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| Date May 31, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10303 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Enforcing Federal Privacy Law Constitutional Limitations on Private Rights of Action May 31, 2019 Over the last two years, the prospect of a comprehensive federal data privacy law has been the subject of considerable attention in the press and in Congress. Some Members of Congress and outside groups have developed many proposals in the last six months alone. Some of the proposed ...
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| Date May 30, 2019 |
Report No. R45746 |
Title
Technological Convergence: Regulatory, Digital Privacy, and Data Security Issues May 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45746 SUMMARY Technological Convergence: Regulatory, Digital Privacy, and Data Security Issues Technological convergence, in general, refers to the trend or phenomenon where two or more independent technologies integrate and form a new ...
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| Date May 30, 2019 |
Report No. IF11236 |
Title
May 30, 2019 Job Corps Program: Plans to Close and Restructure Civilian Conservation Centers (CCCs) Background Plans for Civilian Conservation Centers Job Corps is administered by the Office of Job Corps in the U.S. Department of Labor s (DOL s) Employment and Training Administration (ETA). The program consists primarily of 123 residential centers throughout the country that provide academic and ...
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| Date May 30, 2019 |
Report No. IF10423 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2019 Introduction to Real Estate Appraisals A real estate appraisal is a measure of the value of property based upon the price that a professional appraiser believes the property could be sold for under normal market conditions. Lenders rely on an appraisal because the property serves as collateral for a mortgage loan. Real estate buyers might view the appraisal as a check on their ...
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| Date May 29, 2019 |
Report No. RL34499 |
Title
Youth Transitioning from Foster Care: Background and Federal Programs Updated May 29, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34499 SUMMARY Youth Transitioning from Foster Care: Background and Federal Programs RL34499 May 29, 2019 Adrienne L. Fernandes- Alcantara While many young people have access to emotional and financial support systems Specialist in Social Policy ...
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| Date May 29, 2019 |
Report No. IG10013 |
Title
The Pharmaceutical Drug Development Process May 29, 2019 Author Information Agata Dabrowska Analyst in Health Policy Kavya Sekar Analyst in Health Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of ...
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| Date May 29, 2019 |
Report No. IG10014 |
Title
The U.S. Individual Income Tax System, 2019 May 29, 2019 Author Information Molly F. Sherlock Specialist in Public Finance Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report ...
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| Date May 29, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10304 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Waiver of Congressional Notification Period in the Arms Export Control Act May 29, 2019 The Trump Administration s notification to Congress on May 24, 2019 regarding the sales of arms to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan as an emergency measure, avoiding the statutorily required 30-day congressional notification requirement, has stirred a debate concerning the ...
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| Date May 28, 2019 |
Report No. IF11227 |
Title
May 28, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Food and agriculture policy in the United States provides support and resources for farms operated by new and beginning farmers and ranchers (BFRs). Although BFRs are eligible for all programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), recent farm bills have provided targeted support specifically addressing the ...
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| Date May 28, 2019 |
Report No. IF11228 |
Title
May 28, 2019 Defense Primer: 75th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944 June 6, 2019, marks the 75th anniversary of the historic amphibious landing by Allied Forces on the coast of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945). D-Day marked the beginning of the Allied campaign to liberate Europe from Nazi Germany. What is the D in D-Day? The D in D-Day is the designation for the ...
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| Date May 28, 2019 |
Report No. IN10898 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System Enacted in the 116th Congress Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy Pervaze A. Sheikh Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Updated May 28, 2019 Priority Volcanoes in the United States In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, a bureau within the Department of the Interior) published a volcanic threat ...
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| Date May 28, 2019 |
Report No. IN11124 |
Title
INSIGHTi Disentangling the Jobs Report Jeffrey M. Stupak Analyst in Macroeconomic Policy May 28, 2019 The Jobs Report The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS s) monthly Employment Situation Summary more commonly known as the jobs report can from time to time report seemingly contradictory figures. For example, the jobs report for April 2019 reports that the unemployment rate decreased from 3.8% to 3.6 ...
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| Date May 24, 2019 |
Report No. R45386 |
Title
Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2019 Appropriations: Independent Agencies and General Provisions Baird Webel, Coordinator Specialist in Financial Economics Updated May 24, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45386 SUMMARY Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2019 Appropriations: Independent Agencies and General Provisions The Financial Services ...
