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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10427 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19: Legal Considerations for Bringing a New Vaccine to Market March 24, 2020 As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases increases at an accelerating rate, interest has grown in developing a COVID-19 vaccine as an avenue for addressing the pandemic. Media reports indicate that a number of countries and companies are working on developing a vaccine. The National Institute of ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10428 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19 Pandemic s Effect on Government Contracts March 24, 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic and related mandates and recommendations to practice social distancing, work from home, shelter in place, and self-quarantine impact government contracts by disrupting supply chains and business operations. These disruptions may make it difficult and potentially impossible for some federal ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11272 |
Title
On March 22, 2020, the Senate released an updated version of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act containing a provision for suspending the penalty for failure to make the required minimum distribution (RMD) from retirement accounts for 2020. A similar provision was included in a proposal in the House released on March 23, the Take Responsibility for Workers and Families ...
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| Date March 23, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10344 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Judges Urge Congress to Revise What Can Be Patented Updated March 23, 2020 UPDATE (March 23, 2020): On January 13, 2020, the Supreme Court denied the petition for a writ of certiorari in Athena Diagnostics, Inc. v. Mayo Collaborative Services. Accordingly, the Supreme Court will not review the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The original post on Athena ...
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| Date March 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11269 |
Title
INSIGHTi Emergency Funding for Public Transportation Agencies Due to COVID-19 William J. Mallett Specialist in Transportation Policy March 23, 2020 Public Transportation Agency Budgets The COVID-19 pandemic has reportedly resulted in a swift and large loss of public transportation ridership and fare revenue. Examples in the early days of the crisis include an 88% loss of ridership for New Jersey ...
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| Date March 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11267 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Funding for Civil Aviation Rachel Y. Tang Analyst in Transportation and Industry March 23, 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has created headwinds for the airline industry. Out of health concerns, customers were canceling international air travel to China and other affected countries in Asia as early as January 2020. Since then, travel restrictions imposed by governments around the ...
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| Date March 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11268 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: Summary of the 2020 Recovery Rebates in the March 22 CARES Act Margot L. Crandall-Hollick Acting Section Research Manager March 23, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, circulated on Sunday, March 22, 2020, proposes direct payments intended to broadly stimulate the economy in response to concerns about an ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. R45715 |
Title
Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2020 Updated March 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45715 SUMMARY Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2020 R45715 March 20, 2020 John F. Sargent Jr., President Trump s budget request for FY2020 included approximately $134.1 billion for research Coordinator Specialist in Science and and ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. R46280 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs Potential Role in Addressing the COVID-19 Outbreak March 20, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46280 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs Potential Role in Addressing the COVID-19 Outbreak The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a range of benefits to eligible veterans and their dependents. The department carries out its ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11261 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: Potential Impacts of Direct Payments on Family Incomes March 20, 2020 Several Members of Congress and the Trump Administration have proposed direct cash payments as part of a fiscal response to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct cash payments have previously been part of the federal government s response to economic ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11249 |
Title
INSIGHTi H.R. 6201: Paid Leave and Unemployment Insurance Responses to COVID-19 Updated March 20, 2020 This Insight provides summary information on the paid leave and unemployment insurance (UI) provisions in the House-passed version of H.R. 6201, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, including the technical corrections made by H.Res. 904. For a general discussion of current workplace leave ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11260 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 Economic Stimulus: Business Payroll Tax Cuts March 20, 2020 The economic fallout from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has accelerated rapidly. Policymakers continue to evaluate tax policy economic relief options. Payroll tax cuts for businesses are one option that would provide economic assistance to business activities. Business Payroll Taxes Payroll taxes are collected to ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11262 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: Summary of the 2020 Recovery Rebates in the CARES Act (S. 3548) March 20, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (S. 3548) proposes direct payments of up to $1,200 per person ($2,400 for married taxpayers filing a joint tax return) and $500 per child 2020 recovery rebates. Similar to the 2008 recovery rebates, ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11263 |
