|
Date ↓
|
Report No.
|
Title |
| Date Jan. 16, 2019 |
Report No. IF11074 |
Title
January 16, 2019 U.S. Immigration Laws for Aliens Arriving at the Border Introduction In recent years, the migrant population arriving at the U.S.Mexico (Southern) border without legal immigration status has shifted from being comprised predominantly of Mexican adult economic migrants to being comprised primarily of Central American adults, family units (adults with at least one child under age 18 ...
|
| Date Jan. 16, 2019 |
Report No. IF10826 |
Title
Updated January 16, 2019 Farm Bill Primer: Support for Veteran Farmers and Ranchers The enacted 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) provides additional support for U.S. military veterans transitioning into agriculture by expanding on programs authorized in the 2014 farm bill (Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79). Programs administered by the U.S. Department of ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. R44913 |
Title
Farm Bill Primer Series: A Guide to Agriculture and Food Programs in the 2014 Farm Bill Updated January 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44913 Farm Bill Primer Series Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. R44822 |
Title
Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 115th Congress Updated January 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44822 {222A0E69-13A2-4985-84AE-73CC3DFF4D02}-R-0480441630982222321402382550210541681552460220261481871050651010822260611120030821121072000560000822070180641202431981821740061361620831172391270661212390161260601011280521712191700452391500140112432151231082310511600761 ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. R45461 |
Title
BUILD Act: Frequently Asked Questions About the New U.S. International Development Finance Corporation January 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45461 SUMMARY BUILD Act: Frequently Asked Questions About the New U.S. International Development Finance Corporation Members of Congress and Administrations have periodically considered reorganizing the federal ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. R45460 |
Title
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA): Overview and Issues for Congress (name redacted) Analyst in Natural Resources Policy January 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45460 SUMMARY Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA): Overview and Issues for Congress Congress enacted the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA; P.L. 92-583, 16 U.S.C. 14511466) in 1972 and has amended the act 11 ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10244 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Are DACA Recipients Eligible for Federal Employment? Hillel R. Smith Legislative Attorney January 15, 2019 The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) prohibits employers, including federal agencies, from knowingly hiring non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who are not authorized to work in the United States. By statute, certain aliens are generally authorized to work in the United States, ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10205 |
Title
Legal Sidebari An Avalanche of Arbitration: Three Federal Arbitration Act Cases at the Supreme Court Wilson C. Freeman Legislative Attorney January 15, 2019 UPDATE: On January 15, 2019, the Supreme Court issued its decision in New Prime v. Oliveira. In an opinion authored by Justice Gorsuch, the Court unanimously ruled in favor of respondent Oliveira on both of the questions discussed below. First ...
|
| Date Jan. 15, 2019 |
Report No. IN11020 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: Issues Raised by the Partial Government Shutdown January 15, 2019 (IN11020) | Related Author Natalie Keegan | Natalie Keegan, Analyst in American Federalism and Emergency Management Policy (nkeegan@crs.loc.gov, 7-9569) At the end of the day on December 21, 2018, the continuing appropriations measure, Making Further Continuing ...
|
| Date Jan. 14, 2019 |
Report No. R45459 |
Title
Federal Crop Insurance: Specialty Crops January 14, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45459 SUMMARY Federal Crop Insurance: Specialty Crops The federal crop insurance program offers subsidized crop insurance policies to farmers. Farmers can purchase policies that pay indemnities when their yields or revenues fall below guaranteed levels. While the majority of ...
|
| Date Jan. 11, 2019 |
Report No. R45458 |
Title
Foreign Aid in the 115th Congress: A Legislative Wrap-Up in Brief January 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45458 Foreign Aid in the 115th Congress: A Legislative Wrap-Up in Brief Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Appropriations Laws ...
|
| Date Jan. 11, 2019 |
Report No. R45457 |
Title
Animal and Plant Health Import Permits in U.S. Agricultural Trade name redacted Analyst in Agricultural Policy January 11, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45457 SUMMARY Animal and Plant Health Import Permits in U.S. Agricultural Trade The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the U.S. government authority tasked ...
|
| Date Jan. 11, 2019 |
Report No. R44408 |
Title
Cybersecurity: Cybercrime and National Security Authoritative Reports and Resources Updated January 11, 2019 (R44408) Jump to Main Text of Report Contents Introduction Tables Table 1. Cybercrime, Data Breaches, and Data Security Table 2. National Security, Cyber Espionage, and Cyberwar Table 3. "The Internet of Things," Smart Cities, Cloud Computing, and FedRAMP Summary As online attacks grow in ...
