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| Date March 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11239 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Broadband: Potential Implications for the Digital Divide Colby Leigh Rachfal Analyst in Telecommunications Policy March 13, 2020 According to the Federal Communications Commission s (FCC) 2019 Broadband Deployment Report, approximately 21.3 million Americans lack a broadband connection speed of at least 25 megabits per second (Mbps) download/3 Mbps upload, which is the FCC s ...
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| Date March 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11251 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Stafford Act Emergency Declaration for COVID-19 Erica A. Lee Analyst in Emergency Management and Disaster Recovery Bruce R. Lindsay Analyst in American National Government Elizabeth M. Webster Analyst in Emergency Management and Disaster Recovery March 13, 2020 This Insight provides an overview of emergency declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency ...
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| Date March 12, 2020 |
Report No. R46266 |
Title
The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Reauthorization Issues in the 116th Congress March 12, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46266 SUMMARY The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Reauthorization Issues in the 116th Congress Coal mining and production in the United States during the 20 th century contributed to the nation meeting its energy requirements and left a ...
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| Date March 12, 2020 |
Report No. IN11236 |
Title
INSIGHTi Oversight Provisions in H.R. 6074, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act March 12, 2020 President Donald Trump signed H.R. 6074, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, on March 6, 2020. It provides a total of $8.3 billion in supplemental funding to support the response of the United States to Coronavirus Disease 2019 ...
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| Date March 12, 2020 |
Report No. R46239 |
Title
Telehealth and Telemedicine: Frequently Asked Questions Updated March 12, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46239 Telehealth and Telemedicine: Frequently Asked Questions Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 General Information ...
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| Date March 12, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10419 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The First Amendment and Encouraging or Inducing Unlawful Immigration March 12, 2020 In United States v. Sineneng-Smith, the Supreme Court is considering the constitutionality of a federal criminal prohibition against encouraging or inducing illegal immigration. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit previously held that the law was unconstitutionally overbroad in violation ...
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| Date March 12, 2020 |
Report No. IF11458 |
Title
March 12, 2020 Military Health System Reform: Military Treatment Facilities The Department of Defense (DOD) administers a statutory health entitlement (under Chapter 55 of Title 10, U.S. Code) through the Military Health System (MHS). The MHS offers health care benefits and services to approximately 9.6 million beneficiaries composed of servicemembers, military retirees, and family members. Health ...
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| Date March 11, 2020 |
Report No. R46265 |
Title
Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service: Issues and Options for Congress Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services Kate P. McClanahan Analyst on the Appropriations Process March 11, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46265 SUMMARY Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service: Issues and Options for Congress The Indian Health Service (IHS) within the ...
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| Date March 11, 2020 |
Report No. R46269 |
Title
FY2019 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) March 11, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46269 SUMMARY FY2019 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), most recently comprehensively amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; ...
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| Date March 11, 2020 |
Report No. IN11234 |
Title
INSIGHTi Tax Cuts as Fiscal Stimulus: Comparing a Payroll Tax Cut to a One-Time Tax Rebate March 11, 2020 The Trump Administration and certain Members of Congress have expressed interest in a temporary payroll tax reduction as a fiscal stimulus response to economic concerns resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Other lawmakers have emphasized that, with respect to tax-relief ...
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| Date March 11, 2020 |
Report No. IN11235 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Potential Economic Effects March 11, 2020 This Insight discusses the potential economic effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the U.S. economy. For background on the coronavirus, see CRS In Focus IF11421, COVID-19: Global Implications and Responses, by Sara M. Tharakan et al. Channels Through Which the Virus Could Affect the Economy Although the COVID-19 outbreak presently is ...
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| Date March 11, 2020 |
Report No. IF11452 |
Title
March 11, 2020 Staffing Trends in the USDA Farm Production and Conservation (FPAC) Mission Area The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers federal farm and conservation programs primarily through three agencies: the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), the Farm Service Agency (FSA), and the Risk Management Agency (RMA). All three agencies have experienced staffing declines ...
