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| Date Dec. 20, 2018 |
Report No. R44762 |
Title
Membership of the 115th Congress: A Profile Updated December 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44762 Membership of the 115th Congress: A Profile Summary This report presents a profile of the membership of the 115th Congress (2017-2018) as of December 20, 2018. Statistical information is included on selected characteristics of Members, including data on party ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2018 |
Report No. IN11009 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT USDA's Final Rule on Milk, Whole Grains, and Sodium in School Meals Updated December 20, 2018 (IN11009) | Related Author Kara Clifford Billings | Kara Clifford Billings, Analyst in Social Policy (kbillings@crs.loc.gov, 7-2043) On December 12, 2018, Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue announced a final rule on "flexibilities" for milk, whole grains, and sodium in child nutrition ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2018 |
Report No. IF11053 |
Title
December 20, 2018 Cable and Satellite Television Issues in the 116th Congress More than 119 million U.S. households watch television. Of those, more than three-quarters receive television signals via cable, telephone lines, or direct broadcast satellite. Federal laws govern which broadcast signals subscribers to these services can view. The laws also govern the compensation that owners of ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2018 |
Report No. IF11055 |
Title
December 20, 2018 Introduction to Bank Regulation: Supervision To identity and mitigate risks, bank regulators have the authority to monitor bank activities and, if necessary, direct a bank to change its behavior. Bank supervision creates certain benefits (e.g., fewer bank failures, more systemic stability) but imposes certain costs (e.g., bank compliance costs, reduced credit availability). ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2018 |
Report No. R45440 |
Title
International Approaches to Digital Currencies December 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45440 SUMMARY International Approaches to Digital Currencies Since Bitcoin was introduced a decade ago, about 2,100 cryptocurrencies have been developed. Cryptocurrencies are digital representations of value that have no status as legal tender and are administered using ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2018 |
Report No. R44820 |
Title
Selected International Insurance Issues in the 115th Congress (name redacted) Specialist in Financial Economics (name redacted) Analyst in International Trade and Finance Updated December 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44820 {222A0E69-13A2-4985-84AE-73CC3DFF4D02}-R-0651340852510651650272502271521360810552380211281221591700631380132281411622161721530351041780122090631 ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2018 |
Report No. R44176 |
Title
Essential Air Service (EAS) Updated December 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44176 Essential Air Service (EAS) SUMMARY The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 gave airlines almost total freedom to determine which domestic markets to serve and what airfares to charge. This raised the concern that communities with relatively low passenger levels would lose ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10234 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Home is Where the Habitat is: Supreme Court Addresses Critical Habitat under the Endangered Species Act Linda Tsang Legislative Attorney December 19, 2018 On November 27, 2018, in a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court held that only habitat of an endangered species can be designated as critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). (Justice Kavanaugh did not participate ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10233 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Bar Dues or Bar Don t? Compelled Fees and the First Amendment Valerie C. Brannon Legislative Attorney December 19, 2018 Do mandatory dues imposed by compulsory professional associations violate the First Amendment s Free Speech Clause? The Supreme Court was recently presented with this question in Fleck v. Wetch, an appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2018 |
Report No. R45434 |
Title
U.S. Trade with Major Trading Partners December 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45434 SUMMARY U.S. Trade with Major Trading Partners Summary R45434 December 18, 2018 Andres B. Schwarzenberg Analyst in International U.S. world trade has grown steadily over the past decade. In 2017, the United States exported Trade and Finance $2.4 trillion in goods and ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2018 |
Report No. R45164 |
Title
Legal Authorities Under the Controlled Substances Act to Combat the Opioid Crisis Updated December 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45164 Legal Authorities Under the Controlled Substances Act to Combat the Opioid Crisis Summary According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the annual number of drug overdose deaths involving prescription ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2018 |
Report No. R43489 |
Title
EPA s Wood Stove / Wood Heater Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions Updated December 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43489 EPA s Wood Stove / Wood Heater Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions Summary On March 7, 2018, the House passed H.R. 1917, a bill that would delay for three years the implementation of more stringent emission standards for new ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2018 |
Report No. RL31269 |
Title
Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy Updated December 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31269 SUMMARY Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy A refugee is a person fleeing his or her country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political ...
