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| Date March 22, 2019 |
Report No. R44637 |
Title
Department of State and Foreign Operations Appropriations: History of Legislation and Funding in Brief Updated March 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44637 SUMMARY Department of State and Foreign Operations Appropriations: History of Legislation and Funding in Brief R44637 March 22, 2019 Emily M. Morgenstern Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy ...
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| Date March 22, 2019 |
Report No. R44742 |
Title
Defining Hemp: A Fact Sheet Updated March 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44742 Defining Hemp: A Fact Sheet otanically, hemp and marijuana are from the same species of plant, Cannabis sativa,1 but from different varieties or cultivars.2 However, hemp and marijuana are genetically distinct forms of cannabis that are distinguished by their use and chemical ...
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| Date March 22, 2019 |
Report No. RL33816 |
Title
Broadband Loan and Grant Programs in the USDA s Rural Utilities Service March 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33816 Broadband Loan and Grant Programs in the USDA s Rural Utilities Service Summary Given the large potential impact broadband access may have on the economic development of rural America, concern has been raised over a digital divide between ...
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| Date March 22, 2019 |
Report No. IN11082 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT FY2020 Budget Request for the Department of Energy March 22, 2019 (IN11082) | Related Author Corrie E. Clark | Corrie E. Clark, Analyst in Energy Policy (cclark@crs.loc.gov, 7-7213) The President's FY2020 budget request includes $31.7 billion for the Department of Energy (DOE), approximately $4 billion (11%) less than the FY2019 enacted level of $35.7 billion (see Division A of P.L. ...
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| Date March 22, 2019 |
Report No. IN11080 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Cyclone Disaster in Mozambique and Surrounding Region March 22, 2019 (IN11080) | Related Author Nicolas Cook | Nicolas Cook, Specialist in African Affairs (ncook@crs.loc.gov, 7-0429) On March 14, a large and powerful tropical storm dubbed Cyclone Idai came ashore at Beira, a low-lying port city in central Mozambique, in southeastern Africa. It featured sustained winds as high as 120 ...
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| Date March 21, 2019 |
Report No. R45626 |
Title
Older Americans Act: Senior Community Service Employment Program March 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45626 SUMMARY Older Americans Act: Senior Community Service Employment Program The Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) authorizes the Department of Labor (DOL) to make grants to support part-time community service employment opportunities ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. R41964 |
Title
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2012 Appropriations Updated March 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41964 Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2012 Appropriations Summary The Agriculture appropriations bill provides funding for all of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except the Forest Service, plus the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. R42580 |
Title
Guatemala: Political and Socioeconomic Conditions and U.S. Relations Updated March 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42580 Guatemala: Political and Socioeconomic Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary Guatemala, the most populous Central American country, with a population of 16.3 million, has been consolidating its transition to democracy since the 1980s. ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45237 |
Title
Overview of FY2019 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) Updated March 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45237 Overview of FY2019 Appropriations for CJS Summary This report describes actions taken by the Trump Administration and Congress to provide FY2019 funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. R45615 |
Title
International Trophy Hunting March 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45615 SUMMARY International Trophy Hunting International trophy hunting is a multinational, multimillion-dollar industry practiced throughout the world. Trophy hunting is broadly defined as the killing of animals for recreation with the purpose of collecting trophies such as horns, antlers, ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10131 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Is Cy Pres A-OK? Supreme Court to Consider When Class Action Settlements Can Pay a Charity Instead of Class Members Kevin M. Lewis Legislative Attorney Updated March 20, 2019 UPDATE: The Supreme Court issued its opinion in Frank v. Gaos on March 20, 2019. Significantly, the Court s majority opinion did not address any of the substantive issues discussed in this Sidebar. ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. IF10907 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2019 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): FY2019 Budget Request and Appropriations The mission of the Department of Commerce (DOC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to understand and predict changes in weather, climate, oceans, and coasts; to share that information with others; and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. IF10259 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2019 Europe s Refugee and Migration Flows Mixed Migration to Europe Routes, Flows, and Arrival Profiles Over the past several years, Europe has experienced significant refugee and migrant flows as people have fled conflict and poverty in bordering regions. Although 2015 is considered the height of the crisis, refugee and migrant arrivals have continued (see Table 1). The war in ...
