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| Date Oct. 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF11018 |
Title
Updated October 10, 2019 Global Trends in HIV/AIDS Global Trends Progress in Addressing HIV/AIDS According to the Joint U.N. Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), more than 75 million people have been infected with the HIV virus since 1996, when the pandemic began. At the end of 2018, 38 million people were living with HIV/AIDS, including 2.1 million children younger than 15 years. The same year, 770,000 ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R45949 |
Title
U.S.-China Tariff Actions by the Numbers October 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45949 U.S.-China Tariff Actions by the Numbers Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Timeline of Key Actions, Affected Trade, and Tariff Increases ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R45966 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Block Grant: Legislative Issues in the 116th Congress October 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45966 SUMMARY The TANF Block Grant: Legislative Issues in the 116th Congress The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant was created by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R45980 |
Title
Electricity Storage: Applications, Issues, and Technologies October 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45980 SUMMARY Electricity Storage: Applications, Issues, and Technologies R45980 October 9, 2019 Richard J. Campbell Electricity, as it is currently produced, is largely a commodity resource that is interchangeable Specialist in Energy Policy with electricity ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11176 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Reserve: Recent Repo Market Intervention October 9, 2019 This Insight examines the Federal Reserve s (Fed s) recent intervention in the repo (repurchase agreement) market in response to a sudden and brief spike in repo rates to almost 10% (see Figure 1.) Figure 1. Repo Rates 2018-2019 Source: St. Louis Fed, FRED. Note: As measured by the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. After a ...
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| Date Oct. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11177 |
Title
INSIGHTi Executive Privilege and Individuals outside the Executive Branch October 9, 2019 White House assertions of executive privilege for presidential communications have historically been confined to individuals who were executive branch employees when those communications occurred. While the idea that executive privilege could extend to individuals outside the executive branch predates the ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2019 |
Report No. R45314 |
Title
Expedited Removal of Aliens: Legal Framework Updated October 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45314 SUMMARY Expedited Removal of Aliens: Legal Framework The federal government has broad authority over the admission of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) seeking to enter the United States. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held that the government may exclude such ...
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| Date Oct. 8, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10349 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Obstruction of Justice As a Sidecar October 8, 2019 Introduction The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (Second Circuit) recently vacated the sentence of an Air Force veteran convicted of providing material support to a foreign terrorist organization and of obstruction of justice. The Second Circuit concluded that the district court judge had not sufficiently explained his ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45946 |
Title
Executive Branch Service and the Revolving Door in Cabinet Departments: Background and Issues for Congress October 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45946 SUMMARY Executive Branch Service and the Revolving Door in Cabinet Departments: Background and Issues for Congress R45946 October 7, 2019 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the Congress Individuals may be subject ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45945 |
Title
Frequently Asked Questions About Flag Law October 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45945 SUMMARY Frequently Asked Questions About Flag Law R45945 October 7, 2019 The flag code is the federal law that sets forth guidelines for the appearance and display of the U.S. flag ( flag ) by private citizens. These guidelines specify times and conditions for display of ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45940 |
Title
U.S. Farm Support: Compliance with WTO Commitments October 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45940 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Support: Compliance with WTO Commitments R45940 October 4, 2019 Randy Schnepf As a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements, the United States has Specialist in Agricultural Policy committed to abide by WTO rules and disciplines, ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45941 |
Title
The Annual Sequester of Mandatory Spending through FY2029 October 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45941 SUMMARY The Annual Sequester of Mandatory Spending through FY2029 The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) included two parts: discretionary spending caps, plus a Joint Committee process to achieve an additional $1.2 trillion in budgetary savings ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2019 |