Title
INSIGHTi Targeted Tax Relief for Industries Impacted by the Coronavirus: Selected Policy Issues March 20, 2020 One of the policy options being considered to minimize the damage to the U.S. economy from the domestic spread of the coronavirus is tax relief targeted at industries that have experienced substantial drops in revenue. To date, growing numbers of cruise lines, airlines, hotels, ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IF11469 |
Title
March 20, 2020 The Cyberspace Solarium Commission: Illuminating Options for Layered Deterrence In August 2018, Congress authorized the Cyberspace Solarium Commission (Commission), a blue-ribbon panel tasked with examining and developing a strategic approach to defending the United States in cyberspace and protecting its advantages there. The Commission released its report on March 11, 2020. This ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. IN11265 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Passenger Airline Travel Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy March 20, 2020 The COVID-19 global pandemic presents particular risks and challenges to commercial passenger airline travel. Taking a passenger flight involves numerous interpersonal interactions, transiting through often crowded airport terminals, and sitting in close proximity to others for extended periods, ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10425 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Postponing Federal Elections and the COVID19 Pandemic: Legal Considerations March 20, 2020 On March 13, 2020, Louisiana s Governor invoked emergency powers to announce that the state s presidential primary election, previously scheduled for April 4, would be postponed for more than two months as part of the state s response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Other ...
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| Date March 20, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10424 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19: An Overview of Trade-Related Measures to Address Access to Medical Goods March 20, 2020 As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues, government officials around the world have raised questions and concerns about how to ensure that their countries have adequate access to, and supplies of, medical goods, including personal protective equipment (e.g., masks, gloves, ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. R46277 |
Title
Federal Assistance to Troubled Industries: Selected Examples March 19, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46277 SUMMARY Federal Assistance to Troubled Industries: Selected Examples Serious disruptions for certain industries caused by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic have led to calls for federal government assistance to affected industries. Direct federal ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. R46278 |
Title
Policy Topics and Background Related to Mining on Federal Lands March 19, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46278 SUMMARY Policy Topics and Background Related to Mining on Federal Lands The 116th Congress is considering multiple proposed changes to U.S. mineral policy. Currently certain types of mineral production on federal lands provide the federal government ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. R45288 |
Title
Military Child Development Program: Background and Issues Updated March 19, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45288 Military Child Development Program: Background and Issues Summary The Department of Defense (DOD) operates the largest employer-sponsored child care program in the United States, serving approximately 200,000 children of uniformed servicemembers and ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11256 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Historical Precedents March 19, 2020 Members of Congress and the Trump Administration have signaled their support for making direct payments to individuals to address the economic fallout from the COVID-19 outbreak. In current discussions, these payments are sometimes framed in terms of universal basic income or UBI proposals. In the past when ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11264 |
Title
INSIGHTi Presidential Declarations of Emergency for COVID-19: NEA and Stafford Act March 19, 2020 This Insight provides an overview of the presidential declarations of emergency made under the National Emergencies Act (NEA; 50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) and the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in response to the novel coronavirus 2019 ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11257 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Cybercrime Opportunities and Law Enforcement Response March 19, 2020 Opportunistic criminals and other malicious actors exploit the internet and rapidly evolving technology to their advantage. Criminals can compromise financial assets; hacktivists can flood websites with traffic, effectively shutting them down; and spies can steal intellectual property and government secrets. ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. IN11255 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: How Did the 2008 Recovery Rebates Work? March 19, 2020 In response to concerns about an economic slowdown stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers have been considering a broad array of policy options. Some are targeted directly toward individuals and industries that may be most affected. Others would more broadly seek to stimulate ...