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| Date March 20, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10277 |
Title
Legal Sidebari VAWA Reauthorization: Substantive Criminal Law Proposals Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in American Public Law March 20, 2019 The authorization of appropriations for the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) expired at the end of FY 2018. The House Judiciary Committee has voted out an amendment in the nature of a substitute of the reauthorization of the bill (H.R. 1585). The absence of ...
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| Date March 19, 2019 |
Report No. R44852 |
Title
The Value of Energy Tax Incentives for Different Types of Energy Resources Updated March 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44852 The Value of Energy Tax Incentives for Different Types of Energy Resources Summary The U.S. tax code supports the energy sector by providing a number of targeted tax incentives, or tax incentives available only for the energy ...
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| Date March 19, 2019 |
Report No. RS20120 |
Title
Legislative Support Resources: Offices and Websites for Congressional Staff Jennifer E. Manning Senior Research Librarian Maura Mullins Research Librarian Updated March 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS20120 Legislative Support Resources: Offices and Websites for Congressional Staff Summary This report provides a brief list of key House, Senate, legislative support ...
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| Date March 19, 2019 |
Report No. IF11139 |
Title
March 19, 2019 Evaluating DOD Strategy: Key Findings of the National Defense Strategy Commission On January 19, 2018, the Department of Defense (DOD, or the Department) released an unclassified summary of the congressionally mandated National Defense Strategy (NDS). On November 14, 2018, the congressionally appointed bipartisan National Defense Strategy Commission (NDSC, or the Commission) issued ...
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| Date March 19, 2019 |
Report No. IN11078 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Proposed Air Force Acquisition of New F-15EXs March 19, 2019 (IN11078) | Related Author Jeremiah Gertler | Jeremiah Gertler, Specialist in Military Aviation (jgertler@crs.loc.gov, 7-5107) The Trump Administration's FY2020 budget proposal includes a request for $1.1 billion to buy 8 F-15EX aircraft, the first procurement toward a planned initial buy of 144. This proposal represents a ...
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| Date March 18, 2019 |
Report No. RS22549 |
Title
Older Americans Act: Funding Formulas Updated March 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22549 Older Americans Act: Funding Formulas Summary The Older Americans Act (OAA) is the major vehicle for the delivery of social and nutrition services for older persons. The act s statutory funding formulas determine allotments to states and other entities under the ...
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| Date March 18, 2019 |
Report No. IN11076 |
Title
INSIGHTi Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) Formula Grant Reauthorization March 18, 2019 Although juvenile justice is administered by the states, the federal government plays a role in this area through the administration of grant programs. Congress has influenced juvenile justice policy and practice by authorizing and funding grant programs administered by the Department of ...
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| Date March 18, 2019 |
Report No. IF10758 |
Title
Updated March 18, 2019 Online Political Advertising: Disclaimers and Policy Issues Introduction and Background How campaign finance law and regulation affect online political ads illustrates the challenge of incorporating emerging technologies into preexisting regulatory frameworks. Should Congress adapt campaign finance law and regulation to emerging technology and tactics, and if so, how? How ...
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| Date March 18, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10215 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal District Court Enjoins the Department of Homeland Security from Terminating Temporary Protected Status Updated March 18, 2019 Update: In February 2019, several months after this Sidebar was originally published, a lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, challenging the Department of Homeland Security s (DHS) decisions to end ...
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| Date March 18, 2019 |
Report No. IN11077 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Indonesia Prepares for Election Rematch March 18, 2019 (IN11077) | Related Author Ben Dolven | Ben Dolven, Specialist in Asian Affairs (bdolven@crs.loc.gov, 7-7626) Voters in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, are scheduled to go to the polls on April 17 to elect a President and the 560 members of the People's Representative Council, Indonesia's national ...
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| Date March 18, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10276 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Once Again Considers Partisan Gerrymandering: Implications and Legislative Options L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney March 18, 2019 Is there a standard for determining whether a redistricting map is an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander? Or, do claims of partisan gerrymandering raise political questions that lie beyond the jurisdiction of a federal court (i.e., ...
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| Date March 15, 2019 |
Report No. R43327 |
Title
Financing Airport Improvements Updated March 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43327 Financing Airport Improvements Summary There are five major sources of airport capital development funding: the federal Airport Improvement Program (AIP); local passenger facility charges (PFCs) imposed pursuant to federal law; tax-exempt bonds; state and local grants; and ...
