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Date Report No. Title
Date Oct. 25, 2019 Report No. IF11344 Title

The Changing Landscape of Immigrant Investment Programs

October 25, 2019 The Changing Landscape of Immigrant Investment Programs Immigrant investment programs (IIPs), also known as golden visas, golden passports, and citizenship-or residency-by-investment (CBI, RBI) programs, among other names, are distinct from other immigration channels such as family ties or employer sponsorship in that the applicant is required to make a financial contribution for ...

Date Oct. 24, 2019 Report No. R45982 Title

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2020 (P.L. 116-59)

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2020 (P.L. 116-59) James V. Saturno Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Kate P. McClanahan Analyst on the Appropriations Process October 24, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45982 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2020 (P.L. 116-59) This report provides an analysis of the continuing appropriations ...

Date Oct. 24, 2019 Report No. R45979 Title

Financial Inclusion and Credit Access Policy Issues

Financial Inclusion and Credit Access Policy Issues Updated October 24, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45979 SUMMARY Financial Inclusion and Credit Access Policy Issues Access to basic financial products and services is generally considered foundational for households to manage their financial affairs, improve their financial well-being, and graduate to wealth ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. R41859 Title

Unemployment Insurance: Consequences of Changes in State Unemployment Compensation Laws

Unemployment Insurance: Consequences of Changes in State Unemployment Compensation Laws Updated October 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41859 UI: Consequences of Changes in State Unemployment Compensation Laws Summary This report analyzes recent changes to state Unemployment Compensation (UC) programs. Two categories of UC state law issues are considered: ( ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. IF11340 Title

FY2020 Defense Appropriations: Selected Issues Raised by H.R. 2740 (Div. C) and S. 2474

October 23, 2019 FY2020 Defense Appropriations: Selected Issues Raised by H.R. 2740 (Div. C) and S. 2474 House and Senate negotiators trying to draft a compromise version of the FY2020 Defense Appropriations Act likely will have to deal with elements of the House-passed bill (H.R. 2740, Division C) that challenge some of the Trump Administration s signature policies. Among these are provisions to ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. IN11185 Title

Turkey Sanctions in Pending Legislation: Issues for Congress

INSIGHTi Turkey Sanctions in Pending Legislation: Issues for Congress Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Clayton Thomas Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs October 23, 2019 Congress is actively considering a variety of bills that could impose sanctions on Turkey. The pending legislation is largely in response to a Turkish-led incursion into Syria (which Turkey calls Operation Peace ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. IN11186 Title

U.S. Women's Soccer Team and Equal Pay

INSIGHTi U.S. Women s Soccer Team and Equal Pay L. Elaine Halchin Specialist in American National Government October 23, 2019 U.S. Women s National Team s (USWNT) efforts to obtain pay equal to the pay provided to the U.S. Men s National Team (USMNT) by the U.S. Soccer Federation rose to prominence during the team s successful quest for the Women s World Cup 2019, the team s fourth such title ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. IF11248 Title

Hong Kong's Proposed Extradition Law Amendments

Updated October 23, 2019 Hong Kong s Proposed Extradition Law Amendments Two proposed changes to Hong Kong s extradition law have sparked over two months of massive demonstrations across the city. If they had been adopted, the changes could make anyone including U.S. citizens residing in, visiting, or transiting the Hong Kong Special Administrative District (HKSAR) vulnerable to investigation by ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. LSB10356 Title

Piracy, Old and New: Copyright, State Sovereignty, and the Queen Anne's Revenge

Legal Sidebari Piracy, Old and New: Copyright, State Sovereignty, and the Queen Anne s Revenge October 23, 2019 If a state reproduces a copyrighted work without permission, can it be sued for copyright infringement? In 1990, Congress expressed its view that the answer to this question should be yes by enacting the Copyright Remedy Clarification Act (CRCA). The CRCA, which is directed at remedying ...

Date Oct. 23, 2019 Report No. IF11339 Title

Waters of the United States (WOTUS): Repealing and Revising the 2015 Clean Water Rule

October 23, 2019 Waters of the United States (WOTUS): Repealing and Revising the 2015 Clean Water Rule Background: What Is WOTUS? Congress passed the Clean Water Act (CWA) to restore and protect the quality of the nation s surface waters (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). The statute protects navigable waters, which it defines as the waters of the United States, including the territorial seas. The CWA does ...

