at-home orders, and many public library buildings closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the public looking for reading material have increasingly turned to ebooks. Yet even before the pandemic, libraries faced challenges in meeting patron demand for e-books. For ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. IF11524 |
Title
April 28, 2020 Quantum Information Science: Congressional Activity and Federal Policy Recommendations Quantum Information Science Technologies and Applications Combining elements of mathematics, computer science, engineering, and physical sciences, quantum information science (QIS) is believed to have the potential to provide capabilities far beyond what is possible with the most advanced sciences ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11365 |
Title
INSIGHTi President Trump Criticizes VOA Coverage of China s COVID-19 Response Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs Matthew C. Weed Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation April 28, 2020 The President s Criticism of VOA s Coverage of China On April 10, 2020, the White House included in its online 1600 Daily summary of key news and events a statement entitled Voice of America Spends Your Money to ...
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| Date April 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11343 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Pandemic Response Accountability Committee: Organization and Duties Ben Wilhelm Analyst in Government Organization and Management Updated April 28, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) created a new federal entity, the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee (PRAC), to conduct and support oversight of the federal government s response ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. RL34027 |
Title
Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin American Affairs Updated April 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL34027 SUMMARY Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations Honduras, a Central American nation of 9.3 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. R45745 |
Title
Transatlantic Relations: U.S. Interests and Key Issues Kristin Archick, Coordinator Specialist in European Affairs Shayerah Ilias Akhtar Acting Section Research Manager Paul Belkin Analyst in European Affairs Derek E. Mix Specialist in European Affairs Updated April 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45745 SUMMARY Transatlantic Relations: U.S. Interests and Key Issues For ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. R46328 |
Title
Flood Risk Reduction from Natural and Nature-Based Features: Army Corps of Engineers Authorities Nicole T. Carter Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Eva Lipiec Analyst in Natural Resources Policy April 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46328 SUMMARY Flood Risk Reduction from Natural and NatureBased Features: Army Corps of Engineers Authorities R46328 April 27, 2020 ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. IN11363 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congressional Oversight Provisions in the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act Ben Wilhelm Analyst in Government Organization and Management April 27, 2020 President Donald Trump signed the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (P.L. 116-139) on April 24, 2020. The act provides supplemental appropriations for the Paycheck Protection Program, ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10357 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Capital Punishment: Recent Developments Updated April 27, 2020 Update 4/27/2020: On April 7, 2020, a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (D.C. Circuit) vacated the district court s preliminary order barring the federal inmates executions from going forward. Two judges on the three-judge panel agreed that the district court misconstrued the Federal Death ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10439 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Entry Restrictions at the Northern and Southern Borders in Response to COVID-19 Updated April 27, 2020 In response to the global spread of COVID-19, the federal government has issued several orders restricting the entry of foreign nationals into the United States. Many of these restrictions were implemented through President Trump s authority under Section 212(f) of the Immigration ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. IN11364 |
Title
INSIGHTi Forest Service Announces Timber Sale Contract Relief Anne A. Riddle Analyst in Natural Resources Policy April 27, 2020 On April 15, 2020, the Forest Service (FS) announced options for timber purchasers to extend the terms of their contract to harvest timber from the National Forest System (NFS). (Read the announcement here.) The FS, within the Department of Agriculture (USDA), sells ...
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| Date April 27, 2020 |
Report No. IN11355 |
Title
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created the Small Business Administration's (SBA's) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). On April 16, 2020, the SBA reported that it had exhausted all funding provided by the CARES Act for the PPP. On April 24, 2020, President Trump signed the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (P.L. 116-139), ...
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| Date April 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46325 |
Title
Fourth COVID-19 Relief Package (P.L. 116-139): In Brief April 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46325 SUMMARY Fourth COVID-19 Relief Package (P.L. 116-139): In Brief On April 23, 2020, Congress passed its fourth measure including supplemental appropriations to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act ( ...
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| Date April 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11322 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Child Support Federal Tax Offset of CARES Act Economic Impact Payments Updated April 24, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136, enacted March 27, 2020) includes direct payments to individuals in 2020 referred to by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as economic impact payments ($1,200 per adult/$2,400 per couple filing a joint return; $ ...
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| Date April 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46324 |
Title
COVID-19: Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Supplemental Appropriations in the CARES Act April 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46324 SUMMARY COVID-19: Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Supplemental Appropriations in the CARES Act R46324 April 24, 2020 Karen E. Lynch Specialist in Social Policy On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid ...
