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| Date Jan. 24, 2020 |
Report No. IF11068 |
Title
Updated January 24, 2020 U.S. Relations with Burma: Key Issues in 2020 Some Members of Congress have been critical of the Trump Administration s Burma policy, particularly its limited response to atrocities committed by the Burmese military (Tatmadaw), the intensification of the nation s long-standing civil war, and rising concerns about political repression. In December 2018, the 115th Congress ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2020 |
Report No. IF11417 |
Title
January 24, 2020 The U.S. Agency for International Development s New Policies on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Aid Workers Some Members of Congress are concerned about protecting foreign aid recipients from sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by aid workers. In 2018, media reports alleged that Oxfam International (Oxfam), a regular U.S. implementing partner, covered up an investigation into SEA ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2020 |
Report No. RS20792 |
Title
Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY2000-FY2020 Updated January 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20792 SUMMARY Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY2000-FY2020 This report shows in tabular form how much the Administration requested and how much Congress appropriated for U.S. payments to the multilateral development banks ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2020 |
Report No. R46190 |
Title
Petitions for Rulemaking: An Overview January 23, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46190 SUMMARY Petitions for Rulemaking: In Brief The Administrative Procedure Act (APA), enacted in 1946, is known primarily for its procedural requirements for notice-and-comment rulemaking. Those requirements state that when issuing regulations, agencies must generally give ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2020 |
Report No. IN11211 |
Title
INSIGHTi Corruption in Honduras: End of the Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras (MACCIH) January 23, 2020 On January 19, 2020, Honduran President Juan Orlando Hern ndez allowed the mandate of the Organization of American States (OAS)-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras (MACCIH) to expire. The U.S. Congress had ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2020 |
Report No. IF11413 |
Title
January 23, 2020 The Qualified Mortgage (QM) Rule and the QM Patch Background On January 30, 2013, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) released a final rule implementing the ability-to-repay (ATR) requirement of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act; P.L. 111-203). For residential mortgage originations, the Dodd-Frank Act includes in the ATR ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2020 |
Report No. R43291 |
Title
U.S. Trade in Services: Trends and Policy Issues Updated January 22, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43291 U.S. Trade in Services: Trends and Policy Issues Summary Trade in services refers to a wide and growing range of economic activities. These activities include transport, tourism, financial services, use of intellectual property, telecommunications and ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2020 |
Report No. IF11411 |
Title
January 22, 2020 The Legal Framework of the Federal Power Act The Federal Power Act (FPA or the Act) (16 U.S.C. 791 et seq.) is the primary federal statute governing the wholesale transmission and sale of electric power, as well as the regulation of hydroelectric power. The Act is divided into a few discrete Parts. Part I (16 U.S.C. 791-823d), initially enacted in 1920 as the Federal Water Power ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46113 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2020 Updated January 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46113 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2020 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2020 This report provides an overview and analysis of FY2020 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The primary focus of ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46011 |
Title
FY2020 Appropriations for Agricultural Conservation Updated January 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46011 SUMMARY FY2020 Appropriations for Agricultural Conservation The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. The FY2020 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-94, Division B) ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. R46189 |
Title
FDA Regulation of Cannabidiol (CBD) Consumer Products: Overview and Considerations for Congress Agata Dabrowska, Coordinator Analyst in Health Policy Victoria R. Green Analyst in Health Policy Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy Lisa N. Sacco Analyst in Illicit Drugs and Crime Policy January 21, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46189 SUMMARY FDA Regulation of ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10395 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Second Circuit Rules on the Legal Framework for Cigarette Sales Between Indian Reservations January 21, 2020 A November 8, 2019 federal appellate decision likely will have a significant financial effect on how Indian tribal cigarette companies sell cigarettes manufactured on their home reservation to retailers on out-of-state Indian reservations. Prior to this decision, it was ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10396 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Obtaining Witnesses In an Impeachment Trial: Compulsion, Executive Privilege, and the Courts January 21, 2020 The Constitution grants the Senate wide-ranging discretion in the exercise of its sole Power to try all Impeachments. Beyond the requirements that the Constitution expressly sets forth (Senators sitting in an impeachment trial must be under oath; a two-thirds vote is ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10246 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Veterans Benefits and Bankruptcy Updated January 21, 2020 Federal law entitles veterans to certain types of monetary benefits, such as compensation for disabled veterans injured in the line of duty. Recent statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau suggest, however, that many veterans with service-connected disabilities fall below the poverty line. One way that a veteran facing severe ...