Date Oct. 22, 2019 Report No. R45978 Title

The Outdoor Recreation Economy

The Outdoor Recreation Economy Anne A. Riddle Analyst in Natural Resources Policy October 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45978 SUMMARY The Outdoor Recreation Economy Congress plays an overarching role in shaping outdoor recreation throughout the nation through legislation and oversight. As Congress continues to debate outdoor recreation issues including provision of ...

Date Oct. 22, 2019 Report No. IF11341 Title

Could the Global Legal Entity Identifier Be Useful for Financial Transparency Legislation in the 116th Congress?

October 22, 2019 Could the Global Legal Entity Identifier Be Useful for Financial Transparency Legislation in the 116th Congress? Overview The 116th Congress is examining legislation related to financial transparency. This has come in the form of bills H.R. 2513, S. 2563, S. 1978, or S. 1889 that would mandate greater disclosures of the natural persons or beneficial owners who benefit from or ...

Date Oct. 21, 2019 Report No. R41313 Title

The District of Columbia Tuition Assistance Grant (DCTAG) Program

The District of Columbia Tuition Assistance Grant (DCTAG) Program Updated October 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41313 The District of Columbia Tuition Assistance Grant (DCTAG) Program Summary To address concerns about the public postsecondary education offerings available to District of Columbia residents, the District of Columbia College Access Act of ...

Date Oct. 21, 2019 Report No. R45976 Title

Deficit Financing, the Debt, and "Modern Monetary Theory"

Deficit Financing, the Debt, and Modern Monetary Theory Grant A. Driessen Analyst in Public Finance Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy October 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45976 SUMMARY Deficit Financing, the Debt, and Modern Monetary Theory Explaining persistently low interest rates despite large deficits and rising debt has been one of the ...

Date Oct. 21, 2019 Report No. R44601 Title

House and Senate Restaurants: Current Operations and Issues for Congress

House and Senate Restaurants: Current Operations and Issues for Congress Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in American National Government Updated October 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44601 House and Senate Restaurants: Current Operations and Issues for Congress Summary Dining facilities in the Capitol and in House and Senate office buildings provide an essential convenience ...

Date Oct. 21, 2019 Report No. IN11183 Title

Libra: A Facebook-led Cryptocurrency Initiative

INSIGHTi Libra: A Facebook-led Cryptocurrency Initiative Rebecca M. Nelson Specialist in International Trade and Finance David W. Perkins Specialist in Marcoeconomic Policy October 21, 2019 On June 18, 2019, Facebook announced that, with 28 other members, it had founded the Libra Association, which planned to launch a new cryptocurrency, called Libra. The association released a white paper that ...

Date Oct. 21, 2019 Report No. INCURSION-QUESTIONS Title

Turkey's Incursion into Northeastern Syria: Possible Questions

MEMORANDUM October 21, 2019 Subject: Turkey s Incursion into Northeastern Syria: Possible Questions From: Clayton Thomas, Coordinator, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 Shayerah Ilias Akhtar, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, siliasakhtar@crs.loc.gov, 7-9253 Paul Belkin, Analyst in European Affairs, pbelkin@crs.loc.gov, 7-0220 Christopher M. Blanchard, ...

Date Oct. 21, 2019 Report No. M20191021 Title

Turkey's Incursion into Northeastern Syria: Possible Questions

MEMORANDUM October 21, 2019 Subject: Turkey s Incursion into Northeastern Syria: Possible Questions From: Clayton Thomas, Coordinator, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 Shayerah Ilias Akhtar, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, siliasakhtar@crs.loc.gov, 7-9253 Paul Belkin, Analyst in European Affairs, pbelkin@crs.loc.gov, 7-0220 Christopher M. Blanchard, ...

