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| Date March 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45581 |
Title
District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program (DC OSP): Overview, Implementation, and Issues Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education Policy March 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45581 SUMMARY District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program (DC OSP): Overview, Implementation, and Issues R45581 March 7, 2019 Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education Policy ...
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| Date March 7, 2019 |
Report No. R44656 |
Title
USDA s Actively Engaged in Farming (AEF) Requirement Updated March 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44656 USDA s Actively Engaged in Farming (AEF) Requirement Summary In 1987, Congress enacted what is commonly known as the Farm Program Payments Integrity Act (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, P.L. 100-203, 1301-1307), which requires that an ...
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| Date March 7, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10270 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Special Counsel s Report: What Do Current DOJ Regulations Require? Cynthia Brown Legislative Attorney March 7, 2019 In light of media reports that Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III is close to concluding his investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election, the extent to which the findings and conclusions of the Special Counsel s investigation will be released to ...
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| Date March 7, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10235 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATED: District Court Strikes the Individual Mandate and Declares the Affordable Care Act Invalid: What Happened and What Lies Ahead? Edward C. Liu Legislative Attorney Jennifer A. Staman Legislative Attorney March 7, 2019 UPDATE 3/7/2019: In December 2018, the district court in Texas v. United States issued a partial final order and stayed its judgment pending appeal. The ...
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| Date March 7, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10202 |
Title
Legal Sidebari When Can Copyright Holders Sue?: Supreme Court to Resolve Circuit Split on Copyright Registration Kevin J. Hickey Legislative Attorney March 7, 2019 UPDATE (March 7, 2019): On March 4, 2019, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com. Justice Ginsburg s opinion for a unanimous court held that a copyright holder must wait for the ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. R43871 |
Title
Funding for EPA Water Infrastructure: A Fact Sheet Updated March 6, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43871 Funding for EPA Water Infrastructure: A Fact Sheet ederal funding to assist communities with capital projects to meet the water-related goals and requirements of federal laws has been provided through programs in the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Safe ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11029 |
Title
INSIGHTi Guatemalan President s Dispute with the U.N. Commission Against Impunity (CICIG) Updated March 6, 2019 Congress has supported successive Guatemalan governments efforts to strengthen democratic institutions; address crime, drugs, and rule of law; and root out corruption and impunity. The current situation in Guatemala involves a January 2019 decision by President Jimmy Morales to terminate ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11068 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel: April 2019 Elections and Probable Indictments Against Prime Minister Netanyahu March 6, 2019 The closely contested Israeli national elections scheduled for April 9, 2019, will have significant implications for the country s leadership and future policies. Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu called for elections to take place seven months earlier than required by law, partly in hopes ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11067 |
Title
INSIGHTi The February 2019 Trump-Kim Hanoi Summit March 6, 2019 Overview On February 27 and 28, President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un met in Hanoi to discuss North Korea s nuclear and missile programs, as well as the establishment of a new relationship between the two countries. The two leaders had held one prior summit, in Singapore, in June 2018. The Hanoi summit ended ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11066 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT U.S. Secret Service Protection of Persons and Facilities: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress March 6, 2019 (IN11066) | Related Author Shawn Reese | Shawn Reese, Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy (sreese@crs.loc.gov, 7-0635) Congress has historically legislated and conducted oversight on the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) because of USSS' public ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10269 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Justice Department Reverses Stand on Gambling Statute Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in American Public Law March 6, 2019 In January, Deputy Attorney General Rod J. Rosenstein announced that the Justice Department s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) had determined that a federal gambling statute, the so-called Wire Act, applied to both sports gambling and non-sports gambling. The OLC ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10232 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Will the FTC Need to Rethink its Enforcement Playbook? Third Circuit Considers FTC s Ability to Sue Based on Past Conduct Chris D. Linebaugh Legislative Attorney March 6, 2019 UPDATE: On February 25, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (Third Circuit) affirmed the district court s judgment in the case FTC v. Shire ViroPharma, Inc. The Third Circuit ...
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| Date March 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11065 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT An Electric Grid Based on 100% Renewable Energy? March 6, 2019 (IN11065) | Related Author Richard J. Campbell | Richard J. Campbell, Specialist in Energy Policy (rcampbell@crs.loc.gov, 7-7905) A recent assessment by the U.S. Global Change Research Program found that if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue at current rates and adaptation actions are not undertaken, climate change ...
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| Date March 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45388 |
Title
Burmese Security Forces and Personnel Implicated in Serious Human Rights Abuses and Accountability Options Updated March 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45388 SUMMARY Burmese Security Forces and Personnel Implicated in Serious Human Rights Abuses and Accountability Options R45388 March 5, 2019 Michael F. Martin Specialist in Asian Affairs At least 17 ...