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| Date March 15, 2019 |
Report No. IN11075 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Trump Administration's Proposed Removal of Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Benefits for India and Turkey March 15, 2019 (IN11075) | Related Authors Shayerah Ilias Akhtar Vivian C. Jones | Shayerah Ilias Akhtar, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (siliasakhtar@crs.loc.gov, 7-9253) Vivian C. Jones, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (vcjones@crs.loc.gov, 7- ...
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| Date March 15, 2019 |
Report No. IN11074 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Low Interest Rates, Part III: Potential Causes March 15, 2019 (IN11074) | Related Author Marc Labonte | Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy (mlabonte@crs.loc.gov, 7-0640) Interest rates have been unusually low by historical standards since the 2007-2009 financial crisis, as discussed in CRS Insight IN11044, Low Interest Rates, Part 1: Economic and Fiscal Implications, by ...
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| Date March 15, 2019 |
Report No. IN11073 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Farm Debt and Chapter 12 Bankruptcy Eligibility March 15, 2019 (IN11073) | Related Author Jim Monke | Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy (jmonke@crs.loc.gov, 7-9664) As farm income has declined over multiple years since 2013, the number of reported farm bankruptcies has begun to increase. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis observed that Chapter 12 farm bankruptcies ...
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| Date March 14, 2019 |
Report No. IF10131 |
Title
Updated March 14, 2019 U.S. Global Health Assistance: FY2017-FY2020 Request Background Congress has made global health a priority for several years, including through support for global health programs. From FY2001 through FY2008, appropriations for global health rose from less than $2 billion to almost $8 billion. The funding increases largely supported two U.S. programs aimed at fighting HIV/ ...
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| Date March 14, 2019 |
Report No. IF10797 |
Title
Updated March 14, 2019 PEPFAR Stewardship and Oversight Act: Expiring Authorities Congress has prioritized fighting HIV/AIDS globally, having authorized related activities and appropriated over $82 billion for HIV/AIDS programs since FY2001 (Table 1). The 108th and 110th Congresses enacted two pieces of legislation that have shaped U.S. responses to these diseases: the Leadership Act of 2003, P.L. ...
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| Date March 14, 2019 |
Report No. IN11072 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Boeing 737 MAX Crashes Shake Confidence in International Air Safety March 14, 2019 (IN11072) | Related Author Bart Elias | Bart Elias, Specialist in Aviation Policy (belias@crs.loc.gov, 7-7771) Recent foreign air disasters involving Boeing 737 MAX 8 airplanes have raised international concern about the safety of that aircraft and passenger airline safety in general. On October 29, 2018 ...
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| Date March 14, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10274 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Huawei v. United States: The Bill of Attainder Clause and Huawei s Lawsuit Against the United States Wilson C. Freeman Legislative Attorney March 14, 2019 On March 6, 2019, Chinese electronics manufacturing and telecommunications giant Huawei Technologies Co. (Huawei) filed a lawsuit against the United States, challenging the constitutionality of a law that restricts federal ...
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| Date March 14, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10273 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Racial Gerrymandering: Past Cases and the Supreme Court s Upcoming Decision in Bethune-Hill II Benjamin Hayes Legislative Attorney March 14, 2019 On March 18, 2019, the Supreme Court is set to hear argument in Virginia House of Delegates v. BethuneHill (Bethune-Hill II), a case raising the question of whether the Commonwealth of Virginia violated the Fourteenth Amendment s Equal ...
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| Date March 13, 2019 |
Report No. R45595 |
Title
Laws Affecting Students with Disabilities: Preschool Through Postsecondary Education March 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45595 SUMMARY Laws Affecting Students with Disabilities: Preschool Through Postsecondary Education R45595 March 13, 2019 Kyrie E. Dragoo The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act ...