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| Date March 11, 2020 |
Report No. IF11453 |
Title
March 11, 2020 Australia: Fires Highlight Government s Climate Challenge Overview The recent devastating bush fires in Australia highlight the country s growing dilemma over climate change. Australia s economy remains heavily weighted toward extractive industries, leading to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to climate change. A growing portion of voters see climate change as a threat to ...
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| Date March 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10417 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Red Army Equifax Hackers Indicted March 10, 2020 A federal grand jury has indicted four members of the Chinese People s Liberation Army (PLA) for hacking into the Equifax computer system and stealing the personal identifying information of nearly 150 million Americans. The indictments charge offenses under federal wire fraud, computer intrusion, economic espionage, and conspiracy ...
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| Date March 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10386 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Immigration Enforcement & the AntiCommandeering Doctrine: Recent Litigation on State Information-Sharing Restrictions Updated March 10, 2020 Although the federal government is vested with exclusive power to regulate the entry and removal of nonU.S. nationals (aliens), the impact of immigration is acutely felt in local communities. Some states and local governments have agreed to ...
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| Date March 9, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10409 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Liu v. SEC: The Supreme Court to Consider Whether Disgorgement is an Equitable Remedy in SEC Enforcement Actions Updated March 9, 2020 Disgorgement is a remedy that requires securities law violators to give up ill-gotten gains, or gross proceeds, from illegal conduct. In Liu v. Securities and Exchange Commission, which was argued on March 3, 2020, the Supreme Court heard argument as ...
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| Date March 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46246 |
Title
The SALT Cap: Overview and Analysis March 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46246 SUMMARY The SALT Cap: Overview and Analysis Taxpayers who elect to itemize their deductions may reduce their federal income tax liability by claiming a deduction for certain state and local taxes paid, often called the SALT deduction. The 2017 tax revision (commonly referred to ...
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| Date March 6, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10416 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Catch Me If You Scan: Constitutionality of Compelled Decryption Divides the Courts March 6, 2020 In the digital age, courts have been tasked with determining how longstanding constitutional protections for criminal suspects and defendants apply to new forms of technology like smartphones that are portable, nearly ubiquitous, and increasingly capable of revealing extremely intimate ...
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| Date March 5, 2020 |
Report No. R45034 |
Title
Haiti s Political and Economic Conditions Updated March 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45034 Haiti s Political and Economic Conditions Summary Since the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986, Haiti has struggled to overcome its centurieslong legacy of authoritarianism, disrespect for human rights, underdevelopment, and extreme poverty. Widespread ...
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| Date March 5, 2020 |
Report No. IN11230 |
Title
INSIGHTi Payroll Tax Cuts as an Economic Stimulus Response to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) March 5, 2020 The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has increased concerns that the U.S. economy could be affected as part of a global economic downturn. A range of fiscal and monetary policy tools have been used to address prior times of economic weakness. One option for fiscal stimulus is a ...
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| Date March 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46257 |
Title
Senate Floor Privileges: History and Current Practice March 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46257 SUMMARY Senate Floor Privileges: History and Current Practice Senate Standing Rule XXIII, Privilege of the Floor, designates those afforded access to the Senate floor while the Senate is in session. In addition to sitting Senators, the rule lists several ...
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| Date March 5, 2020 |
Report No. IF11445 |
Title
March 5, 2020 The Election Infrastructure Subsector: Development and Challenges In January 2017, in accordance with Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designated the systems and assets used in elections as the Election Infrastructure Subsector (EIS) of the Government Facilities critical infrastructure sector. DHS defines critical infrastructure as ...
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| Date March 4, 2020 |
Report No. R42747 |
Title
Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Updated March 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42747 SUMMARY Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), operates one of the nation s largest integrated health care delivery systems. The VHA ...
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| Date March 4, 2020 |
Report No. R46255 |
Title
International Food Assistance: FY2020 Appropriations March 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46255 SUMMARY International Food Assistance: FY2020 Appropriations U.S. international food assistance programs provide food, or the means to purchase food, to people around the world at risk of hunger. Congress funds these programs through two appropriations bills: the ...