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| Date Jan. 21, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10397 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Espinoza v. Montana and the Refusal to Provide Public Funds to Religious Schools January 21, 2020 Can a state refuse to extend public aid to religious schools? The Supreme Court may consider this question in Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue, a case in which oral arguments are scheduled for January 22, 2020. The Montana Supreme Court previously ruled that a state tax credit ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2020 |
Report No. R45474 |
Title
International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 116th Congress Updated January 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45474 SUMMARY International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 116th Congress The U.S. Constitution grants authority to Congress to lay and collect duties and regulate foreign commerce. Congress exercises this authority in ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2020 |
Report No. IN11208 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Signs Phase One Trade Deal with China Updated January 17, 2020 President Trump on January 15, 2020, signed a phase one trade agreement with the Chinese government that is intended to resolve some of the trade and investment issues the Administration raised in March 2018, pursuant to Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act of 1974. Including appendices, the agreement is 96pages and covers ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2020 |
Report No. IF11342 |
Title
Updated January 17, 2020 China s Corporate Social Credit System China s construction of a nationwide social credit system has been identified as a major concern by both the executive branch and some Members of Congress, because of the broad controls such a system is likely to give the Chinese government over U.S. citizens and companies operating in China. Recent reports of Chinese officials ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2020 |
Report No. R46182 |
Title
Social Security and Vulnerable Groups Policy Options to Aid Widows January 16, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46182 SUMMARY Social Security and Vulnerable Groups Policy Options to Aid Widows As Congress actively considers Social Security reform options, one area of interest is Social Security policy levers to aid vulnerable groups widows, low earners, ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2020 |
Report No. R43661 |
Title
The Effectiveness of the Community Reinvestment Act Updated January 16, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43661 The Effectiveness of the Community Reinvestment Act Summary The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA; P.L. 95-128, 12 U.S.C. 2901-2908) addresses how banking institutions meet the credit needs of the areas they serve, particularly in low- and moderate-income ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11210 |
Title
INSIGHTi Possible Use of FY2020 Defense Funds for Border Barrier Construction: Context and Questions January 16, 2020 On January 13, 2020, the Washington Post reported that the Trump Administration plans to reallocate $7.2 billion in Department of Defense (DOD) appropriations to construct barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border. Of this amount, $3.7 billion would reportedly come from deferring ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2020 |
Report No. IN11063 |
Title
INSIGHTi Special Diabetes Programs Expire in FY2020: Policy Considerations and Extension Proposals Updated January 16, 2020 Under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33), Congress amended the Public Health Service Act (PHSA) to create two special diabetes programs. The first the Special Diabetes Program for Type I Diabetes (PHSA 330B; U.S.C. 42 254c-2) provides funding for the National ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2020 |
Report No. IF11386 |
Title
Updated January 16, 2020 Department of Defense Global Health Engagement Since the Spanish-American War, the Department of Defense (DOD) has conducted global health engagement (GHE) to prevent certain infectious diseases from threatening U.S. national security or military operations. Early GHE in partner nations and U.S.-controlled territories included site visits by epidemiological survey teams ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10394 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Trying to Kill An FBI Agent: Sentence Too Low January 16, 2020 The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (Second Circuit) on December 27, 2019, rejected as shockingly low a seventeen-year prison term imposed on a terrorist who attempted to kill an FBI agent. The defendant in United States v. Mumuni faced an eighty-fiveyear term under the Federal Sentencing ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2020 |
Report No. R46180 |
Title
Federal Crop Insurance: Record Prevent Plant (PPL) Acres and Payments in 2019 Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy January 15, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46180 SUMMARY Federal Crop Insurance: Record Prevent Plant (PPL) Acres and Payments in 2019 U.S. agricultural production got off to a late start in 2019 due to prolonged cool, wet springtime conditions ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2020 |
Report No. TE10056 |
Title