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| Date Dec. 17, 2018 |
Report No. R45432 |
Title
Medicaid Supplemental Payments Updated December 17, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45432 SUMMARY Medicaid Supplemental Payments Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services, as well as long-term services and supports. Medicaid is a federal and state partnership that is jointly financed by the ...
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| Date Dec. 17, 2018 |
Report No. IF11050 |
Title
December 17, 2018 New U.S. Policy Regarding Nuclear Exports to China Introduction Nuclear Export Approvals On October 11, 2018, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced measures to prevent China s illegal diversion of U.S. civil nuclear technology for military or other unauthorized purposes. These measures, which took effect immediately, include additional restrictions on U.S.origin nuclear- ...
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| Date Dec. 17, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10231 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Distribution Problems: Volcker Rule Exemption Raises Ambiguity Jay B. Sykes Legislative Attorney December 17, 2018 According to a recent report, some large banks are contemplating a legal challenge to a regulation commonly referred to as the Volcker Rule, which (subject to certain exceptions) prohibits federally insured banks from (1) engaging in proprietary trading, and (2) owning ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2018 |
Report No. R44986 |
Title
Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act: Bureau of Reclamation and California Water Provisions Updated December 14, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44986 Bureau of Reclamation and California Water in the WIIN Act Summary Most of the provisions in the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN Act; P.L. 114-322), enacted on ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2018 |
Report No. IF11048 |
Title
December 14, 2018 Introduction to Bank Regulation: Credit Unions and Community Banks: A Comparison Depository institutions specifically, credit unions and banks provide financial services to savers (via accepting checking and savings deposits) and borrowers (via providing consumer and business loans). A credit union is a membership-owned cooperative organization established on the basis of its ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2018 |
Report No. IF10895 |
Title
Updated December 14, 2018 2018 World Bank Capital Increase Proposal On October 12, 2018 World Bank members, including the United States, approved a $60.1 billion capital increase for the World Bank s main lending facility, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which would raise the IBRD s capital from $268.9 billion to $329 billion. World Bank members also endorsed a $ ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2018 |
Report No. IF11047 |
Title
December 14, 2018 The Asia Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities for U.S. Policy The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) Congress has the ability to shape the United States approach to Asia, where economic, security, and political trends are challenging U.S. leadership and interests. The Trump Administration has promoted a strategy of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) that frames U.S. policy in ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2018 |
Report No. R45431 |
Title
Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protections In Brief December 13, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45431 SUMMARY Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protections In Brief R45431 December 13, 2018 Michael E. DeVine Analyst in Intelligence and Whistleblowing is the act of reporting waste, fraud, abuse and corruption in a lawful National Security manner to ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. R45430 |
Title
Sharing the Colorado River and the Rio Grande: Cooperation and Conflict with Mexico December 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45430 {222A0E69-13A2-4985-84AE-73CC3DFF4D02}-R- ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. RS22967 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Updated December 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22967 SUMMARY U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians RS22967 December 12, 2018 In calendar year 2018, the Trump Administration has significantly cut funding for the Palestinians during a time of tension in U.S.-Palestinian relations. Statements by Jim Zanotti Specialist in ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. R45424 |
Title
Waters of the United States (WOTUS): Current Status of the 2015 Clean Water Rule Updated December 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45424 SUMMARY Waters of the United States (WOTUS): Current Status of the 2015 Clean Water Rule The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the principal federal law governing pollution of the nation s surface waters. The statute protects ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. 98-307 |
Title