|
| Date Jan. 11, 2019 |
Report No. IF10809 |
Title
Updated January 11, 2019 Introduction to Bank Regulation: Leverage and Capital Ratio Requirements Banks generally must comply with a variety of requirements to hold minimum levels of capital. These requirements are designed to create certain benefits (e.g., fewer bank failures, more systemic stability) but impose certain costs (e.g., greater bank funding cost, reduced credit availability). Recent ...
|
| Date Jan. 11, 2019 |
Report No. IN11017 |
Title
INSIGHTi Military Construction Funding in the Event of a National Emergency name redacted Section Research Manager name redacted Analyst in US Defense Budget Updated January 11, 2019 The President s reported consideration of whether to invoke various statutory authorities (including some triggered by a declaration of a national emergency) to direct the Department of Defense (DOD) to construct a ...
|
| Date Jan. 10, 2019 |
Report No. RS21363 |
Title
Legislative Procedure and Process Resources for Congressional Staff name redacted Senior Research Librarian name redacted Research Librarian Updated January 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS21363 Legislative Procedure and Process Resources for Congressional Staff SUMMARY Written for congressional staff, this report identifies and provides details on how to obtain ...
|
| Date Jan. 10, 2019 |
Report No. R45456 |
Title
Federal Grand Jury Secrecy: Legal Principles and Implications for Congressional Oversight January 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45456 SUMMARY Federal Grand Jury Secrecy: Legal Principles and Implications for Congressional Oversight R45456 January 10, 2019 Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that [n]o ...
|
| Date Jan. 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF11066 |
Title
Updated January 10, 2019 Housing and Urban Development (HUD) FY2018 Audit Opinion The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is the cabinet-level federal agency responsible for national housing and community development policy and programs. As required by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (CFO Act; 31 U.S.C. 902), as amended, HUD and other federal government agencies annually ...
|
| Date Jan. 10, 2019 |
Report No. IN11015 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Federal Income Tax: How Do Marginal Income Tax Rates Work? January 10, 2019 (IN11015) | Related Author Margot L. Crandall-Hollick | Margot L. Crandall-Hollick, Specialist in Public Finance (mcrandallhollick@crs.loc.gov, 7-7582) Calculating Income Tax Liability For many taxpayers, calculating their federal income tax liability can be broken down into three main steps. 1. Taxpayers ...
|
| Date Jan. 10, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10243 |
Title
Legal Sidebari How a Government Shutdown Affects Government Contracts David H. Carpenter Legislative Attorney January 10, 2019 On December 22, 2018, funding lapsed on annual appropriations for certain government agencies, causing a partial government shutdown. This has prompted questions about how the FY2019 partial government shutdown might affect, among other things, the government s ability to ...
|
| Date Jan. 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF10385 |
Title
Updated January 10, 2019 China s Status as a Nonmarket Economy (NME) When China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, it agreed to allow other WTO members to continue to use an alternative (surrogate country) methodology for assessing prices and costs on products subject to antidumping (AD) measures. This occurred because other WTO members argued that distortions in the Chinese ...
|
| Date Jan. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R45455 |
Title
The Affordable Care Act s (ACA s) Employer Shared Responsibility Provisions (ESRP) January 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45455 SUMMARY The Affordable Care Act s (ACA s) Employer Shared Responsibility Provisions (ESRP) The employer shared responsibility provisions (ESRP), which often are referred to as the employer mandate, generally incentivize large ...
|
| Date Jan. 9, 2019 |
Report No. R44416 |
Title
Tribal Broadband: Status of Deployment and Federal Funding Programs Updated January 9, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44416 Tribal Broadband: Status of Deployment and Federal Funding Programs Summary Tribal areas and communities continue to lag behind other areas and segments of American society with respect to broadband and telecommunications services. High ...
|
| Date Jan. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IF10913 |
Title
Updated January 9, 2019 Defense Primer: FY2018 Department of Defense Audit Results The Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (CFO Act, P.L. 101-576) requires annual audits of financial statements for federal agencies. Under the CFO Act, audits of federal agencies are the responsibility of the agency s inspector general (IG), but the IG may contract with one or more external auditors to perform the ...
|
| Date Jan. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11013 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Failed Coup Attempt in Gabon January 9, 2019 (IN11013) | Related Authors Tomas F. Husted Alexis Arieff | Tomas F. Husted, Analyst in African Affairs (thusted@crs.loc.gov, 7-7754) Alexis Arieff, Specialist in African Affairs (aarieff@crs.loc.gov, 7-2459) On January 7, a small group of Gabonese soldiers seized the state broadcasting building in Gabon's capital, Libreville, and declared ...