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| Date March 4, 2020 |
Report No. R46256 |
Title
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA): Maternal Health Programs March 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46256 SUMMARY Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA): Maternal Health Programs The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is one of the federal agencies charged with ...
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| Date March 4, 2020 |
Report No. R46251 |
Title
Committee Jurisdiction and Referral in the House March 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46251 Committee Jurisdiction and Referral in the House Summary When legislation is introduced in the House or received from the Senate, it is referred to one or more committees primarily on the basis of the jurisdictional statements contained in clause 1 of House Rule X. ...
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| Date March 3, 2020 |
Report No. R46249 |
Title
U.S. Farm Income Outlook: February 2020 Forecast March 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46249 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Income Outlook: February 2020 Forecast R46249 March 3, 2020 Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy This report uses the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA) farm income projections (as of February 5, 2020) to describe the U.S. farm ...
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| Date March 3, 2020 |
Report No. R43935 |
Title
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): History and Overview Updated March 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43935 Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): History and Overview Summary Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) through the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of ...
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| Date March 3, 2020 |
Report No. RL34524 |
Title
International Trade: Rules of Origin Updated March 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34524 SUMMARY International Trade: Rules of Origin Rules of origin (ROO) are laws, regulations, and procedures used to determine the country of origin of an imported product. They are a significant part of international trade policy because ROO are needed to properly assess ...
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| Date March 3, 2020 |
Report No. R42638 |
Title
Appropriations: CRS Experts Updated March 3, 2020 (R42638) Contents Tables Table 1. General: Cross-Cutting Issues, Bill Coordinators Table 2. Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Table 3. Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies Appropriations Table 4. Department of Defense Appropriations Table 5. Energy and Water Development and ...
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| Date March 3, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10389 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Fifth Circuit Holds the Individual Mandate Unconstitutional: Implications for Congress Updated March 3, 2020 Update 3/2/20: On March 2, 2020, the Supreme Court granted review in the Texas litigation. The questions at issue before the Court are: (1) whether the individual and state plaintiffs have standing to challenge the individual mandate; (2) whether the individual mandate, as ...
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| Date March 3, 2020 |
Report No. IF11444 |
Title
March 3, 2020 Mauritania Political instability, military rule, and Islamist terrorist threats have been recurrent challenges in Mauritania. Yet the country recently underwent its first electoral transfer of power after a president completed two elected terms in office, and it is the only country in the Sahel region not to have experienced a deadly terrorist attack since 2011. U.S. engagement has ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. R46244 |
Title
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Frequently Asked Questions About Small Refinery Exemptions (SREs) March 2, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46244 SUMMARY The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Frequently Asked Questions About Small Refinery Exemptions (SREs) R46244 March 2, 2020 Kelsi Bracmort Specialist in Natural Resources and Energy Policy In the Energy Policy ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. R46219 |
Title
Overview of U.S. Domestic Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Sarah A. Lister, Coordinator Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Kavya Sekar, Coordinator Analyst in Health Policy Agata Dabrowska Analyst in Health Policy Frank Gottron Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Audrey Singer Specialist in Immigration Policy Amanda K. Sarata Specialist in Health Policy Updated ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10414 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Court Revisits Abortion and Hospital Admitting-Privileges Requirement March 2, 2020 On March 4, 2020, the Supreme Court is to hear oral arguments in June Medical Services LLC v. Russo, a case involving a Louisiana law requiring physicians who perform abortions to have admitting privileges at a hospital within thirty miles of the location where the procedure is performed. Under the ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. R42656 |
Title
Federal Land Management Agencies and Programs: CRS Experts Updated March 2, 2020 (R42656) Congress faces multiple issues regarding the ownership and management of federal lands and related resources. The following table provides access to names and contact information of CRS experts on general policy issues related to federal land management, as well as the CRS experts on the specific agencies ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. IF11441 |
Title
March 2, 2020 Transfer of Defense Articles: Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) United States firms received licenses to export more than $136 billion of defense articles and services in FY 2018 directly to eligible foreign entities, be they governments, corporations, or individuals. Such transactions are conducted as Direct Commercial Sales (DCS), for which the U.S. government (USG) issues export ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. IF11442 |
Title
March 2, 2020 FY2021 Budget Request for the Military Health System On February 10, 2020, President Donald Trump submitted his Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 budget request to Congress. The Department of Defense (DOD) budget request totals $705.4 billion, including $50.8 billion (7.2%) to fund the Military Health System (MHS). DOD refers to this latter portion of the DOD budget request as the unified ...