Points of Order, Rulings, and Appeals in the House of Representatives Updated December 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-307 Points of Order, Rulings, and Appeals in the House of Representatives T he Speaker1 usually does not take the initiative to prevent the House from considering proposals or taking actions that would violate the House s rules.2 Instead, ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. IN11007 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Amazon HQ2 and Federal Opportunity Zone Tax Incentives Updated December 12, 2018 (IN11007) | Related Author Sean Lowry | Sean Lowry, Analyst in Public Finance (slowry@crs.loc.gov, 7-9154) On November 13, 2018, Amazon announced that it would be splitting its second headquarters (HQ2) between Northern Virginia and Long Island City, NY. According to the company, each HQ2 site is expected ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. IF10886 |
Title
Updated December 12, 2018 TANF Reauthorization: House Ways and Means Committee Majority Discussion Draft of May 8, 2018 The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to states, tribes, and the territories for a wide range of benefits and services that seek to address the effects of and root causes of child poverty and economic disadvantage. Funding is set to expire ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. IF10892 |
Title
Updated December 12, 2018 TANF Reauthorization: H.R. 5861 Introduction The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to states, tribes, and the territories for a wide range of benefits and services that seek to address the effects of and root causes of child poverty and economic disadvantage. Funding is set to expire on December 22, 2018, for TANF and related ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10228 |
Title
Legal Sidebar DHS Public Charge Proposal: Green Card Applications Would Turn on Whether the Applicant is Likely to Use One or More Public Benefit at Any Time in the Future Ben Harrington Legislative Attorney December 12, 2018 The public charge ground of inadmissibility in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) requires immigration officials to make forward-looking assessments about the ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10229 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Title IX: Who Determines the Legal Meaning of Sex ? Jared P. Cole Legislative Attorney Christine J. Back Legislative Attorney December 12, 2018 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) generally prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in educational programs or activities that receive federal funding. Whether the statute s protection extends to bar discrimination ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. IN10990 |
Title
In September 2017, Deputy Secretary of Defense (DSD) Patrick Shanahan issued a memorandum calling for the accelerated adoption of a Department of Defense (DOD)-wide cloud computing system. Under the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) Cloud program, DOD seeks to "acquire a cloud services solution that can support Unclassified, Secret, and Top Secret requirements," with a focus on ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2018 |
Report No. IF11045 |
Title
December 12, 2018 Sea Lion Predation on Columbia River Salmon and Steelhead Since the 1990s, concerns have grown about sea lion predation on Columbia River salmon and steelhead (salmonids). Management of these species has been complicated by requirements to protect sea lion populations under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA; 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) while maintaining efforts to recover ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2018 |
Report No. R45433 |
Title
USDA Domestic Food Assistance Programs: FY2018 Appropriations December 11, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45433 SUMMARY USDA Domestic Food Assistance Programs: FY2018 Appropriations R45433 December 11, 2018 Randy Alison Aussenberg Specialist in Nutrition The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141) was enacted on March 23, Assistance Policy 2018. ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2018 |
Report No. R45117 |
Title
U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2018 Updated December 11, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45117 U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2018 Summary According to USDA s Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being is forecast at $66.3 billion in 2018, down over $9 billion (12%) from last year. The forecast decline in 2018 ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2018 |
Report No. IF11044 |
Title
December 11, 2018 TANF Reauthorization: Senate Finance Committee Discussion Draft of November 19, 2018 Introduction The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to states, tribes, and the territories for a wide range of benefits and services that seek to address the effects and root causes of child poverty and economic disadvantage. Funding for TANF and related ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2018 |
Report No. IF10990 |
Title
Updated December 11, 2018 The Return of the Bells of Balangiga to the Republic of the Philippines, in Context Background on the Balangiga Massacre On September 28, 1901, during the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), Filipino guerrillas reportedly rang the bells of the Catholic Church at Balangiga, a small town on the eastern island of Samar, to signal an attack on U.S. troops who were occupying ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10222 |
Title
Legal Sidebari District Court Temporarily Blocks Implementation of Asylum Restrictions on Unlawful Entrants at the Southern Border Hillel R. Smith Legislative Attorney Ben Harrington Legislative Attorney December 11, 2018 Update: Following publication of this Sidebar, on December 7, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in a 2-1 decision denied the Trump Administration s emergency ...