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| Date April 24, 2020 |
Report No. R44225 |
Title
The Internet of Things: CRS Experts Patricia Moloney Figliola, Coordinator Specialist in Internet and Telecommunications Policy Jason A. Gallo Section Research Manager Updated April 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44225 The Internet of Things: CRS Experts The table below provides names and contact information for CRS experts on issues before Congress related to the ...
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| Date April 24, 2020 |
Report No. IF11519 |
Title
April 24, 2020 The Families First Coronavirus Response Act: Federal Employee Leave The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. 116-127) established two types of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related leave for employees: Division C of the FFCRA, titled the Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act (EFMLEA), amended the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to make FMLA leave ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11359 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources for Consumers April 23, 2020 This CRS Insight presents links to websites of selected federal agencies and other organizations potentially relevant to consumers affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These links provide information on mortgage and other consumer payment relief, credit score protection, and consumer- ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11356 |
Title
INSIGHTi Mail Voting and COVID-19: Developments and Potential Challenges April 23, 2020 Most voters reported voting in person in 2018, but the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has complicated in-person voting for certain subsequent elections in 2020. Health risks associated with close contact have prompted concerns about some of the standard interactions involved in preparing for and conducting ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. R46297 |
Title
Federal Prisoners and COVID-19: Background and Authorities to Grant Release Updated April 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46297 SUMMARY Federal Prisoners and COVID-19: Background and Authorities to Grant Release There is concern that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could quickly spread among federal prisoners and prison staff because of the nature of ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11358 |
Title
Some policymakers have expressed concern that certain individuals including older children and adult dependents are not eligible for direct payments enacted as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). The statute refers to these payments as 2020 recovery rebates. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) refers to these payments issued in 2020 as economic ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11314 |
Title
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) included two general tax benefits for business: net operating losses (NOLs) and interest deductions, which reduce taxable income and tax liability. These provisions may interact with existing international tax provisions enacted in the 2017 tax revision, popularly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA (P.L. 115-97 ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IF11516 |
Title
April 23, 2020 COVID-19 Testing: Key Issues The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting communities throughout the United States, with the country reporting the highest number of cases and deaths from the disease globally. Containment and mitigation efforts by federal, state, and local governments have been undertaken to flatten the curve that is, to slow widespread transmission that could overwhelm the ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IF11517 |
Title
April 23, 2020 Secretarial Waiver Authority Under the ESEA and CARES Act On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. The law includes new waiver authority for the Secretary of Education (the Secretary), in addition to the waiver authority the Secretary already has under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). ...
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| Date April 23, 2020 |
Report No. IF11515 |
Title
April 23, 2020 U.S. Foreign Assistance: Budget Development and Execution U.S. foreign assistance provided through Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations is subject to a high level of congressional input, as mandated under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (FAA, P.L. 87-195), as amended. Congress works with the relevant executive agencies through a ...
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| Date April 22, 2020 |
Report No. R46323 |
Title
Reauthorization of Federal Highway Programs April 22, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46323 SUMMARY Reauthorization of Federal Highway Programs R46323 April 22, 2020 Federal highway construction and safety programs are currently authorized through Robert S. Kirk September 30, 2020, under the five-year Fixing America s Surface Transportation Act Specialist in ( ...
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| Date April 22, 2020 |
Report No. R46326 |
Title
Stafford Act Declarations for COVID-19 FAQ April 22, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46326 SUMMARY Stafford Act Declarations for COVID-19 FAQ On March 13, 2020, President Donald J. Trump declared an emergency under Section 501(b) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in response to ...
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| Date April 22, 2020 |
Report No. IN11354 |
Title
INSIGHTi Crude Oil Futures Prices Turn Negative April 22, 2020 What Happened? On April 20, 2020, the futures contract price for the immediate month (May) of West Texas Intermediate (WTI), the U.S. benchmark crude, went negative (see Figure 1). The May futures contract price fell $55.90 during the day, to close at negative $37.62 per barrel. The futures price is a contract, usually monthly, for ...
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| Date April 22, 2020 |
Report No. IN11351 |
Title
The coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused a sudden decline in economic output and surge in unemployment, and it has significantly altered the fiscal outlook for state and local governments. State and local governments use taxes and receipts, debt issuances, and intergovernmental transfers to support spending programs. And, unlike the federal government, states and local governments are generally ...
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