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| Date Feb. 7, 2020 |
Report No. R46183 |
Title
The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard: Overview and Select Considerations Updated February 7, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46183 SUMMARY The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard: Overview and Select Considerations R46183 February 7, 2020 Genevieve K. Croft Analyst in Agricultural Policy In July 2016, Congress enacted P.L. 114-216 ( ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2020 |
Report No. R46218 |
Title
Illicit Drug Smuggling Between Ports of Entry and Border Barriers February 7, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46218 SUMMARY Illicit Drug Smuggling Between Ports of Entry and Border Barriers Policy discussions around border security often involve questions about how illicit drugs flow into the United States. These include questions about the smugglers, types and ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11412 |
Title
Updated February 7, 2020 U.S.-China Phase I Deal: Agriculture On January 15, 2020, President Trump signed a Phase I executive agreement (that does not require congressional approval) with the Chinese government on trade and investment issues, including agriculture. This marks at least the temporary resolution of a dispute that began when the United States imposed tariffs on a wide range of Chinese ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11424 |
Title
February 7, 2020 Role of Online Services in Entertainment Industry Diversity Government Interest in Media Diversity The representation of diverse points of view and diverse ownership of businesses within the television industry has long been of interest to Congress. Among other laws, Section 257(b) of the Communications Act [47 U.S.C. 257], enacted as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11423 |
Title
February 7, 2020 African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) On May 30, 2019, the framework agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) entered into force. Trading under the agreement, however, is not expected to occur until mid-2020 at the earliest, as negotiations continue on critical commitments, including tariff liberalization schedules. If fully realized, the ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46215 |
Title
U.S. Bilateral International Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs: Background and Selected Issues February 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46215 SUMMARY U.S. Bilateral International Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs: Background and Selected Issues R46215 February 6, 2020 Sara M. Tharakan Analyst in Global Health and International ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2020 |
Report No. RL30354 |
Title
Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions Updated February 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30354 SUMMARY Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions Congress has delegated responsibility for monetary policy to the Federal Reserve (the Fed), the nation s central bank, but retains oversight ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2020 |
Report No. IN11010 |
Title
INSIGHTi Funding for ACA-Established PatientCentered Outcomes Research Trust Fund (PCORTF) Extended Through FY2029 Updated February 6, 2020 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended) authorized the establishment of a private, nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation called the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) at Social Security Act (SSA) ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2020 |
Report No. IF11328 |
Title
Updated February 6, 2020 Inherited or Stretch Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and the SECURE Act Background Traditional and Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) provide tax-advantaged ways for individuals to save for retirement. Traditional IRA contributions can be tax deductible, but withdrawals are included in taxable income. Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible, but ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46212 |
Title
Wage Inequality and the Stagnation of Earnings of Low-Wage Workers: Contributing Factors and Policy Options February 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46212 SUMMARY Wage Inequality and the Stagnation of Earnings of Low-Wage Workers: Contributing Factors and Policy Options R46212 February 5, 2020 Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Over the ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46214 |
Title
Federal Spending on Benefits and Services for People with Low Income: FY2008-FY2018 Update February 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46214 SUMMARY Federal Spending on Benefits and Services for People with Low Income: FY2008-FY2018 Update The Congressional Research Service (CRS) regularly receives requests about federal benefits and services targeted to low- ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46213 |
Title
Oil Market Effects from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Iran, Russia, Venezuela February 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46213 SUMMARY Oil Market Effects from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Iran, Russia, Venezuela R46213 February 5, 2020 Phillip Brown Economic sanctions imposed by the United States through enacted legislation and executive Specialist in Energy Policy ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2020 |
Report No. IF11422 |
Title