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| Date Dec. 10, 2018 |
Report No. RL34680 |
Title
Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects Updated December 10, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34680 Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects Summary When federal agencies and programs lack funding after the expiration of full-year or interim appropriations, the agencies and programs experience a funding gap. ...
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| Date Dec. 10, 2018 |
Report No. RS22991 |
Title
Speaking on the House Floor: Gaining Time and Parliamentary Phraseology -name redactedSpecialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated December 10, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS22991 Speaking on the House Floor: Gaining Time and Parliamentary Phraseology Summary House rules and precedents structure Members opportunities to speak on the floor about pending ...
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| Date Dec. 10, 2018 |
Report No. IN11006 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Yemen: Peace Talks and Current Congressional Action Updated December 10, 2018 (IN11006) | Related Authors Jeremy M. Sharp Christopher M. Blanchard | Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687) Christopher M. Blanchard, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 7-0428) Overview On December 6, 2018, the warring parties to the ...
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| Date Dec. 10, 2018 |
Report No. IF11041 |
Title
December 10, 2018 The Opioid Epidemic and the U.S. Labor Market Some Members of Congress have expressed strong concerns about the societal costs of the opioid epidemic, including its potential to adversely affect the U.S. economy. Efforts to quantify the annual economic costs of opioid abuse and dependence produce estimates in the tens of billions of dollars, of which workforce losses decreased ...
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| Date Dec. 10, 2018 |
Report No. IF11043 |
Title
December 10, 2018 Updated Common Rule: Key Changes for Research Using Stored Biospecimens On January 19, 2017, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and 15 other federal departments and agencies jointly published a final rule to amend the uniform set of regulations known as the Common Rule that govern the ethical conduct of research supported by these agencies involving humans (82 ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2018 |
Report No. R45240 |
Title
The Special Registration for Telemedicine: In Brief Updated December 7, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45240 The Special Registration for Telemedicine: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Legislative Activities ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2018 |
Report No. R45279 |
Title
Buprenorphine and the Opioid Crisis: A Primer for Congress Updated December 7, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45279 SUMMARY Buprenorphine and the Opioid Crisis: A Primer for Congress R45279 December 7, 2018 Johnathan H. Duff Analyst in Health Policy Buprenorphine is a medication used to treat adults addicted to opioids (it is also used in the treatment of pain ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2018 |
Report No. R44824 |
Title
Advanced Gene Editing: CRISPR-Cas9 Updated December 7, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44824 Advanced Gene Editing: CRISPR-Cas9 Summary Scientists have long sought the ability to control and modify DNA the code of life. A gene editing technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 offers the potential for substantial improvement over other gene editing technologies in that it ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2018 |
Report No. R45426 |
Title
The Pregnancy Assistance Fund: An Overview December 6, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45426 SUMMARY The Pregnancy Assistance Fund: An Overview The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended) established the Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF) to assist vulnerable individuals and their families during the transition to parenthood. ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2018 |
Report No. R43861 |
Title
The Use of Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) in Federal Health Programs (name redacted), Coordinator Specialist in Health Care Financing (name redacted) Specialist in Health Care Financing (name redacted) Specialist in Health Care Financing (name redacted) Analyst in Health Care Financing (name redacted) Legislative Attorney Updated December 6, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2018 |
Report No. RL33223 |
Title
Venue: A Legal Analysis of Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried Updated December 6, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33223 Venue: A Legal Analysis of Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried Summary The United States Constitution assures those charged with a serious federal crime that they will be prosecuted in the state and district in which the crime occurred. A ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2018 |
Report No. RS22361 |
Title
Venue: An Abridged Legal Analysis of Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried Updated December 6, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22361 Venue: An Abridged Legal Analysis of Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried Summary The United States Constitution assures those charged with a serious federal crime that they will be prosecuted in the state and district in which the ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10227 |
Title
Legal Sidebari CFTC and Virtual Currencies: New Court Rulings and Implications for Congress Updated December 6, 2018 Over the past few months, several federal district courts have ruled in favor of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) in its first wave of fraud-based enforcement actions involving Bitcoin and other virtual currencies (also referred to as digital currencies, ...
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