Statement of Rena S. Miller Specialist in Financial Economics Before Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, International Development, and Monetary Policy U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on A Persistent and Evolving Threat: An Examination of the Financing of Domestic Terrorism and Extremism January 15, 2020 Congressional Research Service https:// ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2020 |
Report No. IN11112 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Kiddie Tax and Military Survivors Benefits Updated January 15, 2020 Some military families discovered that they owed higher taxes for 2018 and 2019 on distributions from their military survivors benefits than they had in previous years. This change in tax treatment was related to temporary changes to the kiddie tax in the 2017 tax revision (P.L. 115-97). However, Congress enacted ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2020 |
Report No. IF11297 |
Title
Updated January 15, 2020 Bureau of Land Management: FY2020 Appropriations The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages 246 million acres of federal land, nearly all in the West. Under its multiple-use mission, BLM manages lands for diverse purposes, including livestock grazing, energy development, recreation, and preservation. The agency also administers onshore federal energy and mineral resources ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2020 |
Report No. IF11408 |
Title
January 15, 2020 Reforms in Uzbekistan Background Following years of economic and foreign policy isolationism, Uzbekistan s government is currently engaged in a wide-ranging reform effort that is transforming regional dynamics in Central Asia and creating new opportunities for U.S. engagement across a range of sectors. From 1991 to 2016, Uzbekistan was led by President Islam Karimov, a former high ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2020 |
Report No. R43311 |
Title
Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions Updated January 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43311 Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions Summary On May 8, 2018, President Donald Trump signed National Security Presidential Memorandum 11, ceasing U.S. participation in the JCPOA [Joint Comprehensive Plan ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2020 |
Report No. R46179 |
Title
Presidential Pardons: Overview and Selected Legal Issues Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney January 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46179 SUMMARY Presidential Pardons: Overview and Selected Legal Issues R46179 January 14, 2020 Michael A. Foster Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution authorizes the President to grant Reprieves and Legislative Attorney -re- ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2020 |
Report No. IG10017 |
Title
Processing of Adults and Family Units Arriving at the Southern Border Without Valid Documents Updated January 14, 2020 Author Information Ben Harrington Legislative Attorney Hillel R. Smith Legislative Attorney Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10140 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Iran s Central Bank Asks Supreme Court to Consider Whether the Bank s Assets Abroad are Immune from Attachment to Satisfy Terror Judgments Updated January 14, 2020 Update: The Supreme Court on January 13, 2020, granted review and vacated the decision below, remanding to the Second Circuit for reconsideration in light of section 1226 of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2020 |
Report No. IF11323 |
Title
Updated January 14, 2020 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2020 Overview The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has two primary statutory responsibilities: (1) to collect most of the revenue required to fund the federal government agencies and programs, and (2) to enforce taxpayer compliance with federal tax laws and regulations. In FY2018, the agency processed 250.3 million tax and ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2020 |
Report No. IF11407 |
Title
January 14, 2020 Defender 2020-Europe Military Exercise, Historical (REFORGER) Exercises, and U.S. Force Posture in Europe On October 7, 2019, the U.S. Army announced it would conduct the largest U.S.-based exercise of forces deploying to Europe in the past 25 years: Defender 2020-Europe. While some have compared it to annual Cold War-era REFORGER military exercises, the Army suggests that while ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46148 |
Title
U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani: Frequently Asked Questions Clayton Thomas, Coordinator Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs Updated January 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46148 SUMMARY U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani: Frequently Asked Questions The January 2, 2020, U.S. killing in Iraq of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force (IRGC-QF) Commander Qasem Soleimani, ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2020 |
Report No. R45877 |
Title
Kashmir: Background, Recent Developments, and U.S. Policy Updated January 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45877 SUMMARY Kashmir: Background, Recent Developments, and U.S. Policy R45877 January 13, 2020 K. Alan Kronstadt In early August 2019, the Indian government announced that it would make major changes to the Specialist in South Asian Affairs legal ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46023 |
Title
Copyright Act and Communications Act Reforms in 2019 Related to Television Dana A. Scherer Specialist in Telecommunications Policy Updated January 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46023 SUMMARY Copyright Act and Communications Act Reforms in 2019 Related to Television On December 20, 2019, President Donald J. Trump signed the Satellite Television Community Protection and ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10392 |
