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| Date Aug. 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45876 |
Title
Federal Personal Property Disposal: Procedures and Reforms Garrett Hatch Specialist in American National Government August 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45876 SUMMARY Federal Personal Property Disposal: Procedures and Reforms R45876 August 20, 2019 Garrett Hatch Federal personal property is generally defined as anything the government owns that is not real Specialist ...
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| Date Aug. 19, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10342 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Harris Funeral Homes: Implications for Gender Identity and Athletics under Title IX August 19, 2019 The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education (ED) has opened an investigation into a complaint recently filed by several female high school athletes, through their parents, challenging a policy that they allege allows track athletes who identify as female, but ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2019 |
Report No. R45870 |
Title
Defense Spending Under an Interim Continuing Resolution: In Brief Pat Towell, Coordinator Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget Kate P. McClanahan Analyst on the Appropriations Process Jennifer M. Roscoe Research Assistant August 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45870 SUMMARY Defense Spending Under an Interim Continuing Resolution: In Brief R45870 August 15, 2019 ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2019 |
Report No. IF11293 |
Title
August 15, 2019 Retroactive Legislation: A Primer for Congress Black s Law Dictionary defines a retroactive law as a law that looks backward or contemplates the past, affecting acts or facts that existed before the act came into effect. While Congress often considers legislation that would apply retroactively, the Constitution imposes some limited constraints on such laws. This In Focus outlines ...
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| Date Aug. 14, 2019 |
Report No. IF10962 |
Title
Updated August 14, 2019 Russia, the Skripal Poisoning, and U.S. Sanctions On August 6, 2018, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo determined that in March 2018 the government of Russia used a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom in contravention of international law. This finding triggered requirements under the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act; ...
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| Date Aug. 13, 2019 |
Report No. R45866 |
Title
Words Taken Down: Calling Members to Order for Disorderly Language in the House Gail E. Baitinger Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process August 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45866 SUMMARY Words Taken Down: Calling Members to Order for Disorderly Language in the House Rule XVII, clause 4, of the standing rules of the House of Representatives describes a ...
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| Date Aug. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11292 |
Title
August 13, 2019 Convergence of Cyberspace Operations and Electronic Warfare Over the past two decades, cyberspace operations have become an important element in military operations. Electronic warfare (EW) has been a component of military operations since the advent of the radio at the beginning of the 20th century. These two types of operations are becoming somewhat analogous as technical ...
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| Date Aug. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IN11091 |
Title
INSIGHTi Libya: Conflict Disrupts U.S.-Backed Transition Plan Christopher M. Blanchard Coordinator of Research Planning Updated August 13, 2019 On April 4, 2019, Khalifa Haftar, the commander of the Libyan National Army (LNA) coalition that has controlled eastern Libya with foreign military and financial support since 2014, ordered forces loyal to him to begin a unilateral military operation to ...
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| Date Aug. 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11166 |
Title
Updated August 13, 2019 Proposed Relocation/Realignment of USDA s ERS and NIFA Background As part of the proposed reorganization of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Secretary Perdue announced in August 2018 the department s intention to relocate the Economic Research Service (ERS) and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) outside the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. He ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF11289 |
Title
August 12, 2019 Farm Policy: Comparison of 2018 and 2019 MFP Programs During 2018 and 2019, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced two rounds of trade aid valued at a combined $28 billion. USDA is using its authority under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act to establish and fund the trade aid packages. The 2018 and 2019 trade aid packages provide both direct and ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF11290 |
Title
August 12, 2019 Federal Communications Commission: Progress Protecting Consumers from Illegal Robocalls Robocalls are the top complaint received by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and a consistent congressional concern. In 2016, the FCC received 150,000 robocall-related complaints; in 2018, it received 232,000. A robocall, also known as voice broadcasting, is any telephone call that ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10340 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Domestic Terrorism: Some Considerations August 12, 2019 Introduction Mass shootings and other recent events have led to suggestions for (1) making domestic terrorism a separate federal crime; (2) affording law enforcement agencies authority comparable to that which they enjoy in cases of international terrorism; and (3) adjusting existing federal law enforcement priorities to place ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10245 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Is the Indian Child Welfare Act Constitutional? Updated August 12, 2019 Update: After this Sidebar was originally published, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Fifth Circuit) reviewed a district court decision that held the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) unconstitutional. On August 9, 2019, the Fifth Circuit agreed that the plaintiffs in this ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF11287 |