Report No. IN11142 |
Title
INSIGHTi EPA Repeals the Clean Power Plan and Finalizes Affordable Clean Energy Rule Updated October 4, 2019 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized its repeal of the Clean Power Plan (CPP) and promulgated new emissions guidelines in the Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) rule. EPA based these actions on its conclusion that the CPP exceeded Clean Air Act (CAA) authority by using ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2019 |
Report No. IN11174 |
Title
INSIGHTi Attacks Against Saudi Arabia: Ramifications for Natural Gas October 4, 2019 The attacks against Saudi Arabia s oil infrastructure on Saturday, September 14, 2019, poses consequences for natural gas in the region and globally. Qatar, which borders Saudi Arabia and is one of the top two liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporters along with Australia, exported about 25% of the world s LNG in ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2019 |
Report No. RL32427 |
Title
Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues Updated October 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32427 SUMMARY Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) provides economic assistance through a competitive selection process to developing nations that demonstrate positive performance in three areas: ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2019 |
Report No. R45939 |
Title
Cockpit Automation, Flight Systems Complexity, and Aircraft Certification: Background and Issues for Congress October 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45939 SUMMARY Cockpit Automation, Flight Systems Complexity, and Aircraft Certification: Background and Issues for Congress R45939 October 3, 2019 Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy The increasing ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2019 |
Report No. IN11172 |
Title
INSIGHTi H.R. 2486, the Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act (the FUTURE Act ) October 2, 2019 On September 17, 2019, under suspension of the rules, the House passed H.R. 2486, the FUTURE Act. H.R. 2486 was subsequently placed on the Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. If enacted, H.R. 2486 would amend Title III-F of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10347 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Impeachment Investigations: Law and Process October 2, 2019 Speaker Pelosi announced last week that the House is moving forward with an official impeachment inquiry. Although the Speaker s statement did not address precisely how the House will proceed, it is noteworthy not only because the House has so rarely investigated a President for the purpose of impeachment, but also because ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2019 |
Report No. IF11326 |
Title
October 2, 2019 Military Space Reform: FY2020 NDAA Legislative Proposals Introduction At a National Space Council meeting on June 18, 2018, President Donald Trump said, I am hereby directing the Department of Defense and Pentagon to immediately begin the process necessary to establish a space force as the sixth branch of the armed forces. One of the purposes for creating a separate military ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2019 |
Report No. IF10144 |
Title
Updated October 2, 2019 The Global Environment Facility (GEF) International Environmental Assistance Many governments hold that environmental degradation and climate change pose international and trans-boundary risks to human populations, economies, and ecosystems. To confront these challenges, governments have negotiated various international agreements to protect the environment, reduce ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2019 |
Report No. IF10382 |
Title
Updated October 2, 2019 The Green Climate Fund (GCF) International Environmental Assistance Many governments hold that environmental degradation and climate change pose international and trans-boundary risks to human populations, economies, and ecosystems. To confront these challenges, governments have negotiated various international agreements to protect the environment, reduce pollution, ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2019 |
Report No. R44874 |
Title
The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 1, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44874 The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions Summary When there is concern with deficit or debt levels, Congress will sometimes implement budget enforcement mechanisms to mandate specific budgetary policies or fiscal outcomes. The Budget Control Act ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11171 |
Title
INSIGHTi Bahamas: Response to Hurricane Dorian Updated October 1, 2019 On September 1-2, 2019, Hurricane Dorian, a Category 5 storm with winds of 180 miles per hour and storm surges of up to 23 feet, caused widespread damage to the islands of Grand Bahama and Abaco in the northwestern Bahamas, a country of some 700 islands off the southeast coast of the United States (see Figure 1). The official ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11173 |
Title
INSIGHTi Attacks on Saudi Oil Facilities: Effects and Responses October 1, 2019 September 14, 2019, saw an attack on Saudi Aramco s, Saudi Arabia s national oil company, Abqaiq oil processing facility and Khurais oil field and processing plant. The attack, which used both missiles and drones, temporarily disrupted 5.7 million barrels per day (mb/d) of oil production, over half of Saudi Arabia s ...