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| Date May 24, 2019 |
Report No. R45743 |
Title
USDA Domestic Food Assistance Programs: FY2019 Appropriations Randy Alison Aussenberg Specialist in Nutrition Assistance Policy Kara Clifford Billings Analyst in Social Policy May 24, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45743 SUMMARY USDA Domestic Food Assistance Programs: FY2019 Appropriations The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 116-6) was enacted on February 15, ...
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| Date May 24, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10301 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legislative Purpose and Adviser Immunity in Congressional Investigations May 24, 2019 The Trump Administration has recently questioned the legal validity of numerous investigative demands made by House committees. These objections have been based on various grounds, but two specific arguments will be addressed in this Sidebar. First, the President and other Administration officials ...
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| Date May 24, 2019 |
Report No. IF10139 |
Title
Updated May 24, 2019 China s Currency Policy China s policy of intervening in currency markets to control the value of its currency, the renminbi (RMB), against the U.S. dollar and other currencies has been of concern for many in Congress over the past decade or so. Some Members charge that China manipulates its currency in order to make its exports significantly less expensive, and its imports ...
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| Date May 23, 2019 |
Report No. R45215 |
Title
Education Policy: Resources for Congressional Staff Updated May 23, 2019 (R45215) Contents Purpose and Scope Introduction to Education Policy The Federal Government's Role in Supporting Education Committees of Jurisdiction Federal Agencies Budget and Appropriations Spending and Costs Federal Support for Early Childhood Education Programs and Services Head Start Overview Laws Regulations More ...
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| Date May 23, 2019 |
Report No. IF11225 |
Title
May 23, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Rural Development Programs Title VI of the enacted 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) includes provisions that address rural and regional development issues. While other legislation has significant implications for rural areas and rural residents (e.g., transportation initiatives, environmental regulation, finance and taxation, ...
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| Date May 22, 2019 |
Report No. R40638 |
Title
Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: A Historical Perspective on Contemporary Issues Updated May 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40638 Federal Grants to State and Local Governments Summary The federal government is expected to provide state and local governments about $750 billion in federal grants in FY2019, funding a wide range of public ...
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| Date May 22, 2019 |
Report No. 98-696 |
Title
Resolving Legislative Differences in Congress: Conference Committees and Amendments Between the Houses Updated May 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-696 Resolving Legislative Differences in Congress: Conference Committees and Amendments Summary The Constitution requires that the House and Senate approve the same bill or joint resolution in precisely the ...
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| Date May 22, 2019 |
Report No. IF11224 |
Title
May 22, 2019 Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Southern Border Barriers The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is performing work on border barriers, roads, and lighting along the U.S. southern border on behalf of the Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Defense (DOD). In addition to USACE s military and civil works responsibilities, a variety of entities federal agencies (including DOD ...
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| Date May 22, 2019 |
Report No. IF11223 |
Title
May 22, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Agricultural Trade and Food Assistance The provisions of Title III of the 2018 farm bill (Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) include programs designed to alleviate hunger and improve global food security and to expand foreign markets for U.S. agricultural producers and food manufacturers. Title III covers international food assistance programs, ...
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| Date May 22, 2019 |
Report No. IN11123 |
Title
INSIGHTi USMCA and Mexico s New Labor Law M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance May 22, 2019 The 116th Congress faces policy issues related to labor under the proposed U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) (see CRS Report R44981, NAFTA Renegotiation and the Proposed United StatesMexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)). On May 1, 2019, Mexican President Andr s Manual L pez ...