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| Date March 13, 2019 |
Report No. R44857 |
Title
Special Counsel Investigations: History, Authority, Appointment and Removal Updated March 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44857 SUMMARY Special Counsel Investigations: History, Authority, Appointment and Removal R44857 March 13, 2019 Cynthia Brown Legislative Attorney The Constitution vests Congress with the legislative power, which includes authority to ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. TE10033 |
Title
Statement of L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney Before Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Justice U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on History and Enforcement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 March 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10033 Congressional Research Service C 1 hairman Cohen, Ranking Member ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. IN11071 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Thailand Set to Hold Long-Awaited Election March 12, 2019 (IN11071) | Related Author Kirt Smith | Kirt Smith, Research Assistant (jksmith@crs.loc.gov, 7-2011) Nearly five years after the Royal Thai Army seized power in a coup d' tat in 2014, the Kingdom of Thailand is officially set to hold nationwide parliamentary elections on March 24, 2019 (see Figure 1). While the announcement ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10272 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The CREATES Act of 2019 and Lowering Drug Prices: Legal Background & Overview Wen S. Shen Legislative Attorney March 12, 2019 On February 5, 2019, the Creating and Restoring Equal Access to Equivalent Samples Act of 2019 (CREATES Act) was reintroduced in both the Senate and the House. The bill, first introduced in the 114th Congress (S. 3056) and again in the 115th Congress (S. 974 ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF11132 |
Title
March 12, 2019 Coalition-Building Against Iran Overview and Analysis As part of its efforts to maximize pressure on Iran, the Trump Administration is urging a wide variety of international actors to adopt Iran policies similar and complementary to those of the United States. The Administration arguably is attempting to isolate Iran politically and diplomatically by fashioning a multilateral ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF10279 |
Title
Updated March 12, 2019 Cameroon Cameroon is a diverse, resource-rich, majority Francophone country bordering the Gulf of Guinea. President Paul Biya, age 86, is one of Africa s longest-serving leaders. He was reelected in 2018 and has no clear successor. Cameroon faces security and humanitarian challenges on three fronts: the Nigerian-origin Boko Haram insurgency in the north, a separatist ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF11131 |
Title
March 12, 2019 Defense Primer: DOD Appropriated Fund Civilians Background and History The Department of Defense (DOD) workforce consists of military personnel, civilian employees, and contractors. A DOD civilian does not serve in the military but is instead appointed to the federal civil service. DOD civilians work for the military departments (i.e., Army, Navy, and Air Force) as well as other ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. PAKAID |
Title
Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2020 Prepared by the Congressional Research Service for distribution to multiple congressional offices, March 12, 2019 Note: Final obligation and disbursement totals may be lower than program account appropriations (rounded to the nearest millions of dollars) Program or Account FY2002FY2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 ...
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| Date March 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF11133 |
Title
March 12, 2019 Opioid Use and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) problematic opioid use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress among pregnant women has gradually increased as the nation s opioid epidemic has unfolded. This has led to increases in several adverse outcomes for infants, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Recent ...
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| Date March 11, 2019 |
Report No. IN11046 |
Title
INSIGHTi New Crisis Brewing in Burma s Rakhine State? Updated March 11, 2019 Approximately 250 Chin and Rakhine refugees entered into Bangladesh s Bandarban district in the first week of February, trying to escape the fighting between Burma s military, or Tatmadaw, and one of Burma s newest ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), the Arakan Army (AA). Bangladesh s Foreign Minister Abdul Momen summoned ...
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| Date March 8, 2019 |
Report No. R42699 |
Title
The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice Matthew C. Weed Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation Updated March 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R42699 The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice Summary This report discusses and assesses the War Powers Resolution and its application since enactment in 1973, providing detailed background on various cases in ...
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| Date March 8, 2019 |
Report No. DOMAIN |
Title
Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process Updated March 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21333 Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process Summary Between 1969 and 1999, almost 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is one of four component nations of ...
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| Date March 8, 2019 |
Report No. IF11126 |
Title
March 8, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: What Is the Farm Bill? The farm bill is an omnibus, multiyear law that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. It provides an opportunity for policymakers to comprehensively and periodically address agricultural and food issues. In addition to developing and enacting farm legislation, Congress is involved in overseeing its implementation. The farm ...
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| Date March 8, 2019 |
Report No. RS21333 |
Title
Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process Kristin Archick Specialist in European Affairs Updated March 8, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS21333 Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process Summary Between 1969 and 1999, almost 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is ...
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| Date March 8, 2019 |
Report No. IN11070 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Amazon's HQ2 and Economic Development: Perspectives and Policy Options March 8, 2019 (IN11070) | Related Author Michael H. Cecire | Michael H. Cecire, Analyst in Intergovernmental Relations and Economic Development Policy (mcecire@crs.loc.gov, 7-7109) In February 2019, facing political and public opposition, Amazon canceled the New York portion of its planned second headquarters (HQ2). ...
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| Date March 8, 2019 |
Report No. IN11069 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT DHS Unity of Effort: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress March 8, 2019 (IN11069) | Related Author William L. Painter | William L. Painter, Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations (wpainter@crs.loc.gov, 7-3335) An unresolved debate dating from the origin of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the extent of department management involvement in the ...
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