February 5, 2020 Federal Securities Laws: An Overview Securities Act of 1933 The Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act) governs the process by which companies issue securities. The Act prohibits any person from offering or selling a security to the public unless the offering has been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or falls under an exemption. The Act s exemptions ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10403 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Legal Basis for the U.S.-China Phase One Agreement and Implications for Implementation February 4, 2020 On January 15, 2020, the United States and China signed and released the text of a phase one agreement to address some of the trade and investment issues between the Parties, including the issues that the Administration investigated pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act of ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2020 |
Report No. IN11216 |
Title
INSIGHTi Egypt: Death of American Citizen and Congressional Response Jeremy M. Sharp Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs February 4, 2020 Overview On January 13, 2020, Mustafa Kassem, a dual U.S.-Egyptian citizen who had been detained in Egypt since 2013, died of heart failure in an Egyptian prison after a two-year hunger strike. The Egyptian government has defended its treatment of Kassem, ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2020 |
Report No. R46211 |
Title
National Security Space Launch February 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46211 SUMMARY National Security Space Launch The United States is making significant efforts to pursue a strategy that ensures continued access to space for national security missions. The current strategy is embodied in the National Security Space Launch (NSSL) program. The NSSL ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2020 |
Report No. R44843 |
Title
The Current State of Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform and Management Updated February 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44843 The Current State of Federal IT Reform and Management Summary The Government Accountability Office (GAO) has reported that the federal government budgets more than $90 billion each year on information technology (IT) ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IF11158 |
Title
Updated February 3, 2020 Bureau of Reclamation: FY2020 Appropriations Overview Most of the large dams and water diversion structures in the 17 states west of the Mississippi River were built by, or with the assistance of, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), part of the Department of the Interior. Reclamation s original mission was to develop water supplies, primarily for irrigation to reclaim ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10341 |
Title
Legal Sidebar DHS Final Rule on Public Charge: Overview and Considerations for Congress Updated February 3, 2020 On August 14, 2019, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published a final rule that contains new regulations interpreting the public charge ground of inadmissibility in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The regulations make it more likely that non-U.S. nationals (aliens) ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IF11221 |
Title
Updated February 3, 2020 Introduction to Financial Services: Corporate Governance Introduction Broadly speaking, corporate governance is the system through which a public company s objectives and the means for obtaining them are established and monitored by the company s board of directors and management. Structurally, the system comprises a web of relationships among a firm s management, board of ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2020 |
Report No. R46210 |
Title
FY2020 Disaster Supplemental and Tax Legislation: CRS Experts William L. Painter, Coordinator Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations January 31, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46210 FY2020 Disaster Supplemental and Tax Legislation: CRS Experts The House Appropriations Committee has introduced H.R. 5687, legislation that includes supplemental appropriations and ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11079 |
Title
INSIGHTi Advance Refunding Bonds and P.L. 115-97 Updated January 31, 2020 On January 29, 2020, the chairs of the House Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Ways and Means Committees released the Moving Forward Framework, which would invest roughly $760 billion in infrastructure projects over a five-year period. Among other things, the draft would reinstate the ability to ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11192 |
Title
INSIGHTi Lebanon Forms New Government Amid Economic Crisis, Ongoing Protests Updated January 31, 2020 On January 21, Lebanese Prime Minister Hassan Diab announced the formation of a new Lebanese government, 85 days after nationwide protests triggered the resignation of former Prime Minister Saad Hariri. The new cabinet is comprised entirely of parties allied with the March 8 political bloc headed ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2020 |
Report No. IF10971 |
Title
Updated January 31, 2020 Section 232 Auto Investigation Background On May 17, 2019, President Trump announced his Administration s determination that U.S. imports of automobiles and certain automotive parts threaten to impair U.S. national security. Under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862, as amended), this determination gives the President broad authority to respond ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10400 |
Title