Title
August 12, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Support for Indian Tribes The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) expanded existing programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to support production, economic and community development, and nutrition for Native American communities and producers. The Native Farm Bill Coalition representing 170 member ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R43581 |
Title
Export-Import Bank: Overview and Reauthorization Issues Updated August 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43581 SUMMARY Export-Import Bank: Overview and Reauthorization Issues R43581 August 9, 2019 Shayerah Ilias Akhtar Specialist in International The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank) commonly Trade and Finance referred to as the ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R45863 |
Title
Bitcoin, Blockchain, and the Energy Sector August 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45863 SUMMARY Bitcoin, Blockchain, and the Energy Sector The popularity of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and the underlying blockchain technology presents both challenges and opportunities to the energy sector. As interest in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has increased, ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11154 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Administration s Designation of China as a Currency Manipulator August 9, 2019 On August 4, China s central bank allowed its currency, the yuan, to depreciate to an 11-year low, breaking the politically sensitive threshold of seven yuan to one U.S. dollar (Figure 1). A depreciation of the yuan against the U.S. dollar makes Chinese exports less expensive in global markets. Some ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11155 |
Title
INSIGHTi A New Director for the International Monetary Fund August 9, 2019 On July 16, Christine Lagarde announced that she was resigning as International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director following her nomination to succeed Mario Draghi as president of the European Central Bank. She is expected to take up the new post in November. Until a new permanent director is chosen, David Lipton, the ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R45196 |
Title
Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Framework for Congressional Oversight In Brief Michael E. DeVine Analyst in Intelligence and National Security Updated August 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45196 SUMMARY Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Framework for Congressional Oversight In Brief R45196 ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10339 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Gun Control: Federal Prohibitions on Domestic Abusers Possessing Firearms and the Boyfriend Loophole August 9, 2019 The Department of Justice recently announced the establishment of a Domestic Violence Working Group to explore challenges in prosecuting domestic abusers who violate federal firearms laws, with the goal of using the tools of federal prosecution to stop and prevent ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IN11147 |
Title
INSIGHTi Real Time Payments Initiatives Updated August 8, 2019 Technological advances have made it feasible to create a real time payments (RTP) network between financial institutions in which the recipient of an electronic payment would receive funds in seconds, compared to the current practice of later in the day or the next day. The Federal Reserve s (Fed s) recent announcement that it would ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2019 |
Report No. R44129 |
Title
Human Fetal Tissue Research: Frequently Asked Questions Updated August 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44129 Human Fetal Tissue Research: Frequently Asked Questions Contents What is human fetal tissue? ............................................................................................................. 2 What are the uses of human fetal tissue in ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10338 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Facebook s $5 Billion Privacy Settlement with the Federal Trade Commission August 8, 2019 On July 24, 2019, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a record-breaking settlement with the social media company Facebook. The settlement order (2019 Order) is still subject to court approval. But if it is approved, Facebook will be required to pay a $5 billion civil penalty and make ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45268 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2019 Updated August 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45268 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2019 Summary This report provides an overview and analysis of FY2019 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The primary focus of this report is on congressional direction and ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2019 |
Report No. IF11242 |
Title
Updated August 7, 2019 U.S. Overseas Diplomatic Presence: Background and Issues for Congress Members of Congress maintain enduring interests in the U.S. diplomatic presence overseas. Congress plays an ongoing role in shaping the U.S. overseas presence by authorizing and appropriating funding for the construction and security of diplomatic facilities and, separately, the hiring of U.S. diplomatic ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2019 |
Report No. IF11285 |
Title
