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| Date Nov. 15, 2019 |
Report No. IF11363 |
Title
November 15, 2019 Processing Aliens at the U.S.-Mexico Border: Recent Policy Changes Since FY2017, a growing share of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border request asylum, some at official U.S. ports of entry and others after entering the country without inspection (i.e., illegally) between ports of entry. Under 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), arriving ...
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| Date Nov. 14, 2019 |
Report No. R46010 |
Title
Net Metering: In Brief November 14, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46010 SUMMARY Net Metering: In Brief R46010 November 14, 2019 Net metering is a policy that allows electricity customers with their own generation capacity to be financially compensated for the energy they produce. Net metering is widely regarded as having Ashley J. Lawson an important role in ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. 98-810 |
Title
Federal Employees Retirement System: Benefits and Financing Katelin P. Isaacs Specialist in Income Security Updated November 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov 98-810 Federal Employees Retirement System: Benefits and Financing Summary Most civilian federal employees who were hired before 1984 are covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). Federal employees hired ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. R46003 |
Title
Applicability of Federal Requirements to Selected Health Coverage Arrangements Vanessa C. Forsberg Analyst in Health Care Financing Ryan J. Rosso Analyst in Health Care Financing November 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46003 SUMMARY Applicability of Federal Requirements to Selected Health Coverage Arrangements Federal health insurance requirements generally apply to ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11359 |
Title
November 13, 2019 Applicability of Federal Requirements to Selected Health Coverage Arrangements: An Overview Introduction A majority of individuals in the United States have private health insurance coverage. In general, health plans sold in the private health insurance market (i.e., individual coverage, small- and large-group coverage, and self-insured plans) must comply with applicable federal ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11264 |
Title
Updated November 13, 2019 DOD s Cloud Strategy and the JEDI Cloud Procurement In September 2017, the Deputy Secretary of Defense issued a memorandum calling for the accelerated adoption of a Department of Defense (DOD) enterprise-wide cloud services solution as a fundamental component of ongoing DOD modernization efforts. As a component of this effort, DOD sought to acquire a cloud services ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11358 |
Title
November 13, 2019 Presidential Directives: An Introduction Presidential directives, such as proclamations and executive orders, are a tool used by Presidents to announce official policy and make declarations in their roles as leader of the executive branch, commander in chief of the Armed Forces, and head of state. Presidents have used directives throughout American history for a wide variety of ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IN11197 |
Title
INSIGHTi Poland Designated into Visa Waiver Program Abigail F. Kolker Analyst in Immigration Policy November 13, 2019 On November 6, 2019, Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Kevin K. McAleenan announced the designation of Poland into the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). The VWP allows citizens of designated countries to visit the United States without obtaining visas. Poland one of five EU countries ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10163 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Equal Rights Amendment: Close to Adoption? Updated November 13, 2019 The recent election of Democratic majorities in both chambers of the Virginia legislature has prompted new discussion of the state ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution when it convenes in January. In 2018, efforts to ratify the amendment were narrowly defeated in the state House ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2019 |
Report No. R44812 |
Title
U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America: Policy Issues for Congress Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin American Affairs Updated November 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44812 SUMMARY U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America: Policy Issues for Congress R44812 November 12, 2019 Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin Central America has received renewed ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2019 |
Report No. R46001 |
Title
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) FY2020 President s Budget Request and Agency Funding History: In Brief Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services November 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46001 SUMMARY Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) FY2020 President s Budget Request and Agency Funding History: In Brief The Health Resources ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2019 |
Report No. R46000 |
Title
Poverty in the United States in 2018: In Brief Joseph Dalaker Analyst in Social Policy November 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46000 SUMMARY Poverty in the United States in 2018: In Brief In 2018, approximately 38.1 million people, or 11.8% of the population, had incomes below the official definition of poverty in the United States. Poverty statistics provide a measure ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2019 |