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| Date March 19, 2020 |
Report No. IF11468 |
Title
March 19, 2020 Federal Executive Agencies: Hiring Flexibilities for Emergency Situations On January 31, 2020, Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar declared a public health emergency for the United States in response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To assist the federal government in responding to the emergency, Congress passed legislation that provides Direct-Hire Authority ( ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. IN11231 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Defense Production Act (DPA) and COVID-19: Key Authorities and Policy Considerations Updated March 18, 2020 As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic evolves, the United States faces drug and medical supply scarcities due to disrupted supply chains and increased demand. In response, the President may exercise emergency authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA; 50 U.S.C. ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. R46274 |
Title
The Palestinians and Amendments to the Anti-Terrorism Act: U.S. Aid and Personal Jurisdiction Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Jennifer K. Elsea Legislative Attorney March 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R46274 SUMMARY The Palestinians and Amendments to the AntiTerrorism Act: U.S. Aid and Personal Jurisdiction Two recent amendments to the Anti-Terrorism ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. IN11254 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: How the 2009 Economic Recovery Payment Worked March 18, 2020 In response to concerns about an economic slowdown due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, some lawmakers have expressed interest in providing direct cash payments to Americans. One option to provide such payments would be to establish a new advanced refundable tax ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. IN11252 |
Title
INSIGHTi Overview of Initial Responses to COVID-19 by the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts and by Select Courts Within the Federal Judiciary Barry J. McMillion Analyst in American National Government March 18, 2020 This CRS Insight provides information related to initial responses to Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, by the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts and select courts within the ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10420 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Grants Stay in MPP Case March 18, 2020 On March 11, 2020, the Supreme Court issued an order in Wolf v. Innovation Law Lab allowing the Trump Administration to continue enforcing its Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) also known as the Remain in Mexico policy while litigation concerning the policy s legality continues. Under the MPP, Customs and Border Protection (CBP), ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10422 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19 Medical Countermeasures: Intellectual Property and Affordability March 18, 2020 Federal agencies and private industry have begun efforts to develop and test medical countermeasures (such as antiviral treatments and vaccines) to combat COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. For example, Gilead Sciences has begun clinical trials, both in China and ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. R46276 |
Title
The Hours of Service (HOS) Rule for Commercial Truck Drivers and the Electronic Logging Device (ELD) Mandate David Randall Peterman Analyst in Transportation Policy March 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46276 SUMMARY The Hours of Service (HOS) Rule for Commercial Truck Drivers and the Electronic Logging Device (ELD) Mandate In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, on March ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10421 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Steel Subject to Tariffs: Federal Circuit Upholds Constitutionality of Section 232 March 18, 2020 In a February 28, 2020, decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) affirmed a judgment of the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT) upholding the constitutionality of Congress s delegation of tariff authority to the executive branch in Section 232(b) ...
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| Date March 18, 2020 |
Report No. IN11232 |
Title
The current COVID-19 pandemic may have significant economic implications for businesses and nonprofit organizations, including negative impacts on imports, global supply chains, and tourism. Furthermore, if COVID19 becomes increasingly widespread or prolonged it may slow global growth, and some businesses may be forced to furlough or lay off workers. One potential form of assistance to small ...
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| Date March 17, 2020 |
Report No. IN11243 |
Title
INSIGHTi Tax Credit for Paid Sick and Family Leave in the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) (Updated) Updated March 17, 2020 The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) includes an employer tax credit for the paid sick and family leave required as part of this legislation. This tax credit is intended to cover the cost to businesses of providing paid leave to address ...
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| Date March 17, 2020 |
Report No. IN11247 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: Considerations on Using Advanced Refundable Credits as Economic Stimulus March 17, 2020 In response to concerns about an economic slowdown stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers have been considering a broad array of policy options. Some are targeted directly toward the individuals and industries that may be most affected. Others ...
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| Date March 17, 2020 |
Report No. IN11248 |
Title
INSIGHTi What If the Philippines Ends the Visiting Forces Agreement? March 17, 2020 On February 10, 2020, the Government of the Philippines submitted to the U.S. Embassy in Manila a notice of termination of the Philippines-U.S. Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA). The VFA governs the legal status of U.S. military forces operating in the Philippines and establishes rules by which U.S. troops, vessels ...