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| Date Oct. 1, 2019 |
Report No. R45577 |
Title
Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Mandated Sales and Reform Updated October 1, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45577 SUMMARY Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Mandated Sales and Reform R45577 October 1, 2019 Robert Pirog The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), administered by the Department of Energy (DOE), has Specialist in Energy Economics played a role in U.S. energy ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2019 |
Report No. R44039 |
Title
The Defense Budget and the Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions Updated September 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44039 SUMMARY The Defense Budget and the Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions Enacted on August 2, 2011, the Budget Control Act of 2011 as amended (P.L. 112-25, P.L. 112240, P.L. 113-67, P.L. 114-74, P.L. 115-123, and P.L. ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2019 |
Report No. IF11321 |
Title
September 30, 2019 Federal Regulation of Tobacco: Legal Framework and Issues for the 116th Congress The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA), P.L. 111-31, establishes the central federal regulatory regime for the manufacture, marketing, and distribution of tobacco products. The statute aims to balance competing interests in protecting the public s health against the harmful ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2019 |
Report No. R45937 |
Title
Military Funding for Southwest Border Barriers Updated September 27, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45937 SUMMARY Military Funding for Southwest Border Barriers R45937 September 27, 2019 The Department of Defense (DOD, or the Department) has played a prominent role in the Trump Administration s border security strategy because of controversies related to ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2019 |
Report No. IN11167 |
Title
INSIGHTi Attacks Against Saudi Oil Rattle Markets Updated September 26, 2019 September 14, 2019, saw a successful attack against major oil infrastructure in Saudi Arabia (the largest oil exporter), which temporarily disrupted 5.7 million barrels of daily production (mb/d), over half of Saudi oil production and about 5% of global supply. For context, U.S. crude oil production is approximately 12 mb ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2019 |
Report No. TE10037 |
Title
Statement of Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney Before Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Landlord and Tenant: The Trump Administration s Oversight of the Trump International Hotel Lease September 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service https:// ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2019 |
Report No. R45929 |
Title
China s Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agriculture: In Brief September 24, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45929 China s Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agriculture: In Brief Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 China s Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2019 |
Report No. IF11319 |
Title
September 24, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Agricultural Research and Extension Congress reauthorizes, amends, and adds new programs and requirements to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) research, education, and extension activities through Title VII of the 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334). Provisions in Title VII of the 2018 farm bill focus primarily on ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2019 |
Report No. R45930 |
Title
U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa September 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45930 SUMMARY U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa Many Members of Congress have demonstrated an interest in the mandates, effectiveness, and funding status of United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeping operations in Africa as an integral component of U.S. policy toward Africa and a ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2019 |
Report No. R45927 |
Title
U.S. Payment System Policy Issues: Faster Payments and Innovation September 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45927 SUMMARY U.S. Payment System Policy Issues: Faster Payments and Innovation Technological advances in digitization and data processing and storage have greatly increased the availability and convenience of electronic payments. New products and ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2019 |
Report No. IN11170 |
Title
INSIGHTi Health Benefits for Retired United Mine Workers of America Members September 23, 2019 Eligible United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) members receive post-retirement health and pension benefits from one of three multiemployer health benefit plans and one multiemployer pension plan. A multiemployer plan is sponsored by employers in the same industry and is maintained as part of a collective ...