Legal Sidebar USMCA: Implementation and Considerations for Congress January 30, 2020 On January 29, 2020, the President signed into law the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) Implementation Act, H.R. 5430, which approves and implements USMCA. Once USMCA enters into force, the obligations in that Agreement will replace the Parties obligations under the North American Free Trade Agreement ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10402 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Safe Third Country Agreements with Northern Triangle Countries: Background and Legal Issues January 30, 2020 The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) recently began implementing an agreement with the government of Guatemala that allows DHS to transfer some asylum seekers to that country instead of evaluating their claims for protection in the United States. According to a report, ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. R46217 |
Title
Indo-Pacific Strategies of U.S. Allies and Partners: Issues for Congress Ben Dolven, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Bruce Vaughn, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs January 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46217 SUMMARY Indo-Pacific Strategies of U.S. Allies and Partners: Issues for Congress China s growing confidence in asserting itself regionally and ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. R46207 |
Title
Competition on the Edge of the Internet Clare Y. Cho Analyst in Industrial Organization and Business January 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46207 SUMMARY Competition on the Edge of the Internet Edge providers are individuals and entities that provide content, applications, services, and devices accessed over the internet. An edge provider can be a personal blog created ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10399 |
Title
Legal Sidebar USMCA: Implementation and Considerations for Congress January 30, 2020 On January 29, 2020, the President signed into law the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) Implementation Act, H.R. 5430, which approves and implements USMCA. Once USMCA enters into force, the obligations in that Agreement will replace the Parties obligations under the North American Free Trade Agreement ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. R46115 |
Title
Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI): The SEC s Rule for Broker-Dealers Gary Shorter Specialist in Financial Economics Updated January 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46115 SUMMARY Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI): The SEC s Rule for Broker-Dealers On June 5, 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) voted to adopt Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI) under the ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. IF11391 |
Title
Updated January 30, 2020 USMCA: Amendment and Key Changes Overview On December 10, 2019, the United States, Canada, and Mexico agreed to a protocol of amendment to the proposed U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). The amendments include modifications to key elements of the original text in regard to dispute settlement, labor and environmental provisions, intellectual property rights (IPR), and ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11214 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel and the Palestinians: U.S. Peace Plan and Possible Israeli Annexation Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs January 30, 2020 President Trump released a long-promised Peace to Prosperity plan for Israel and the Palestinians on January 28, 2020, after obtaining support from Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and Netanyahu s main political rival Benny Gantz. The ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2020 |
Report No. IF11418 |
Title
January 30, 2020 USMCA: A Legal Interpretation of the Panel-Formation Provisions and the Question of Panel Blocking Congress has shown an interest in the effectiveness of the dispute settlement mechanism in the United States-MexicoCanada Agreement (USMCA), which will replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Some Members have questioned its effectiveness, and, as part of the ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2020 |
Report No. R46204 |
Title
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement: A Summary January 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46204 SUMMARY The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement: A Summary R46204 January 29, 2020 Jane A. Leggett Specialist in Energy and ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2020 |
Report No. R45708 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2020 Appropriations Updated January 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45708 SUMMARY Energy and Water Development: FY2020 Appropriations The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); the Department of the Interior s ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2020 |
Report No. IN10971 |
Title
INSIGHTi Escalating U.S. Tariffs: Affected Trade Updated January 29, 2020 The trade practices of U.S. trading partners and the U.S. trade deficit are a focus of the Trump Administration. Citing these and other concerns, the President has imposed tariff increases under three U.S. laws: (1) Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 on U.S. imports of washing machines and solar products, due to concerns ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2020 |
Report No. R45702 |
Title
Overview of FY2020 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) Updated January 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45702 SUMMARY Overview of FY2020 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) R45702 January 29, 2020 Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy This report describes actions taken by the Trump ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2020 |
Report No. IN10943 |
Title