August 7, 2019 Election Security: Voter Registration System Policy Issues Discussions about federal election security often focus on protecting voting machines and ensuring the integrity of election results, but voter registration processes may also be vulnerable to interference. Real or perceived threats to voter registration data could undermine public confidence in the electoral system. Altered ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2019 |
Report No. IF11205 |
Title
Updated August 7, 2019 Firearm Red Flag Laws in the 116th Congress In the last year, federal and state legislators have shown increased interest in passing so-called red flag or extreme risk protection order firearm laws. In general, such laws permit courts to issue temporary orders barring particular persons from possessing guns based on some showing of imminent danger or a risk of misuse. ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45869 |
Title
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2019 Appropriations Karen E. Lynch, Coordinator Specialist in Social Policy Jessica Tollestrup, Coordinator Specialist in Social Policy David H. Bradley Specialist in Labor Economics Ada S. Cornell Senior Research Librarian William R. Morton Analyst in Income Security Angela Napili Senior Research Librarian Kyle D. Shohfi Analyst in Education ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11148 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019: Changes to the BCA and Debt Limit Updated August 5, 2019 The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (BBA 2019; P.L. 116-37) was enacted on August 2, 2019. BBA 2019 raised the discretionary spending limits (caps) implemented by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) for FY2020 and FY2021; made other BCA-related changes, including an extension of the ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11153 |
Title
INSIGHTi North Korea: What 18 Months of Diplomacy Has and Has Not Achieved August 5, 2019 Overview Since President Trump agreed in March 2018 to hold a summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to discuss North Korea s nuclear and missile programs, the Trump Administration s strategy has appeared to be based on the presumption that developing a leader-to-leader relationship will produce more ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2019 |
Report No. IF11282 |
Title
August 5, 2019 Minimum Wages and the Raise the Wage Act (H.R. 582) Federal Minimum Wage Law Since 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA, 29 U.S.C. 206) has required that certain workers be paid a minimum wage. Since then, Congress has raised the minimum wage rate 22 times, from $0.25 per hour in 1938 to its last increase on July 24, 2009, to $7.25. (P.L. 110-28 increased it from $5.15 to $7.25 ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2019 |
Report No. R45847 |
Title
The Department of Defense s JEDI Cloud Program August 2, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45847 SUMMARY The Department of Defense s JEDI Cloud Program In September 2017, the Deputy Secretary of Defense issued a memorandum calling for the accelerated adoption of a Department of Defense (DOD) enterprise-wide cloud services solution as a fundamental component of ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2019 |
Report No. R45852 |
Title
3D Printing: Overview, Impacts, and the Federal Role August 2, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45852 SUMMARY 3D Printing: Overview, Impacts, and the Federal Role Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a highly flexible manufacturing process that has been used in product development and production for the past 30 years. Greater ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2019 |
Report No. R43832 |
Title
Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress Updated August 2, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43832 Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Summary The United States and Soviet Union signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in December 1987. ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11151 |
Title
INSIGHTi Behavioral Economics, IRS Letter Campaigns, and Tax Compliance August 1, 2019 Research from the fields of behavioral economics and behavioral science suggests there may be costeffective ways for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to increase tax compliance and collections. This Insight discusses one relatively simple approach to potentially increase compliance: carefully crafted letters ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11152 |
Title
INSIGHTi Why Is the Federal Reserve Reducing Interest Rates? August 1, 2019 On July 31, the Federal Reserve (Fed) reduced the federal funds rate by a quarter of a percentage point. The Fed targets this rate to meet its statutory mandate of maximum employment and stable prices (defined as 2% inflation). Lower interest rates would tend to raise employment and inflation, all else equal. Fed Rate Cuts ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2019 |
Report No. R45854 |
Title
Trends in the U.S. Poverty Rate after Recessions August 1, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45854 Trends in the U.S. Poverty Rate after Recessions Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Historical Poverty Rates ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF11279 |
Title
August 1, 2019 Illicit Drug Flows and Seizures in the United States: In Focus Policy discussions around issues such as border security, drug trafficking, and the opioid epidemic include questions about illicit drug flows into the United States. While there are numerous data points involved in understanding the trafficking of illicit drugs into the country, these data are often estimated, ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10187 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Nonprofit Donor Information Disclosure Updated August 1, 2019 UPDATE: On July 30, 2019, the United States District Court for the District of Montana setaside as unlawful IRS Revenue Procedure 2018-38, which is the subject of this post. The Revenue Procedure would have eliminated the requirement that certain tax-exempt organizations disclose the names and addresses of their ...