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| Date May 22, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10300 |
Title
Legal Sidebari An Overview of State and Federal Authority to Impose Vaccination Requirements May 22, 2019 According to the latest available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Protection (CDC), 7 states in the United States are currently in the midst of 10 separate measles outbreaks. With 880 total confirmed cases so far this year, 2019 now has the greatest number of reported cases of ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. R45730 |
Title
Farm Commodity Provisions in the 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334) Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy May 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45730 SUMMARY Farm Commodity Provisions in the 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334) R45730 May 21, 2019 Randy Schnepf The farm commodity program provisions in Title I of the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 Specialist in ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. R45733 |
Title
Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations June S. Beittel, Coordinator Analyst in Latin American Affairs Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin American Affairs Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs Edward Y. Gracia Research Assistant May 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. IF10042 |
Title
Updated May 21, 2019 The Reclamation Fund The Reclamation Act of 1902 authorized the Secretary of the Interior to construct irrigation works in western states through the Reclamation Service (later renamed the Bureau of Reclamation [BOR or Reclamation]). It also established the Reclamation Fund to pay for these projects. The Reclamation Fund was established as a special fund within the U.S. ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. IF11220 |
Title
May 21, 2019 Electronic Messaging Recordkeeping Requirements The emergence and widespread governmental adoption of digital technologies that create information subject to the retention and preservation requirements of the Federal Records Act (FRA; 44 U.S.C. Chapters 21, 29, 31, and 33), as amended, and the Presidential Records Act (PRA; 44 U.S.C. 2201-2209), as amended, may be of interest to ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. IF11222 |
Title
May 21, 2019 Corporate Governance: Board Diversity Introduction A public company s board of directors is a group of individuals who have been elected to be the company s fiduciaries on behalf of its shareholders. Along with company executives such as the chief executive officer (CEO) who run the company on a daily basis, the board helps set the tone for the corporation. Board mandates include ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. IN11122 |
Title
INSIGHTi OMB Issues New CRA Guidance, Potentially Changing Relationship with Independent Agencies Maeve P. Carey Specialist in Government Organization and Management May 21, 2019 On April 11, 2019, the acting director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a memorandum to agencies on implementation of the Congressional Review Act (CRA). The memorandum discussed the types of agency ...
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| Date May 21, 2019 |
Report No. R45731 |
Title
House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 116th Congress (2019-2020) Jane A. Hudiburg Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process May 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45731 SUMMARY House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 116th Congress (2019-2020) As agreed to in the House, H.Res. 6, a resolution adopting the rules of the House of ...
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| Date May 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45728 |
Title
Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 116th Congress Anita Regmi, Coordinator Analyst in Agricultural Policy Sahar Angadjivand Analyst in Agricultural Policy Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development Joel L. Greene Analyst in Agricultural Policy Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy May 20, 2019 Congressional ...
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| Date May 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45737 |
Title
Prisoners Eligibility for Pell Grants: Issues for Congress May 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45737 SUMMARY Prisoners Eligibility for Pell Grants: Issues for Congress In 1994, Congress passed and President Clinton signed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-322), which, among other things, made prisoners ineligible for Pell ...
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| Date May 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45727 |
Title
The Highway Funding Formula: History and Current Status May 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45727 SUMMARY The Highway Funding Formula: History and Current Status More than 90% of federal highway assistance is distributed to the states by formula. Between 1916, when Congress created the first ongoing program to fund road construction, and 2012, various ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. R43889 |
Title
Health Policy: Resources for Congressional Staff Updated May 17, 2019 (R43889) Contents Purpose and Scope Introduction to Health Policy The Federal Government's Role in Health Policy Committees of Jurisdiction Federal Agencies Budget and Appropriations Spending and Costs Federal Support of Health Insurance Medicare Overview Laws Regulations More Information Medicaid and the State Children's Health ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. IF11213 |
Title
May 17, 2019 Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) and Government Response Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that affects cervids, including multiple species of deer, elk, and moose. Infected cervids may exhibit many symptoms including weight loss or wasting, poor balance, excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, and others. CWD has a 100% mortality rate. The spread ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. IF11214 |
Title
May 17, 2019 Drug Pricing and the Law: Pharmaceutical Patent Disputes Patent rights play an important role in the development and pricing of pharmaceutical products. Patent law seeks to encourage innovation by granting the holder of a valid patent a temporary monopoly on an invention, potentially enabling him to charge higher-than-competitive prices. Patent disputes relating to the entry of follow ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. IF11215 |
Title
May 17, 2019 African Swine Fever (ASF) Between September 2018 and May 2019, the number of African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks has rapidly increased, most notably in China, triggering economic losses in affected pork-producing countries (Figure 1). Since September 2018, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) an intergovernmental organization coordinating, supporting, and promoting animal ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. IN11119 |
Title
INSIGHTi Unreimbursed Employee Job Expenses and the Suspension of the Miscellaneous Itemized Deduction Gary Guenther Analyst in Public Finance May 17, 2019 Before the 2018 tax year, employees who incurred certain unreimbursed job-related expenses were allowed to claim a deduction for the amount of those expenses above 2% of a taxpayer s adjusted gross income (AGI), under Sections 62 and 67 of the ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. IF11217 |
Title
May 17, 2019 Drug Pricing and the Law: Regulatory Exclusivities The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) generally must approve pharmaceutical products, such as drugs and biologics, before they can be marketed in the United States. To obtain approval of a new drug or biologic (i.e., the brand-name or reference product), the sponsor must submit to FDA data from clinical investigations demonstrating ...