Date Oct. 18, 2019 Report No. RL33362 Title

Unemployment Insurance: Programs and Benefits

Unemployment Insurance: Programs and Benefits Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security Katelin P. Isaacs Specialist in Income Security October 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL33362 Unemployment Insurance: Programs and Benefits Summary Certain benefits may be available to unemployed workers to provide them with income support during a spell of unemployment. The ...

Date Oct. 18, 2019 Report No. R45975 Title

Global Vaccination: Trends and U.S. Role

Global Vaccination: Trends and U.S. Role Sara M. Tharakan Analyst in Global Health and International Development October 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45975 SUMMARY Global Vaccination: Trends and U.S. Role For more than 50 years, the United States has taken an interest in the eradication of vaccinepreventable diseases (VPDs) in children worldwide, as well as vaccine ...

Date Oct. 18, 2019 Report No. IF11337 Title

Trafficking in Persons: Child Protection Compacts

October 18, 2019 Trafficking in Persons: Child Protection Compacts Introduction Child Protection Compacts (CPCs) are bilateral, multiyear foreign assistance packages designed to combat child trafficking. Authorized by Congress in 2013, CPCs are one of several international anti-trafficking programs administered by the U.S. Department of State s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ( ...

Date Oct. 17, 2019 Report No. R45970 Title

Gun Control: National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Operations and Related Legislation

Gun Control: National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Operations and Related Legislation October 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45970 SUMMARY Gun Control: National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Operations and Related Legislation R45970 October 17, 2019 William J. Krouse Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy The ...

Date Oct. 17, 2019 Report No. LSB10354 Title

Drug Testing Unemployment Compensation Applicants & the Fourth Amendment

Legal Sidebari Drug Testing Unemployment Compensation Applicants & the Fourth Amendment October 17, 2019 On October 4, 2019, the Department of Labor (DOL) published final regulations to guide states on how to design and implement drug testing programs in accordance with Section 303 of the Social Security Act. Congress amended Section 303 in 2012 to clarify that nothing in federal law prevents ...

Date Oct. 17, 2019 Report No. TE10040 Title

The Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Statement of Phillip Brown Specialist in Energy Policy Before Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. Senate Hearing on The Strategic Petroleum Reserve October 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10040 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Murkowski, Ranking Member Manchin, Members of the Committee, good morning. CRS appreciates the opportunity to ...

Date Oct. 17, 2019 Report No. IF11335 Title

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit: Policy Issues

October 17, 2019 The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit: Policy Issues The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) program is the federal government s primary policy tool for the development of affordable rental housing. The program awards developers federal tax credits to offset the cost of producing affordable rental housing for low-income tenants. The program, which was created by the Tax Reform Act ...

Date Oct. 17, 2019 Report No. LSB10355 Title

Can Mass Shooting Victims Sue the United States?

Legal Sidebari Can Mass Shooting Victims Sue the United States? October 17, 2019 Several weeks after the police arrested Dylann Roof for unlawfully possessing a controlled substance, Roof tried to buy a semiautomatic handgun. Under existing law, this previous arrest should have disqualified Roof from obtaining that weapon. However, the FBI by its own admission committed oversights while performing ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. R45967 Title

Expired and Expiring Tax Provisions ("Tax Extenders"): CRS Resources

Expired and Expiring Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ): CRS Resources October 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45967 Expired and Expiring Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ): CRS Resources ome Members of Congress have expressed interest in extending temporary tax provisions that expired at the end of 2017 and 2018, and possibly extending provisions scheduled to ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. TE10041 Title

The House Calendar and Schedule: Evaluating Practices and Challenges

Statement of Ida A. Brudnick Specialist on the Congress Before Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on The House Calendar and Schedule: Evaluating Practices and Challenges October 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10041 Congressional Research Service 1 hairman Kilmer, Vice-Chairman Graves, and members of the ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. TE10042 Title

Protecting America: The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program

Statement of Baird Webel Specialist in Financial Economics Before Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing, Community Development, and Insurance Subcommittee on National Security, International Development, and Monetary Policy U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Protecting America: The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program October 16, 2019 Congressional ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. RS20668 Title