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| Date July 31, 2019 |
Report No. R42881 |
Title
Education-Related Regulatory Flexibilities, Waivers, and Federal Assistance in Response to Disasters and National Emergencies Updated July 31, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42881 Education-Related Flexibilities in Response to Disasters and National Emergencies Summary The 21st century has seen the operation of elementary, secondary, and postsecondary ...
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| Date July 31, 2019 |
Report No. IN11150 |
Title
INSIGHTi New UK Leadership: Implications for Brexit July 31, 2019 On July 24, 2019, Boris Johnson became prime minister of the United Kingdom (UK) after winning the Conservative Party leadership contest that was triggered by the resignation of Theresa May as party leader on June 7. A colorful and polarizing figure who was one of the leading voices in the campaign for the UK to leave the European ...
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| Date July 31, 2019 |
Report No. IF11277 |
Title
July 31, 2019 The Clery Act: Requirements and Legal Issues Colleges, universities, and other institutions of higher education (IHEs) face several federal legal requirements that pertain to the safety and security of students. One statute that addresses such issues is the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act). The Clery Act applies to all ...
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| Date July 30, 2019 |
Report No. R45844 |
Title
FY2019 Disaster Supplemental Appropriations: Overview July 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45844 SUMMARY FY2019 Disaster Supplemental Appropriations: Overview This report provides a legislative history of the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 (P.L. 116-20), and provides an overview of some of the issues that often arise ...
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| Date July 30, 2019 |
Report No. TE10034 |
Title
Statement of Rebecca M. Nelson Specialist in International Trade and Finance Before Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs U.S. Senate Hearing on Examining Regulatory Frameworks for Digital Currencies and Blockchain July 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10034 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Crapo, Ranking Member Brown, and Members of the ...
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| Date July 30, 2019 |
Report No. IN11149 |
Title
INSIGHTi Carbon Monoxide Detection Requirements for Military Housing G. James Herrera Analyst in U.S. Defense Readiness and Infrastructure Updated July 30, 2019 Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can cause sudden illness or death if a person is exposed to certain quantities. Often referred to as the silent killer, CO poisoning kills over 430 people annually in ...
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| Date July 29, 2019 |
Report No. R45753 |
Title
The Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Current Issues Lance N. Larson Analyst in Environmental Policy Updated July 29, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45753 SUMMARY The Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Current Issues Nuclear power contributes roughly 20% of the electrical generation in the United States. Uranium is the fundamental element in fuel used for nuclear ...
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| Date July 29, 2019 |
Report No. IN11121 |
Title
INSIGHTi HUD s Proposal to End Assistance to Mixed Status Families Maggie McCarty Specialist in Housing Policy Jameson A. Carter Research Assistant Updated July 29, 2019 On May 10, 2019, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) released a proposed rule to end eligibility for mixed status families in its major rental assistance programs (public housing, Section 8 Housing Choice ...
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| Date July 29, 2019 |
Report No. R45843 |
Title
Federal Indian Law: Judicial Developments in the October 2018 Supreme Court Term Mainon A. Schwartz Legislative Attorney July 29, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45843 SUMMARY Federal Indian Law: Judicial Developments in the October 2018 Supreme Court Term Each term, the Supreme Court typically hears arguments in one or more cases concerning the rights and status of Indian ...
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| Date July 29, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10310 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Stays Injunction That Had Blocked a Portion of the Administration s Border Wall Funding Updated July 29, 2019 UPDATE: On July 26, 2019, the Supreme Court in a divided decision stayed a June 28 injunction issued by a federal district court in California that had permanently prohibited the Trump Administration from using Sections 8005 and 9002 of the 2019 Department of ...
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| Date July 26, 2019 |
Report No. R45834 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA): A Primer on Telehealth July 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45834 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs (VA): A Primer on Telehealth R45834 July 26, 2019 Victoria L. Elliott The Veterans Health Administration (VHA), of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), is Analyst in Health Policy leveraging the use of telehealth ...
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