|
| Date Jan. 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11014 |
Title
INSIGHTi Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S.1): An Overview (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs January 9, 2019 Overview On January 3, 2019, Senator Marco Rubio and three co-sponsors introduced S. 1, the Strengthening America's Security in the ...
|
| Date Jan. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IF10126 |
Title
Updated January 8, 2019 Introduction to Financial Services: The Housing Finance System This In Focus provides a summary of the U.S. single-family housing finance system and several related policy issues that have been of importance to Congress. (MBS), and the payment streams associated with the mortgages are sold to investors. Mortgages can be securitized through three channels: The Mortgage ...
|
| Date Jan. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IN11012 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Romania Assumes the EU Presidency amid Domestic Turmoil January 8, 2019 (IN11012) | Related Author Sarah E. Garding | Sarah E. Garding, Analyst in Balkan and Southeast Europe Affairs (sgarding@crs.loc.gov, 7-4593) On January 1, 2019, Romania assumed the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union (hereinafter, the EU presidency) for the first time since joining the ...
|
| Date Jan. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IF11063 |
Title
January 8, 2019 2018 Tax Filing Season: The Mortgage Interest Deduction P.L. 115-97, often referred to as The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the act for this In Focus), changed how homeowners can treat mortgage interest for tax purposes starting in tax year 2018. While the mortgage interest deduction is still generally available, the revision reduced the maximum mortgage balance eligible for the deduction ...
|
| Date Jan. 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45453 |
Title
U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Electricity Sector: Factors, Trends, and Projections January 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45453 SUMMARY U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Electricity Sector: Factors, Trends, and Projections R45453 January 7, 2019 Jonathan L. Ramseur International negotiations and domestic policy developments continue to generate ...
|
| Date Jan. 7, 2019 |
Report No. IN11011 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Economic Effects of the FY2019 Government Shutdown January 7, 2019 (IN11011) | Related Author Marc Labonte | Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy (mlabonte@crs.loc.gov, 7-0640) On December 22, 2018, funding lapsed for certain federal agencies, initiating a shutdown of those agencies. This Insight discusses how the shutdown could affect the overall economy. Official economic ...
|
| Date Jan. 7, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10241 |
Title
Legal Sidebari D.C. Circuit Affirms Joint Employer Standard in End-of-Year Decision Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney January 7, 2019 In one of its final opinions for 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the joint employer standard established for collective bargaining purposes by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board) in an August 2015 ...
|
| Date Jan. 4, 2019 |
Report No. R44858 |
Title
Democracy Promotion: An Objective of U.S. Foreign Assistance Updated January 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44858 SUMMARY Democracy Promotion: An Objective of U.S. Foreign Assistance Promoting democratic institutions, processes, and values has long been a U.S. foreign policy objective, though the priority given to this objective has been inconsistent. World ...
|
| Date Jan. 2, 2019 |
Report No. R45449 |
Title
The SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act (P.L.115-271): Medicare Provisions Updated January 2, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45449 SUMMARY The SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act (P.L.115-271): Medicare Provisions On October 24, 2018, President Trump signed into law the Substance Use-Disorder Prevention That Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for ...
|
| Date Jan. 2, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10237 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Special Counsel Investigation After the Attorney General s Resignation Cynthia Brown Legislative Attorney January 2, 2019 Recent Department of Justice (DOJ) leadership changes have raised questions about their impact on the special counsel investigation into Russian interference with the 2016 presidential election and related matters. Who will oversee the investigation? How do ...
|
| Date Jan. 2, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10238 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Executive Branch Ethics and Financial Conflicts of Interest: Disclosure Cynthia Brown Legislative Attorney January 2, 2019 Recent media reports indicate that the 116th Congress may address government ethics reform, including conflicts of interest among executive branch officials. Federal officials have a basic duty not to allow private gain to influence their government service, ...
|
| Date Jan. 2, 2019 |
Report No. IF11061 |
Title
January 2, 2019 Targeting Illicit Finance: The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network s Financial Institution Advisory Program Introduction The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the Department of the Treasury, is charged with administering the U.S. government s financial regulatory regime to counter money laundering, terrorist financing, and other illicit financial activity. ...
|
| Date Dec. 31, 2018 |
Report No. R45448 |
Title
Profiles and Effects of Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agricultural Exports name redacted Analyst in Agricultural Policy Updated December 31, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45448 SUMMARY Profiles and Effects of Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agricultural Exports Countries have imposed tariffs on U.S. agricultural products to retaliate against actions the Trump Administration ...
