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| Date Sept. 13, 2019 |
Report No. R45903 |
Title
Retaliatory Tariffs and U.S. Agriculture Updated September 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45903 SUMMARY Retaliatory Tariffs and U.S. Agriculture R45903 September 13, 2019 Certain foreign nations have targeted U.S. food and agricultural products with retaliatory tariffs since early 2018 in response to U.S. Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2019 |
Report No. RL34348 |
Title
Holocaust-Era Insurance Claims: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34348 Holocaust-Era Insurance Claims: Background and Proposed Legislation Summary In November 1998, U.S. insurance regulators, six European insurers, international Jewish organizations, and the State of Israel agreed to establish the ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10337 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Asylum Bar for Migrants Who Reach the Southern Border through Third Countries: Issues and Ongoing Litigation Updated September 13, 2019 Update (September 13, 2019): The Supreme Court granted the Trump Administration a stay on September 11, 2019, that allows the Administration to implement the interim final rule (IFR) without restriction while litigation concerning the legality of ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11309 |
Title
September 13, 2019 Department of Defense Outleasing and Enhanced Use Leases Pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 2667, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the Military Departments are authorized to lease-out (otherwise outlease) department-owned nonexcess real or personal property (commonly called outlease authority). According to 40 U.S.C. 102(3), excess property is defined as property under the ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2019 |
Report No. R45817 |
Title
Mozambique: Politics, Economy, and U.S. Relations Updated September 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45817 SUMMARY Mozambique: Politics, Economy, and U.S. Relations R45817 September 12, 2019 Nicolas Cook Mozambique, a significant recipient of U.S. development assistance, is a southeastern African Specialist in African Affairs country nearly twice the size of ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2019 |
Report No. R45911 |
Title
Household Debt Among Older Americans, 1989-2016 Zhe Li Analyst in Social Policy September 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45911 SUMMARY Household Debt Among Older Americans, 1989-2016 In the past three decades, debt has grown substantially among older Americans. The increase in debt among older Americans has raised concerns about financial security for people near or ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10309 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Regulating Big Tech: Legal Implications Updated September 11, 2019 This Sidebar will be regularly updated to include additional CRS products in the list at the end. Amidst growing debate over the legal framework governing social media sites and other technology companies, several Members of Congress have expressed interest in expanding current regulations of the major American ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2019 |
Report No. R45910 |
Title
Antitrust and Big Tech September 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45910 SUMMARY Antitrust and Big Tech Over the past decade, Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple ( Big Tech or the Big Four ) have revolutionized the internet economy and affected the daily lives of billions of people worldwide. While these companies are responsible for momentous technological ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2019 |
Report No. R45906 |
Title
Congressional Action on FY2019 Appropriations Measures: 115th and 116th Congresses September 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45906 SUMMARY Congressional Action on FY2019 Appropriations Measures: 115th and 116th Congresses Congress annually considers 12 regular appropriations measures to provide discretionary funding for federal government activities and ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2019 |
Report No. R45040 |
Title
Immigration: Nonimmigrant (Temporary) Admissions to the United States Updated September 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45040 Immigration: Nonimmigrant (Temporary) Admissions to the United States Summary U.S. law provides for the temporary admission of foreign nationals. Nonimmigrants are foreign nationals who are admitted for a designated period of time ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2019 |
Report No. IN11165 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hong Kong Chief Executive Lam to Withdraw Extradition Bill; Protests Continue Michael F. Martin Specialist in Asian Affairs September 10, 2019 Hong Kong s Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor announced on September 4, 2019, that she will formally withdraw the controversial extradition bill that touched off three months of large-scale protests across the city. While acknowledging Lam ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF11307 |
Title
September 10, 2019 Climate-Related Risk Disclosure Under U.S. Securities Laws In light of public concern over climate change, some stakeholders have asked to what extent publicly traded companies should disclose their climate-related risks. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires publicly traded companies to disclose financial statements and certain other relevant business ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11164 |
Title