INSIGHTi Escalating U.S. Tariffs: Timeline Updated January 29, 2020 The trade practices of U.S. trading partners and the U.S. trade deficit are a focus of the Trump Administration. Citing these and other concerns, the President has imposed tariff increases under three U.S. laws: (1) Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 (Table 1) on U.S. imports of washing machines and solar products due to ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2020 |
Report No. IN11212 |
Title
INSIGHTi Another Coronavirus Emerges: U.S. Domestic Response to 2019-nCoV January 29, 2020 The Emergence of 2019-nCoV On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. Illnesses have since been linked to a previously unidentified strain of coronavirus, designated 2019 novel Coronavirus, or 2019-nCoV. To date, thousands have been ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46200 |
Title
Recent Slower Economic Growth in the United States: Policy Implications January 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46200 SUMMARY Recent Slower Economic Growth in the United States: Policy Implications R46200 January 28, 2020 Marc Labonte The current economic expansion is the longest in recorded U.S. history, but it has not been Specialist in Macroeconomic ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46198 |
Title
Internet Regimes and WTO E-Commerce Negotiations Rachel F. Fefer Analyst in International Trade and Finance January 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46198 SUMMARY Internet Regimes and WTO E-Commerce Negotiations R46198 January 28, 2020 Rachel F. Fefer From retail to agriculture or healthcare, digitization has affected all sectors and allowed more Analyst in International ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R45441 |
Title
Government Expenditures on Defense Research and Development by the United States and Other OECD Countries: Fact Sheet Updated January 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45441 U.S. and Other OECD Countries Government Expenditures on Defense R&D: Fact Sheet Background Research and development (R&D) has played a central role in the national security of the United ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R41916 |
Title
The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Initiative Updated January 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41916 The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Initiative Summary Difficulty with striking an appropriate balance between national security and export competitiveness has made the subject of export controls ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46197 |
Title
The Washington Post s Afghanistan Papers and U.S. Policy: Main Points and Possible Questions for Congress Clayton Thomas Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs January 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46197 SUMMARY The Washington Post s Afghanistan Papers and U.S. Policy: Main Points and Possible Questions for Congress R46197 January 28, 2020 Clayton Thomas Analyst in Middle ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2020 |
Report No. IN11215 |
Title
INSIGHTi Burma Ordered to Prevent Genocide Against Rohingya January 27, 2020 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) on January 23, 2020, ordered Burma to undertake four provisional measures to prevent genocidal acts against the Rohingya and prevent the destruction and ensure the preservation of evidence related to allegations of [genocidal] acts. The ICJ order comes two days after Burma s ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF11420 |
Title
January 27, 2020 Aircraft Noise and Air Traffic Control Modernization The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is replacing its radar-based air traffic control system with a satellite-based navigation and tracking system called NextGen. The stated purpose of NextGen is to increase airspace utilization and improve air traffic flows, allowing airliners to fly more efficiently, thereby cutting fuel ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF10337 |
Title
Updated January 27, 2020 Challenges to the United States in Space Preserving key U.S. national security and economic interests is widely seen to depend on assured access and widespread use of space-based systems. Satellites are as essential to military and intelligence operations as fighters, warships, and combat vehicles. Major portions of the global economy rely on space systems; they facilitate ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46193 |
Title
Federal Income Tax Treatment of the Family Under the 2017 Tax Revisions January 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46193 SUMMARY Federal Income Tax Treatment of the Family Under the 2017 Tax Revisions R46193 January 24, 2020 Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in The federal income tax treatment of the family is affected by several major structural Economic ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46194 |
Title
The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) in Social Security: Comparing Current Law with Proposed Proportional Formulas January 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46194 SUMMARY The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) in Social Security: Comparing Current Law with Proposed Proportional Formulas R46194 January 24, 2020 Zhe Li Analyst in Social Policy Social ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10398 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Texas Border Barrier Litigation: Implications for Appropriations Law January 24, 2020 A little-noted rule of appropriations law and an obscure provision of Congress s annual appropriations acts have assumed prominent roles in the Trump Administration s effort to accelerate border-barrier construction using Department of Defense (DOD) funding. In December 2019, Judge David ...
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