|
| Date Dec. 31, 2018 |
Report No. IF11059 |
Title
December 31, 2018 Overview of U.S. International Food Assistance The U.S. government administers multiple international food assistance programs that aim to alleviate hunger and improve food security around the world. Some of these programs provide emergency assistance to people affected by conflict or natural disaster. Other programs provide nonemergency assistance to help communities improve ...
|
| Date Dec. 28, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10236 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Wading Into the Waters of the United States Stephen P. Mulligan Legislative Attorney December 28, 2018 The Trump Administration recently unveiled a proposed rule that would redefine the jurisdictional reach of the Clean Water Act. The principal federal law restricting pollution of the nation s surface waters, the Clean Water Act prohibits discharging certain pollutants into the ...
|
| Date Dec. 28, 2018 |
Report No. IF10573 |
Title
Updated December 28, 2018 Federal Correctional Reform and the First Step Act of 2018 The size of the federal prison system has grown significantly since the beginning of the 1980s. The number of convicted offenders under the Bureau of Prison s (BOP s) jurisdiction has decreased in each of the past four fiscal years, but even with the recent decrease, the number of federal prisoners in FY2017 (185, ...
|
| Date Dec. 27, 2018 |
Report No. R44376 |
Title
Federal Support for Graduate Medical Education: An Overview Updated December 27, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44376 SUMMARY Federal Support for Graduate Medical Education: An Overview Access to health care is, in part, determined by the availability of physicians, a function of the physician supply. Policymakers have demonstrated a long-standing interest in ...
|
| Date Dec. 27, 2018 |
Report No. R45218 |
Title
The Opioid Epidemic and the Food and Drug Administration: Legal Authorities and Recent Agency Action Updated December 27, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45218 The Opioid Epidemic and the FDA: Legal Authorities and Recent Agency Action Summary According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the annual number of drug overdose deaths in the ...
|
| Date Dec. 27, 2018 |
Report No. IF11033 |
Title
November 30, 2018 The House-Proposed Tax Cut: Amendment to H.R. 88 On November 26, 2018, Chairman Kevin Brady of the House Ways and Means Committee released the Retirement, Savings, and Other Tax Relief Act of 2018. The bill was reported to the House on November 28, 2018. The measure is an amendment to a minor bill already passed by the House and Senate, H.R. 88. The proposed bill has six major ...
|
| Date Dec. 27, 2018 |
Report No. IF11057 |
Title
December 27, 2018 Global Trends: Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major, and evolving, health challenge in many parts of the world and a target by the international community for global eradication. The U.S. government is one of the largest donors to global TB control efforts. Data used in this In Focus derive primarily from the World Health Organization (WHO). Tuberculosis Transmission ...
|
| Date Dec. 27, 2018 |
Report No. IF11058 |
Title
December 27, 2018 Drug Shortages: Causes, FDA Authority, and Policy Options Drug shortages have remained a serious and persistent public health concern, despite the prevention and mitigation efforts of Congress, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and health care providers. While the number of new drug shortages has declined since its peak in 2011, many medically necessary products, such as ...
|
| Date Dec. 21, 2018 |
Report No. R45446 |
Title
Reauthorization of the Perkins Act in the 115th Congress: The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act December 21, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45446 SUMMARY Reauthorization of the Perkins Act in the 115th Congress: The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act R45446 December 21, 2018 Boris ...
|
| Date Dec. 21, 2018 |
Report No. R41723 |
Title
Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts Updated December 21, 2018 (R41723) In the event of a funding gap, the potential impacts of a government shutdown would depend on a program's or agency's specific circumstances and, furthermore, how relevant law is interpreted. Table 1 provides names and contact information for CRS subject matter experts on policy issues relating to funding gaps ...
|
| Date Dec. 21, 2018 |
Report No. R45447 |
Title
Permanent Employment-Based Immigration and the Per-country Ceiling Updated December 21, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45447 SUMMARY Permanent Employment-Based Immigration and the Per-country Ceiling R45447 December 21, 2018 William A. Kandel The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) specifies a complex set of categories and numerical Analyst in Immigration ...
|
| Date Dec. 21, 2018 |
Report No. R45070 |
Title
Protecting Consumers and Businesses from Fraudulent Robocalls Updated December 21, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45070 SUMMARY Protecting Consumers and Businesses from Fraudulent Robocalls R45070 December 21, 2018 Patricia Moloney Figliola The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA) regulates robocalls. A robocall, Specialist in Internet and ...
|