INSIGHTi Suicide Rates and Risk Factors for the National Guard September 9, 2019 In the past decade, federal and state governments have made a sustained effort to improve suicide prevention and response for the Armed Forces through funding, oversight, and legislation to enhance mental health and resiliency programs. The Department of Defense s Suicide Prevention Office (DSPO) has reported that ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2019 |
Report No. RL30232 |
Title
Systemic Risk And The Long-Term Capital Management Rescue September 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30232 Systemic Risk And The Long-Term Capital Management Rescue ABSTRACT Systemic risk is generally defined as the possibility that a financial problem in one firm or market may spread by contagion to others, and that, if panic spreads far enough, general ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IF11067 |
Title
Updated September 9, 2019 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FY2019 Appropriations Enacted February 15, 2019, Division E of P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2019, provided funding for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, including a total of $8.85 billion for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Titles II and IV combined. After ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2019 |
Report No. R44519 |
Title
Overseas Contingency Operations Funding: Background and Status Updated September 6, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44519 SUMMARY Overseas Contingency Operations Funding: Background and Status Congressional interest in Overseas Contingency Operation (OCO) funding has continued as Members debate ways of funding priorities without breaching discretionary spending ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11160 |
Title
Hurricane Dorian: FEMA and Additional Storm-Related Resources Shawn Reese, Coordinator Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy Eva Lipiec Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Diane P. Horn Analyst in Flood Insurance and Emergency Management Updated September 6, 2019 Introduction On September 6, Hurricane Dorian made landfall as a category 1 storm at Cape Hatteras, North ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IF11153 |
Title
Updated September 6, 2019 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2020 President s Budget Request Since FY2006, Congress has funded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bills. Including amendments submitted to Congress May 13, 2019, for FY2020 the President requested $6.22 billion for EPA. The request ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10346 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Reviewing Recently Enacted State Abortion Laws and Resulting Litigation September 6, 2019 Since the start of 2019, at least 11 states have enacted new laws regulating abortions based on a fetus s gestational age, the detection of a fetal heartbeat, or specified fetal characteristics, such as a diagnosis of Down syndrome. Some of these states have also imposed restrictions on the ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IF11305 |
Title
September 6, 2019 Why Subsidize Homeownership? A Review of the Rationales Homeownership is frequently argued to produce a number of benefits for individuals and society. As a result, subsidies for homeownership tens of billions of dollars annually are popular among policymakers and the general public. This In Focus reviews three main rationales for subsidizing homeownership and discusses the ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11163 |
Title
INSIGHTi New U.S. Sanctions on Venezuela September 5, 2019 In August 2019, the Trump Administration expanded Venezuela-related sanctions by blocking all assets and interests of the Nicol s Maduro government in the United States. It also authorized sanctions against those who materially support the Maduro government or others already designated for sanctions, with exemptions for humanitarian aid. ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10345 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Appeals Court Clears Most Roadblocks to Credit Union Expansion Regulations September 5, 2019 On August 16, 2019, a unanimous three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) upheld National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) regulations expanding the ability of community credit unions to draw members from wider geographic areas than ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2019 |
Report No. RL30567 |
Title
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Updated September 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30567 Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Summary This report briefly describes current responsibilities and selection mechanisms for 15 House and Senate party leadership posts and provides tables with historical data, including ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF11304 |
Title
September 4, 2019 China s Engagement in Djibouti Overview Djibouti is pursuing an ambitious agenda to transform itself into a commercial trade hub for the Horn of Africa region. This effort is being financed largely by the People s Republic of China (PRC), which is playing a growing role in the tiny country. China s engagement is multi-faceted, ranging from major infrastructure investments to the ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2019 |
Report No. R45898 |
Title
U.S.-China Relations Susan V. Lawrence, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Caitlin Campbell Analyst in Asian Affairs Rachel F. Fefer Analyst in International Trade and Finance Jane A. Leggett Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs Michael F. Martin Specialist in Asian Affairs Andres B. Schwarzenberg Analyst in International Trade and Finance ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2019 |