How Measures Are Brought to the Senate Floor: A Brief Introduction

How Measures Are Brought to the Senate Floor: A Brief Introduction Updated October 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20668 How Measures Are Brought to the Senate Floor: A Brief Introduction Summary Two basic methods are used by the Senate to bring legislation to the floor for consideration: (1) The Senate, at the majority leader s request, grants unanimous ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. RS22309 Title

Senate Rule XIV Procedure for Placing Measures Directly on the Senate Calendar

Senate Rule XIV Procedure for Placing Measures Directly on the Senate Calendar Updated October 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22309 Senate Rule XIV Procedure for Placing Measures Directly on the Senate Calendar Summary When a Senator introduces a bill or joint resolution, or a House-passed bill or joint resolution is received in the Senate from the House, ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. IN11182 Title

DNS over HTTPS--What Is It and Why Do People Care?

INSIGHTi DNS over HTTPS What Is It and Why Do People Care? October 16, 2019 Internet pioneer David Clark said: It s not that we didn t think about security. We knew that there were untrustworthy people out there, and we thought we could exclude them. Those who created the internet were focused on enabling the utility of the network, and a repercussion of their design decisions is that internet ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. RL31880 Title

Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director

Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director Updated October 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31880 Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure Summary The requirements regarding the appointment and tenure of the CBO director are set forth in Section 201(a) of the 1974 Congressional Budget Act, as amended, ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. 98-825 Title

"Sense of" Resolutions and Provisions

Sense of Resolutions and Provisions Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated October 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov 98-825 Sense of Resolutions and Provisions One or both houses of Congress may formally express opinions about subjects of current national interest through freestanding simple or concurrent resolutions (called ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. INCURSION Title

Syria: Turkish Incursion and Conflict Status

MEMORANDUM October 16, 2019 Subject: Syria: Turkish Incursion and Conflict Status From: Carla E. Humud, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, chumud@crs.loc.gov, 7-7314 Christopher M. Blanchard, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 7-0428 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jzanotti ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. IN11181 Title

Public Transit Ridership Continues to Decline

INSIGHTi Public Transit Ridership Continues to Decline William J. Mallett Specialist in Transportation Policy October 16, 2019 Despite suggestions that ridership on the nation s public transportation systems is beginning to grow again, available evidence suggests this optimism is premature. According to data from the American Public Transportation Association (APTA), 2018 marked the fourth ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. IN11180 Title

Kosovo's Election: Early Results May Signal Major Changes

INSIGHTi Kosovo s Election: Early Results May Signal Major Changes Sarah E. Garding Analyst in Balkan and Southeast Europe Affairs October 16, 2019 On October 6, 2019, Kosovo held its fourth parliamentary election since declaring independence from Serbia in 2008 (Serbia does not recognize Kosovo s independence). Opposition parties strong performance may result in the most consequential government ...

Date Oct. 16, 2019 Report No. M20191016 Title

Syria: Turkish Incursion and Conflict Status

MEMORANDUM October 16, 2019 Subject: Syria: Turkish Incursion and Conflict Status From: Carla E. Humud, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, chumud@crs.loc.gov, 7-7314 Christopher M. Blanchard, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 7-0428 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jzanotti ...

Date Oct. 15, 2019 Report No. R45973 Title

The Diversity Immigrant Visa Program

The Diversity Immigrant Visa Program October 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45973 Diversity Immigrant Visa Lottery Issues Summary The purpose of the diversity immigrant visa program (DV program, sometimes called the green card lottery or the visa lottery ) is, as the name suggests, to foster legal immigration from countries other than the major sending ...

Date Oct. 15, 2019 Report No. RL34138 Title

Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases

Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases Updated October 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34138 Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases Summary Restitution endeavors to restore victims to the place where they stood when they became victims of crime. It seeks to make them whole and no more. In the case of a corporate or affluent defendant, victim restitution can ...

Date Oct. 15, 2019 Report No. RS22708 Title

Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases: A Sketch

Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases: A Sketch Updated October 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22708 SUMMARY Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases: A Sketch Restitution endeavors to restore victims to the place where they stood when they became victims of crime. It seeks to make them whole and no more. In the case of a corporate or affluent defendant, ...