Report No. R45636 |
Title
Congressional Participation in Litigation: Article III and Legislative Standing Wilson C. Freeman Legislative Attorney Kevin M. Lewis Legislative Attorney Updated November 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45636 SUMMARY Congressional Participation in Litigation: Article III and Legislative Standing Houses, committees, and Members of Congress periodically seek to initiate ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IF11354 |
Title
November 8, 2019 Department of Energy Appliance and Equipment Standards Program Congress continues to consider the extent and effectiveness of energy efficiency standards. One focus is energy efficiency standards for appliances and equipment. Overview The Department of Energy s (DOE s) Appliance and Equipment Standards Program sets minimum energy efficiency standards for approximately 60 product ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2019 |
Report No. TE10043 |
Title
Statement of Laura B. Comay Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Before Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. Senate Hearing on Issues and Legislation Related to Energy Development on Federal Land November 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10043 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Murkowski, Ranking Member Manchin, and Members of the ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10361 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Bivens at the Border: Supreme Court to Consider Whether Cross-Border Shooting Case Can Proceed November 7, 2019 On November 12, 2019, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral argument in Hern ndez v. Mesa, a case arising from the fatal shooting across the United States-Mexico border of 15-year-old Mexican national Sergio Adrian Hern ndez G ereca by Customs and Border Protection ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2019 |
Report No. IN11196 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2020 Refugee Ceiling and Allocations Andorra Bruno Specialist in Immigration Policy November 7, 2019 On November 1, 2019, President Donald Trump issued a Presidential Determination setting the FY2020 refugee ceiling at 18,000. The refugee ceiling is the maximum number of refugees that can be admitted to the United States in a fiscal year. From the start of FY2020 until the signing of ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11133 |
Title
INSIGHTi Harbor Dredging: Issues and Historical Funding Updated November 6, 2019 Congress is debating whether to support increased funding for dredging to better maintain harbor channel depths and widths. A bill passed by the House (H.R. 2440) seeks to boost dredging activity by utilizing more of the collections from a port tax levied to fund harbor maintenance. However, it is not clear whether ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11178 |
Title
INSIGHTi Canada s October 2019 Elections Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin American Affairs Ian F. Fergusson Specialist in International Trade and Finance Updated November 6, 2019 On October 21, 2019, Canadians went to the polls to elect 338 Members of Parliament. Although Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his Liberal Party secured the most seats in the House of Commons, they lost the majority ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45994 |
Title
Federal Land Management Agencies Mandatory Appropriations Accounts Carol Hardy Vincent, Coordinator Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Laura B. Comay Specialist in Natural Resources Policy R. Eliot Crafton Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Katie Hoover Specialist in Natural Resources Policy November 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45994 SUMMARY Federal Land ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45993 |
Title
Legalization Framework Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Ben Harrington Legislative Attorney November 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45993 SUMMARY Legalization Framework Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) The population of unlawfully present aliens in the United States numbers between ten million and twelve million, according to recent ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45992 |
Title
The Emoluments Clauses and the Presidency: Background and Recent Developments Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney Kevin J. Hickey Legislative Attorney November 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45992 SUMMARY The Emoluments Clauses and the Presidency: Background and Recent Developments R45992 November 5, 2019 Michael A. Foster Recent litigation involving the President ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45889 |
Title
Unemployment Compensation (UC): Issues Related to Drug Testing Katelin P. Isaacs Specialist in Income Security Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security David H. Carpenter Legislative Attorney Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney Updated November 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45889 SUMMARY Unemployment Compensation (UC): Issues Related to Drug Testing Recent ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45990 |
Title