Report No. R43056 |
Title
Counting Regulations: An Overview of Rulemaking, Types of Federal Regulations, and Pages in the Federal Register Maeve P. Carey Specialist in Government Organization and Management Updated September 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43056 Counting Regulations Summary Federal rulemaking is an important mechanism through which the federal government implements policy. ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2019 |
Report No. R45899 |
Title
Recent Recommendations by the Judicial Conference for New U.S. Circuit and District Court Judgeships: Overview and Analysis September 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45899 SUMMARY Recent Recommendations by the Judicial Conference for New U.S. Circuit and District Court Judgeships: Overview and Analysis R45899 September 3, 2019 Barry J. McMillion Analyst in ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2019 |
Report No. IF11301 |
Title
September 3, 2019 The Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) The Republic of Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville (after its capital), is an oil-rich former French colony in central Africa. It has extensive natural resources, but poor governance and civil conflict have long hindered poverty alleviation and development. Heavily reliant on oil exports, the country is struggling to emerge from an ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2019 |
Report No. IF11300 |
Title
September 3, 2019 Surface Transportation Reauthorization and the America s Transportation Infrastructure Act (S. 2302) Surface transportation programs are currently authorized through FY2020 by the Fixing America s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act; P.L. 114-94). In a step toward FAST Act reauthorization, the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee (EPW) on August 1, 2019, reported the ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2019 |
Report No. IF11299 |
Title
September 3, 2019 Climate Change and the America s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019 (S. 2302) Highway, public transportation, and rail programs are authorized through FY2020 by the Fixing America s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act (P.L. 114-94). In August 2019, the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works reported a bill that would reauthorize the highway elements of surface ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2019 |
Report No. RL30197 |
Title
State Department and Related Agencies FY2000 Appropriations August 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30197 State Department and Related Agencies FY2000 Appropriations State Department and Related Agencies FY2000 Appropriations RL30197 August 30, 2019 Crystal D. Maitland On February 1, 1999 the President submitted his FY2000 budget request which, after being ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2019 |
Report No. IN11161 |
Title
INSIGHTi Greenland, Denmark, and U.S. Relations Kristin Archick Specialist in European Affairs August 30, 2019 In August 2019, President Trump expressed interest in purchasing Greenland a self-governing part of the Kingdom of Denmark due to the island s strategic location in the Arctic and its increasingly accessible natural resources. After Greenlandic and Danish officials asserted that Greenland ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2019 |
Report No. IF10761 |
Title
Updated August 30, 2019 The International Joint Commission (IJC) The International Joint Commission (IJC) was established under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Canada. The treaty directs the IJC to aid in the resolution and prevention of disputes concerning the waters that cross (transboundary) or form (boundary) the international border between the two countries, ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2019 |
Report No. R44624 |
Title
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Funding: A Primer Kyrie E. Dragoo Analyst in Education Policy Updated August 29, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44624 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Funding: A Primer Summary Since the enactment of P.L. 94-142, the predecessor legislation to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2019 |
Report No. R40882 |
Title
Flooding Events: CRS Experts Updated August 29, 2019 (R40882) The following table provides the names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to flooding events in the United States. Policy areas identified include impacts, response and recovery, mitigation, and federal financing. Legislative Issues Impacts Displaced residents Drinking water Wastewater treatment Water ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R45890 |
Title
Wild and Scenic Rivers: Designation, Management, and Funding August 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45890 SUMMARY Wild and Scenic Rivers: Designation, Management, and Funding R45890 August 28, 2019 Anne A. Riddle Congress established the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System (NWSRS) in 1968 through the Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Wild and Scenic ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2019 |
Report No. R42353 |
Title
Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs Updated August 27, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42353 Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs Summary Over the years, Congress has authorized and the federal government has administered programs to provide food to the hungry and to other vulnerable populations in this country. This report offers a brief ...