Date Oct. 15, 2019 Report No. IN10996 Title

Reissued Labor Department Rule Tests Congressional Review Act Ban on Promulgating "Substantially the Same" Rules

INSIGHTi Reissued Labor Department Rule Tests Congressional Review Act Ban on Promulgating Substantially the Same Rules Maeve P. Carey Specialist in Government Organization and Management Updated October 15, 2019 On October 4, 2019, the Department of Labor (DOL) published a final rule in the Federal Register on the states ability to drug test certain unemployment compensation (UC) applicants. The ...

Date Oct. 15, 2019 Report No. IF11332 Title

FY2020 Mandatory Sequester Reduces Medicare $15.3 Billion, Other Mandatory Spending $5.39 Billion

October 15, 2019 FY2020 Mandatory Sequester Reduces Medicare $15.3 Billion, Other Mandatory Spending $4.55 Billion On October 1, 2019, the first day of FY2020, the FY2020 mandatory sequester order became effective. Sequestration is a budgetary mechanism that requires automatic cancellation of budgetary authority the legal authority Congress grants agencies to enter into financial obligations. was ...

Date Oct. 11, 2019 Report No. R45957 Title

Capital Markets: Asset Management and Related Policy Issues

Capital Markets: Asset Management and Related Policy Issues October 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45957 Capital Markets: Asset Management and Related Policy Issues Capital Markets: Asset Management and Related Policy Issues R45957 October 11, 2019 Eva Su Analyst in Financial The asset management industry is large and complex. Asset management companies ...

Date Oct. 11, 2019 Report No. R45722 Title

Overtime Exemptions in the Fair Labor Standards Act for White-Collar Employees: Frequently Asked Questions

Overtime Exemptions in the Fair Labor Standards Act for White-Collar Employees: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45722 SUMMARY Overtime Exemptions in the Fair Labor Standards Act for White-Collar Employees: Frequently Asked Questions R45722 October 11, 2019 David H. Bradley Specialist in Labor Economics The Fair ...

Date Oct. 11, 2019 Report No. IN11140 Title

CFPB Proposes New Debt Collection Regulation

INSIGHTi CFPB Proposes New Debt Collection Regulation Updated October 11, 2019 On May 21, 2019, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (CFPB) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to implement the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA; 15 U.S.C. 1692). Congress passed the FDCPA in 1977 to eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors. The CFPB s proposal would clarify ...

Date Oct. 11, 2019 Report No. IN11179 Title

Turkish Incursion into Syria: U.S. Policy Implications

INSIGHTi Turkish Incursion into Syria: U.S. Policy Implications October 11, 2019 On October 9, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced the start of Operation Peace Spring, which he stated would target both Kurdish and Islamic State (IS, aka ISIL/ISIS) fighters in northern Syria. Turkey then launched an air and ground assault against Kurdish forces. Turkey s foreign minister has stated ...

Date Oct. 11, 2019 Report No. R42487 Title

The Congressional Arts Caucus and the Congressional Art Competition: History and Current Practice

The Congressional Arts Caucus and the Congressional Art Competition: History and Current Practice Updated October 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42487 The Congressional Arts Caucus and the Congressional Art Competition Summary Sponsored by the Congressional Arts Caucus, and known in recent years as An Artistic Discovery, the Congressional Art Competition ...

Date Oct. 11, 2019 Report No. LSB10352 Title

Supreme Court Considers Sex Discrimination Claims by Gay and Transgender Workers

Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Considers Sex Discrimination Claims by Gay and Transgender Workers October 11, 2019 On October 8, 2019, the Supreme Court heard oral argument in Altitude Express, Inc. v. Zarda, Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia, and R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes, Inc. (Harris Homes) v. EEOC, a trio of cases in which the Court is considering for the first time whether the ...

Date Oct. 10, 2019 Report No. R45952 Title

U.S. Offshore Aquaculture Regulation and Development

U.S. Offshore Aquaculture Regulation and Development October 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45952 SUMMARY U.S. Offshore Aquaculture Regulation and Development R45952 October 10, 2019 Harold F. Upton Regulatory uncertainty has been identified as one of the main barriers to offshore aquaculture Analyst in Natural Resources Policy development in the United ...