Social Security: Demographic Trends and the Funding Shortfall Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy November 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45990 SUMMARY Social Security: Demographic Trends and the Funding Shortfall R45990 November 4, 2019 Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy The Social Security program pays monthly benefits to retired or disabled workers and -re ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11191 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2019 California Wildfires: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources November 1, 2019 Introduction This Insight provides a brief overview of current Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declarations and federal assistance programs that may be available. The National Weather Service (NWS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides fire weather outlooks ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. R45409 |
Title
Quantum Information Science: Applications, Global Research and Development, and Policy Considerations Updated November 1, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45409 SUMMARY Quantum Information Science: Applications, Global Research and Development, and Policy Considerations Quantum information science (QIS) combines elements of mathematics, computer science, ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11141 |
Title
INSIGHTi Charitable Conservation Contributions: Potential for Abuse? Updated November 1, 2019 Taxpayers may be able to claim a charitable deduction for the value of qualified conservation contributions, which include conservation easements. In recent years, deductions for conservation contributions have increased. There are concerns that some of this increase has been driven by syndicated ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11190 |
Title
INSIGHTi $7.569 Billion Highway Rescission Approaches November 1, 2019 Current funding for the Federal-Aid Highway Program is authorized through September 30, 2020, by the Fixing America s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act; P.L. 114-94). However, Section 1438 of the act directs that on July 1, 2020, $7.569 billion of the unobligated balances of highway formula funds apportioned to the states ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF11350 |
Title
November 1, 2019 Response Options to Oil Supply Disruptions Overview The September 2019 oil infrastructure attacks in Saudi Arabia temporarily disrupted production and processing of approximately 6% of global crude oil supply. This resulted in the largest single-day price increase over the last 10 years, as measured by West Texas Intermediate (WTI, the U.S. domestic oil price benchmark). This ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF11347 |
Title
November 1, 2019 Foreign STEM Students in the United States The number of foreign students in the United States pursuing postsecondary degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines has increased steadily in recent years. This increase has drawn attention from lawmakers interested in potential effects on institutions of higher education (IHEs), the U.S. workforce, ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10360 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Using the Power of the Purse to Change Policy: SCOTUS Case on ACA Risk Corridors Asks Important Appropriations Law Question November 1, 2019 In the world of recent litigation involving the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), most attention has focused on the ongoing litigation in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit surrounding the constitutionality of the ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF11351 |
Title
November 1, 2019 Impact of Commercial Space Launch Activities on Aviation Introduction Congress has encouraged the growth of commercial space activities by requiring federal agencies to use private launch services and establishing offices to oversee commercial activity. In 2018, 35 commercially licensed launch and reentry events occurred at U.S. spaceports, a 100% increase from the 2016 level. ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF10112 |
Title
Updated November 1, 2019 Introduction to Financial Services: The International Foreign Exchange Market Overview The international foreign exchange market is a vast, complex assortment of globally dispersed actors and transactions that comprise millions of transactions daily, valued at trillions of dollars. On a daily basis, the value of global foreign exchange transactions eclipses the total ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2019 |
Report No. IG10015 |
Title
Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) October 31, 2019 Author Information Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2019 |
Report No. IN11184 |
Title
INSIGHTi Argentina s 2019 Elections Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs Angel Carrasquillo Benoit Research Associate Updated October 31, 2019 Argentina s Peronist party (officially known as the Partido Justicialista) returned to power in October 27, 2019, presidential elections. Alberto Fern ndez of the center-left Peronist Frente de Todos (Front for All) coalition defeated ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2019 |
Report No. R44953 |
Title
The State Department s Trafficking in Persons Report: Scope, Aid Restrictions, and Methodology Updated October 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44953 SUMMARY The State Department s Trafficking in Persons Report: Scope, Aid Restrictions, and Methodology The State Department s annual release of the Trafficking in Persons report (commonly referred to as the TIP ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2019 |
Report No. R45988 |
Title
U.S. Natural Gas: Becoming Dominant Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy October 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45988 SUMMARY U.S. Natural Gas: Becoming Dominant R45988 October 30, 2019 In the beginning of the 21st century, natural gas prices were increasing and the United States was viewed as a growing natural gas importer. Multiple liquefied natural gas (LNG) ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10359 |