Title
Legal Sidebari CMS s Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule and Related Legal Challenge January 13, 2020 Addressing the rising cost of health care, including reducing the prices consumers pay for health care services and products, has been an area of interest for Congress and the Trump Administration. One approach is promoting price transparency, which proponents argue could lower costs by ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2020 |
Report No. IF11406 |
Title
January 13, 2020 Iranian Offensive Cyber Attack Capabilities Threat Evolution Iran s use of cyberspace has evolved from an internal means of information control and repression to more aggressive attacks on foreign targets. The regime has been developing its own cybersecurity software and internet architecture in order to protect and insulate its networks, and it has been developing technological ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2020 |
Report No. IF11405 |
Title
January 10, 2020 Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2020 Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation s ocean energy resources, which cover approximately 1.7 billion acres on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development; the Bureau of ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2020 |
Report No. IF11392 |
Title
Updated January 10, 2020 H.R. 1865 and the Look-Through Treatment of Payments Between Related Controlled Foreign Corporations The House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1865, the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, extended certain expiring provisions, including a number that were last extended through 2019 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113). This ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10393 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Appeals Court Says First Amendment Limits Regulation of Online Political Advertising: Implications for Congress January 10, 2020 The proliferation of online political advertising has sparked a national conversation about its perceived harms. Some have argued that online political ads are more likely than their offline counterparts to include false claims and facilitate foreign ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2020 |
Report No. IF11174 |
Title
Updated January 10, 2020 The SECURE Act and the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act Tax Proposals (H.R. 1994 and S. 972) Both the House and the Senate have considered legislation that addresses issues associated with tax-favored retirement plans. On May 23, the House passed the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act of 2019, H.R. 1994. Chairman Grassley and Ranking ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10390 |
Title
Legal Sidebari When Does the Clock Start Ticking? Considerations When Drafting Statutes of Limitations January 9, 2020 Many federal laws contain statutes of limitations that bar plaintiffs from filing civil lawsuits after a specified time period. 15 U.S.C. 15b, for example, provides that certain civil antitrust lawsuits shall be forever barred unless commenced within four years after the cause of ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2020 |
Report No. R46077 |
Title
Potential Effect of FCC Rules on State and Local Video Franchising Authorities Dana A. Scherer Specialist in Telecommunications Policy Updated January 9, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46077 SUMMARY Potential Effect of FCC Rules on State and Local Video Franchising Authorities Local and state governments have traditionally played an important role in regulating cable ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2020 |
Report No. IF11403 |
Title
January 9, 2020 The 2019-2020 Iran Crisis and U.S. Military Deployments The January 2, 2020, U.S. drone strike against Iranian Major General Qasem Soleimani, the subsequent Iranian counter-strike on bases hosting U.S. personnel in Iraq, and recent deployments of U.S. military forces to the Middle East have prompted widespread concerns about whether the United States is preparing to engage in ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2020 |
Report No. IF10938 |
Title
Updated January 9, 2020 Iran s Ballistic Missile and Space Launch Programs Overview On January 7, 2020, Iran launched 16 short-range ballistic missiles that were fired from three different locations inside the country and hit various targets on two Iraqi military installations housing U.S. troops Al Asad Air Base and an air base near Erbil in Northern Iraq. Experts argue that the attack served as ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2020 |
Report No. IF11185 |
Title
Updated January 9, 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): FY2020 Budget Request and Appropriations The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA s) mission is to understand and predict changes in weather, climate, oceans, and coasts; to share that information with others; and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and resources. NOAA s work is ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2020 |
Report No. IF11401 |
Title
January 8, 2020 FY2020 Military Construction Appropriations: An Overview of P.L. 116-94 (Division F) On December 20, 2019, President Donald Trump signed the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865; P.L. 116-94) a package of multiple appropriations acts known as a minibus which included the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2020 ( ...
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