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| Date Sept. 23, 2019 |
Report No. IF11317 |
Title
September 23, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Specialty Crops and Organic Agriculture The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) reauthorized and expanded existing programs and policies administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) supporting fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, and greenhouse and nursery products, among other specialty crops. A range of initiatives ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45926 |
Title
The Endangered Species Act and Climate Change: Selected Legal Issues September 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45926 SUMMARY The Endangered Species Act and Climate Change: Selected Legal Issues For more than a decade, federal agencies have grappled with how to address climate change effects when implementing the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). The ESA ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2019 |
Report No. R45924 |
Title
U.S. Farm Income Outlook: August 2019 Forecast September 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45924 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Income Outlook: August 2019 Forecast This report uses the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) farm income projections (as of August 30, 2019) and agricultural trade outlook update (as of August 29, 2019) to describe the U.S. farm economic ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2019 |
Report No. R45923 |
Title
The Coast Guard s Need for Experienced Marine Safety Personnel September 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45923 SUMMARY The Coast Guard s Need for Experienced Marine Safety Personnel R45923 September 19, 2019 John Frittelli For at least four decades, Congress has been concerned about the Coast Guard s ability to Specialist in Transportation Policy maintain ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2019 |
Report No. TE10039 |
Title
Statement of Kenneth R. Thomas Legislative Attorney Before Committee on Oversight and Reform U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on H.R. 51, the Washington, D.C. Admission Act September 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10039 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Cummings, Ranking Member Jordan, and Members of the Committee: My name is Ken Thomas. I am ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2019 |
Report No. R44856 |
Title
Air Force T-7A Red Hawk Trainer Updated September 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44856 Air Force T-7A Red Hawk Trainer Summary NOTE: This report was originally written by Ceir Coral while he was an Air Force Fellow at the Congressional Research Service. Since his departure, it has been maintained by Jeremiah Gertler of CRS. On September 27, 2018, the ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2019 |
Report No. IF10677 |
Title
Updated September 18, 2019 The Designation of Election Systems as Critical Infrastructure Prior to the 2016 federal election, a series of cyberattacks occurred on information systems of state and local election jurisdictions. Subsequently, in January 2017 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designated the election infrastructure used in federal elections as a component of U.S. critical ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2019 |
Report No. R45917 |
Title
Federal and State Regulation of Student Loan Servicers: A Legal Overview September 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45917 SUMMARY Federal and State Regulation of Student Loan Servicers: A Legal Overview As the federal government s role in the student loan industry has expanded over time, the United States has contracted with student loan servicers to help it ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2019 |
Report No. R45919 |
Title
Ground Electronic Warfare: Background and Issues for Congress September 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45919 SUMMARY Ground Electronic Warfare: Background and Issues for Congress Ground electronic warfare (EW) is a group of programs directed by the Army and Marine Corp which are designed to effect ground forces use of the electromagnetic spectrum. The U.S. ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2019 |
Report No. TE10038 |
Title
Statement of Baird Webel Specialist in Financial Economics Before Committee on the Judiciary U.S. Senate Hearing on Holocaust-Era Insurance Claims September 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10038 Congressional Research Service 1 Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member, and Members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify before you today. My name is ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2019 |
Report No. IN11168 |
Title
INSIGHTi The CCC Anomaly in an FY2020 Continuing Resolution September 17, 2019 In late August 2019, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requested a special provision for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) among its list of appropriations issues for Congress to consider under a continuing resolution (CR). In addition to the general provisions that extend the previous year s appropriation ...
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| Date Sept. 17, 2019 |
Report No. IN11169 |
Title
INSIGHTi Availability of Unemployment Benefits for Affected Federal Employees During a Government Shutdown September 17, 2019 During the last decade (FY2014, FY2018, and FY2019), there have been several periods when appropriations for significant portions of federal agencies and programs lapsed without immediate new budgetary authority. As a result, some federal employees were temporarily ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2019 |
Report No. R45915 |
Title
Immigration Detention: A Legal Overview September 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45915 SUMMARY Immigration Detention: A Legal Overview R45915 September 16, 2019 The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) authorizes and in some cases requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to detain non-U.S. nationals (aliens) arrested for Hillel R. Smith ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2019 |
Report No. R45916 |
Title
The TIGER/BUILD Program at 10 Years: An Overview September 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45916 SUMMARY The TIGER/BUILD Program at 10 Years: An Overview The Transportation Investments Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) grant program is a discretionary program providing grants to surface transportation projects on a competitive basis, with recipients ...
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| Date Sept. 16, 2019 |
Report No. IN11166 |
Title
INSIGHTi Immigration Relief Options for Bahamians After Hurricane Dorian September 16, 2019 Hurricane Dorian made landfall as a Category 5 storm over the northern Bahamas on September 1, 2019, causing extensive damage to Abaco and Grand Bahama Islands, with a combined population of almost 70,000 people (the entire country has an estimated population of almost 390,000). The U.S. government, along ...
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