Title
Legal Sidebari This Land Is Your Land? Eminent Domain Under the Natural Gas Act and State Sovereign Immunity October 30, 2019 In passing the Natural Gas Act of 1938, Congress acknowledged that interstate natural gas pipelines and other natural gas transmission facilities serve the public interest. To facilitate the land acquisition process for pipelines, Congress amended the Natural Gas Act in ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2019 |
Report No. IF11191 |
Title
Updated October 29, 2019 NPV The National Popular Vote Initiative: Proposing Direct Election of the President Through an Interstate Compact Origins The National Popular Vote (NPV) Initiative is a nongovernmental advocacy campaign that promotes direct popular election of the President and Vice President through an agreement among states, the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (for additional ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R45987 |
Title
MHS Genesis: Background and Issues for Congress October 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45987 SUMMARY MHS Genesis: Background and Issues for Congress R45987 October 28, 2019 Bryce H. P. Mendez Since 1968, the Department of Defense (DOD) has developed, procured, and sustained a variety Analyst in Defense Health Care Policy of electronic systems to document ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R44514 |
Title
Video Broadcasting from the Federal Courts: Issues for Congress Updated October 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44514 Video Broadcasting from the Federal Courts: Issues for Congress Summary Members of Congress, along with the legal community, journalists, and the public, have long considered the potential merits and drawbacks of using video cameras to ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. IN11189 |
Title
INSIGHTi California Wildfires and Bulk Electric System Reliability October 28, 2019 Introduction Many regions of the United States are susceptible to wildfires during droughts, with lightning being a frequent cause. California has been particularly affected in recent years. Since 2000, California has experienced 15 of the 20 most destructive wildfires in the state s history. However, according to ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R43823 |
Title
The National Popular Vote (NPV) Initiative: Direct Election of the President by Interstate Compact Thomas H. Neale Specialist in American National Government Andrew Nolan Section Research Manager Updated October 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43823 The National Popular Vote Initiative (NPV) Summary The National Popular Vote (NPV) initiative proposes an agreement among ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. ARMENIAN |
Title
MEMORANDUM October 28, 2019 Subject: Armenian Genocide Issue Background and Pending House and Senate Resolutions (H.Res. 296 and S.Res. 150) From: Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jzanotti@crs.loc.gov, 7-1441 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. M20191028 |
Title
MEMORANDUM October 28, 2019 Subject: Armenian Genocide Issue Background and Pending House and Senate Resolutions (H.Res. 296 and S.Res. 150) From: Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jzanotti@crs.loc.gov, 7-1441 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R40884 |
Title
Wildfires: CRS Experts Updated October 28, 2019 (R40884) The following table provides access to names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to wildfires. Policy areas identified include federal forest management; wildfire management and policy; federal firefighting assistance in the Department of Homeland Security; federal emergency management policy; federal ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10358 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Things of Value and the Foreign Contribution Ban October 28, 2019 The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), as amended, prohibits foreign nationals from contributing money or other thing[s] of value in connection with a federal, state, or local election. A thing, as one dictionary has it, is some entity that cannot be specifically designated or precisely described. Sure enough, the ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2019 |
Report No. R45984 |
Title
2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334) Primer Series: A Guide to Omnibus Farm and Food Legislation October 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45984 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334) Primer Series: A Guide to Farm and Food Legislation Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2019 |
Report No. R45983 |
Title
Congressional Access to Information in an Impeachment Investigation October 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45983 SUMMARY Congressional Access to Information in an Impeachment Investigation R45983 October 25, 2019 Todd Garvey Committee investigations in the House of Representatives can serve several objectives. Most Legislative Attorney often, an ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2019 |
Report No. RL30719 |
Title
Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs Updated October 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30719 Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs Summary The digital divide is a term that has been used to characterize a gap between those Americans who have access to telecommunications and ...
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