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| Date March 17, 2020 |
Report No. IF11447 |
Title
Updated March 17, 2020 COVID-19: Social Insurance and Other Income-Support Options for Those Unable to Work Overview There is uncertainty about how the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may spread in the United States; what measures federal, state, or local governments may take to mitigate the spread; and the possible effect on individual income security from both. This In Focus provides an ...
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| Date March 17, 2020 |
Report No. IF11463 |
Title
March 17, 2020 Music Licensing: The ASCAP and BMI Consent Decrees On June 5, 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that it was opening a review of two consent decrees that play a critical role in the music industry. The decrees regulate the copyright licensing activities of the two largest U.S. performing rights organizations (PROs): the American Society of Composers, Authors and ...
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| Date March 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11245 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and the Cruise Ship Industry March 16, 2020 The cruise ship industry has been heavily impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Major cruise lines have canceled trips from U.S. ports over the next month. In recent weeks, several cruise ships have been quarantined offshore and U.S government health officials have advised against cruise ship travel for the time being. These ...
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| Date March 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11233 |
Title
INSIGHTi Workplace Leave and Unemployment Insurance for Individuals Affected by COVID-19 Updated March 16, 2020 This Insight provides a brief overview of the current availability of job-connected assistance to individuals, which may be relevant to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Specifically, this product discusses workplace leave, paid and unpaid, that may be available to ...
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| Date March 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11240 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Potential Role of Net Operating Loss (NOL) Carrybacks in Addressing the Economic Effects Mark P. Keightley Specialist in Economics March 16, 2020 A number of industries may suffer losses in 2020 as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The travel and tourism industry, and restaurant industry, appear particularly susceptible at the moment due to an uptick ...
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| Date March 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11242 |
Title
INSIGHTi Power Generation and Electric Reliability in the U.S. Virgin Islands Corrie E. Clark Analyst in Energy Policy March 16, 2020 Two and a half years after Hurricanes Irma and Maria damaged 80% to 90% of the power transmission and distribution systems across the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), financial and infrastructure issues continue to challenge the U.S. Virgin Islands Water and Power ...
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| Date March 16, 2020 |
Report No. IF11454 |
Title
Updated March 16, 2020 Telework in Executive Agencies: Background, OPM Guidance, and 116th Congress Legislation Following Coronavirus Background The Telework Enhancement Act of 2010, enacted on December 9, 2010 (P.L. 111-292, 124 Stat. 3165), and codified at Chapter 65 of Title 5 of the United States Code, authorizes telework in executive agencies, defines teleworking, and establishes requirements ...
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| Date March 16, 2020 |
Report No. IF11461 |
Title
March 16, 2020 The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) Introduction Since 1980, outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EID) have been occurring with greater frequency and causing higher numbers of human infections. Roughly 65% of these outbreaks have been caused by zoonotic pathogens, involving pathogen spread from animals to humans, often through a vector, such as a mosquito. Each year, ...
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| Date March 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46271 |
Title
Business Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, and 2022 ( Tax Extenders ) March 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46271 SUMMARY Business Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, and 2022 ( Tax Extenders ) Thirteen temporary business tax provisions are scheduled to expire at the end of 2020. Four other temporary business tax provisions are scheduled to expire ...
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| Date March 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46272 |
Title
Trade-Related Agencies: FY2020 Appropriations, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) March 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46272 SUMMARY Trade-Related Agencies: FY2020 Appropriations, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) This report provides an overview of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 budget request and appropriations for the ...
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| Date March 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11237 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sunshine Week: Selected Issues for Congress March 13, 2020 Coinciding with former President James Madison s birthday, Sunshine Week recognizes the importance of transparency in government operations, and the work of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA; 5 U.S.C. 552) professionals across the federal government. Considered a defender of open government, Madison wrote, A popular Government ...
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| Date March 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11238 |
Title
INSIGHTi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Poses Challenges for the U.S. Blood Supply March 13, 2020 The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak may pose significant challenges for the United States blood supply. Mitigation strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as closures of schools and workplaces, have led to blood drive cancellations, resulting in a critical blood ...
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