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| Date Aug. 26, 2019 |
Report No. R45827 |
Title
State and Local Financing of Public Schools Updated August 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45827 SUMMARY State and Local Financing of Public Schools R45827 August 26, 2019 The funding of public elementary and secondary schools in the United States involves a combination of local, state, and federal government revenues, in proportions that vary Rebecca R. ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2019 |
Report No. R45884 |
Title
Supreme Court October Term 2018: A Review of Selected Major Rulings August 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45884 SUMMARY Supreme Court October Term 2018: A Review of Selected Major Rulings The Supreme Court term that began on October 1, 2018, was a term of transition, with the Court issuing a number of rulings that, at times, suggested but did not fully ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2019 |
Report No. RL34616 |
Title
Missing Adults: Background, Federal Programs, and Issues for Congress Updated August 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34616 Missing Adults: Background, Federal Programs, and Issues for Congress Summary Adults may go missing due to personal choice, an abduction, foul play, a mental or physical disability, or a natural catastrophe, among other reasons. No ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2019 |
Report No. IN11156 |
Title
INSIGHTi Administration of the Emergency Food and Shelter Program (EFSP) Funding Authorized Under the FY2019 Border Supplemental Updated August 23, 2019 This Insight provides a brief overview of the Emergency Food and Shelter Program (EFSP), and funding provided for it through the FY2019 Border Supplemental. General EFSP Administration The EFSP provides grants to private nonprofit organizations ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2019 |
Report No. IN11159 |
Title
INSIGHTi Payroll Tax Cuts as Economic Stimulus: Past Experience and Economic Considerations August 23, 2019 A range of fiscal and monetary policy tools have been used in the past to respond to weak economic conditions and recessions. One of those policy tools, enacted as economic stimulus in December 2010, was a temporary employee payroll tax cut. On August 20, 2019, President Trump expressed ...
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| Date Aug. 22, 2019 |
Report No. R41907 |
Title
A Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Background and Congressional Options Updated August 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41907 A Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Background and Congressional Options Summary One of the most persistent political issues facing Congress in recent decades is whether to require that the budget of the United States ...
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| Date Aug. 22, 2019 |
Report No. IN11158 |
Title
INSIGHTi Norwegian Air International and Low-Cost Long-Haul Flights Rachel Y. Tang Analyst in Transportation and Industry August 22, 2019 Legislation introduced in the House of Representatives in July 2019 would prohibit the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) from allowing a foreign airline to serve the United States if it is established in a country other than the home country of its ...
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| Date Aug. 21, 2019 |
Report No. R45879 |
Title
International Food Assistance: Food for Peace Nonemergency Programs Emily M. Morgenstern Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy August 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45879 SUMMARY International Food Assistance: Food for Peace Nonemergency Programs The U.S. government provides international food assistance to promote global food security, alleviate hunger, and ...
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| Date Aug. 21, 2019 |
Report No. IN11157 |
Title
INSIGHTi Global Trade Imbalances: Overview and Issues James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance August 21, 2019 On July 17, 2019, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) published its annual report on global trade that identifies countries with excessive current account balances both surpluses and deficits and exchange rates that are misaligned. The current account is a broad ...
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| Date Aug. 21, 2019 |
Report No. IN11098 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Yield Curve and Predicting Recessions Mark P. Keightley Specialist in Economics Marc Labonte Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy Updated August 21, 2019 Economists and financial markets closely monitor interest rates in hopes of gleaning information about the path of the economy. One measure of particular interest is the yield curve. Recently, the yield curve associated with U.S. ...
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| Date Aug. 21, 2019 |
Report No. IF10182 |
Title
Updated August 21, 2019 Sudan On April 11, 2019, Sudan s military removed President Omar al Bashir from office after three decades in power. Four months of near-daily protests across the country had shaken the government, and in early April, huge crowds gathered in front of the military s headquarters in Khartoum to demand regime change. The protests, triggered by austerity measures amid an ...
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| Date Aug. 21, 2019 |
Report No. IF11296 |
Title
August 21, 2019 U.S. Dollar Intervention: Options and Issues for Congress After falling to its lowest value since the introduction of floating currencies in 1973, the U.S. dollar has appreciated by 25% between July 2011 and July 2019 its highest value since the early 2000s. President Trump and others have argued that the dollar s current relative strength is holding back growth since a strong ...
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| Date Aug. 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45878 |
Title
Small Business Credit Markets and Selected Policy Issues August 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45878 SUMMARY Small Business Credit Markets and Selected Policy Issues Small businesses are owned by and employ a wide variety of entrepreneurs skilled trade technicians, medical professionals, financial consultants, technology innovators, and restaurateurs, ...
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