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| Date March 2, 2020 |
Report No. IF11434 |
Title
Updated March 2, 2020 The Coronavirus: U.S.-China Economic Considerations The novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) is slowing economic activity in China and raising concerns about potential U.S. supply chain vulnerabilities in a range of sectors that rely directly and indirectly on China-based suppliers. These sectors include medical supplies, pharmaceuticals, auto parts, microelectronics, and ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11228 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Economic Development Implications February 28, 2020 The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has led to tens of thousands of cases and thousands of deaths worldwide. In addition to the disease s mortality and public health effects, it may have potentially significant economic implications, including productivity losses, supply chain disruptions, labor dislocation, and ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2020 |
Report No. R46242 |
Title
Major Agricultural Trade Issues in 2020 Anita Regmi, Coordinator Analyst in Agricultural Policy Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development Genevieve K. Croft Analyst in Agricultural Policy Joel L. Greene Analyst in Agricultural Policy Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy February 27, 2020 Congressional Research ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2020 |
Report No. R46241 |
Title
U.S.-EU Trade Agreement Negotiations: Trade in Food and Agricultural Products Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy Andres B. Schwarzenberg Analyst in International Trade and Finance February 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46241 SUMMARY U.S.-EU Trade Agreement Negotiations: Trade in Food and Agricultural Products The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative ( ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2020 |
Report No. R46245 |
Title
ESEA: Title I-A Standards, Assessments, Accountability, Report Cards, and Frequently Asked Questions February 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46245 SUMMARY ESEA: Title I-A Standards, Assessments, Accountability, Report Cards, and Frequently Asked Questions R46245 February 27, 2020 Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education Policy The Elementary and ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10413 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Record Scratch: Expunging Federal Criminal Records and Congressional Considerations February 27, 2020 Although states in recent years have enacted legislation concerning the expungement of criminal records that is, the process of sealing or destroying an individual s criminal record to restore the person to the position he occupied before his involvement in the criminal justice ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10350 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Mathena v. Malvo A Challenge to Life Without Parole for the Juvenile D.C. Sniper Updated February 27, 2020 UPDATE: On February 24, 2020, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed into law HB 35, which provides that any person previously sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for offenses committed as a juvenile shall be eligible for parole after serving 20 years in prison. The ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF11129 |
Title
Updated February 27, 2020 Wells Fargo A Timeline of Recent Consumer Protection and Corporate Governance Scandals Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., is a large federally chartered depository bank. It is a subsidiary of Wells Fargo and Company, a bank holding company (hereinafter, Wells Fargo or the bank). Wells Fargo is the fourth-largest bank in the United States with $1.9 trillion in assets at the end of ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2020 |
Report No. R44367 |
Title
Federal Freight Policy: In Brief Updated February 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44367 Federal Freight Policy: In Brief Contents Freight System Components............................................................................................................ 1 The Federal Role in Planning ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2020 |
Report No. R42405 |
Title
European Energy Security: Options for EU Natural Gas Diversification Updated February 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42405 European Energy Security: Options for EU Natural Gas Diversification Summary As a major energy consuming region, Europe faces a number of challenges in addressing its future energy needs. For member states of the European Union (EU), ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10412 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Record Scratch: Expunging Federal Criminal Records and Congressional Considerations February 26, 2020 Although states in recent years have enacted legislation concerning the expungement of criminal records that is, the process of sealing or destroying an individual s criminal record to restore the person to the position he occupied before his involvement in the criminal justice ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2020 |
Report No. RL33388 |
Title
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance Updated February 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL33388 SUMMARY The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) RL33388 February 26, 2020 James K. Jackson The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is an ...
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