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| Date May 17, 2019 |
Report No. R45726 |
Title
Federal Preemption in the Dual Banking System: An Overview and Issues for the 116th Congress Jay B. Sykes Legislative Attorney May 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45726 SUMMARY Federal Preemption in the Dual Banking System: An Overview and Issues for the 116th Congress R45726 May 17, 2019 Jay B. Sykes Legislative Attorney -re-acte--@crs.loc.gov Banks play a critical ...
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| Date May 16, 2019 |
Report No. IF11210 |
Title
May 16, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Support for Urban Agriculture Over the past decade, food policy in the United States has responded to ongoing shifts in consumer preferences and producer trends that favor local and regional food systems while also supporting traditional farm enterprises. This support for local and regional farming has helped to increase agricultural production in urban areas ...
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| Date May 16, 2019 |
Report No. R43168 |
Title
Military Sexual Assault: Chronology of Activity in the 113th-114th Congresses and Related Resources Barbara Salazar Torreon Information Research Specialist Carla Y. Davis-Castro Research Librarian Updated May 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43168 Military Sexual Assault: Chronology Summary This report focuses on previous activity in Congress regarding high profile ...
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| Date May 16, 2019 |
Report No. IN11086 |
Title
INSIGHTi Military Personnel and Extremism: Law, Policy, and Considerations for Congress Kristy N. Kamarck Specialist in Military Manpower Updated May 16, 2019 While concern about the confluence of Islamist extremist movements and U.S. military personnel rose following the 2009 attack by an Army officer at Fort Hood, Texas, recent events have raised concerns about the potential for violence from ...
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| Date May 16, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10299 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Fetal Viability and the Alabama Human Life Protection Act Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney May 16, 2019 Alabama s governor, Kay Ivey, recently signed the Alabama Human Life Protection Act (AHLPA), a measure that prohibits the performance or attempted performance of most abortions in the state. The new law is scheduled to take effect in six months. Unlike other state laws that ...
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| Date May 15, 2019 |
Report No. R45718 |
Title
The Antiquities Act: History, Current Litigation, and Considerations for the 116th Congress Benjamin Hayes Legislative Attorney May 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45718 SUMMARY The Antiquities Act: History, Current Litigation, and Considerations for the 116th Congress Summary R45718 May 15, 2019 Benjamin Hayes Legislative Attorney -re-acte--@crs.loc.gov The Antiquities ...
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| Date May 15, 2019 |
Report No. R45720 |
Title
United States Foreign Intelligence Relationships: Background, Policy and Legal Authorities, Risks, Benefits Michael E. DeVine Analyst in Intelligence and National Security May 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45720 {222A0E69-13A2-4 985-84AE-73 CC3D FF4D02}--2020 340952 511442 180710 280771 341591 090012 09121 169110 229237 080048 072240 026234 243017 108185 226005 005052 ...
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| Date May 15, 2019 |
Report No. 98-437 |
Title
Calendars of the House of Representatives Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated May 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov 98-437 Calendars of the House of Representatives In the House of Representatives, the term calendar has two related meanings. This report, one of series of reports on legislative process, explains calendars and their ...
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| Date May 14, 2019 |
Report No. R44572 |
Title
U.S. Airborne Electronic Attack Programs: Background and Issues for Congress John R. Hoehn Analyst in Military Capabilities and Programs Updated May 14, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44572 SUMMARY U.S. Airborne Electronic Attack Programs: Background and Issues for Congress U.S. airborne electronic warfare (EW) programs involve developing and procuring EW aircraft and EW ...
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| Date May 14, 2019 |
Report No. IF11017 |
Title
Updated May 14, 2019 The Plug-In Electric Vehicle Tax Credit Buyers of qualifying plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) may be able to claim a federal income tax credit of up to $7,500. The tax credit phases out once a vehicle manufacturer has sold 200,000 qualifying vehicles. Tesla and GM have reached this threshold, and credits for Tesla and GM vehicles will begin phasing out in 2019. In the 116th ...
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