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| Date March 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11033 |
Title
INSIGHTi P.L. 115-97 and the 2019 Federal Income Tax Filing Season for Individuals Updated March 5, 2019 In late 2017, a bill (H.R. 1) was enacted (P.L. 115-97) that made numerous changes to the federal income tax for individuals and businesses. For a summary of those changes, see CRS Report R45092, The 2017 Tax Revision (P.L. 115-97): Comparison to 2017 Tax Law, coordinated by Molly F. Sherlock ...
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| Date March 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45557 |
Title
The President s Authority to Withdraw the United States from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Without Further Congressional Action March 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45557 SUMMARY The President s Authority to Withdraw the United States from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Without Further Congressional Action R45557 March 5, ...
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| Date March 5, 2019 |
Report No. R44585 |
Title
Evolution of the Meaning of Waters of the United States in the Clean Water Act Updated March 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44585 Evolution of the Meaning of Waters of the United States in the Clean Water Act Summary For more than forty-five years, all three branches of government have struggled with how to interpret the meaning of waters of the United ...
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| Date March 5, 2019 |
Report No. IF11124 |
Title
March 5, 2019 Textile and Apparel Sectors Disagree on Certain Provisions of the Proposed U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Agreement Introduction The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is the proposed replacement of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which entered into force in 1994 and gradually eliminated tariffs and quotas on regionally made textile and apparel products. The proposed ...
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| Date March 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11064 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT EU Finalizes FDI Screening Framework March 5, 2019 (IN11064) | Related Author James K. Jackson | James K. Jackson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (jjackson@crs.loc.gov, 7-7751) On February 14, 2019, the European Parliament approved a regulation (an EU law) that establishes a cooperation mechanism for screening foreign direct investment (FDI) in EU members that focuses on ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45549 |
Title
The State and Local Role in Election Administration: Duties and Structures March 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45549 SUMMARY The State and Local Role in Election Administration: Duties and Structures The administration of elections in the United States is highly decentralized. Elections are primarily administered by thousands of state and local systems ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. RS21232 |
Title
Grazing Fees: Overview and Issues Updated March 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21232 Grazing Fees: Overview and Issues Summary Charging fees for grazing private livestock on federal lands is a long-standing but contentious practice. Generally, livestock producers who use federal lands want to keep fees low, whereas conservation groups believe fees should ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45552 |
Title
Changes to House Rules Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Included in H.Res. 6 (116th Congress) March 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45552 SUMMARY Changes to House Rules Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Included in H.Res. 6 (116th Congress) On January 3, 2019, the House adopted Title I of H.Res. 6, the standing rules for the House of ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45558 |
Title
The First Step Act of 2018: An Overview March 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45558 SUMMARY The First Step Act of 2018: An Overview On December 21, 2018, President Trump signed into law the First Step Act of 2018 (P.L. 115391). The act was the culmination of several years of congressional debate about what Congress might do to reduce the size of the federal ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45487 |
Title
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2019: In Brief Updated March 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45487 THUD Appropriations for FY2019: In Brief Contents FY2019 Appropriations Actions ...................................................................................................... 1 Overview of ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10268 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Title IX and Sexual Harassment: Education Department Proposes New Regulations March 4, 2019 This past November, the U.S. Department of Education (ED) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend current regulations that implement Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX). Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs or activities ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10200 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Statutory Canon Aimed at International Organization Immunity Jennifer K. Elsea Legislative Attorney March 4, 2019 Update: The Supreme Court on February 27 issued its 7-1 opinion in Jam v. International Finance Corp, holding in favor of the petitioners and reversing the decision below. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that [t]he IOIA should be understood to link the law of international ...
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| Date March 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF10966 |
Title
Updated March 4, 2019 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2019 Overview The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has two main statutory responsibilities: to collect most of the revenue needed to fund the federal government and to enforce federal tax laws and regulations. In FY2017, the agency processed 245.4 million tax returns and other documents and collected $3.4 trillion in gross revenue. ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. R45547 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2019 Appropriations March 1, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45547 SUMMARY U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2019 Appropriations The United States provides foreign assistance to Latin American and Caribbean nations to support development and other U.S. objectives. U.S. ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11060 |
Title
INSIGHTi Pipeline Security: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress March 1, 2019 Ongoing threats against the nation s natural gas, oil, and refined product pipelines have heightened concerns about the security risks to these pipelines, their linkage to the electric power sector, and federal programs to protect them. In a December 2018 study, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. R45548 |
Title
The Power Marketing Administrations: Background and Current Issues March 1, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45548 SUMMARY The Power Marketing Administrations: Background and Current Issues R45548 March 1, 2019 Richard J. Campbell The federal government, through the Department of Energy, operates four regional power Specialist in Energy Policy marketing ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11058 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sudan: Pressure Mounts on the Government Lauren Ploch Blanchard Specialist in African Affairs March 1, 2019 Sudan s President Omar al Bashir, who took power in a 1989 coup, arguably faces the greatest challenge to his rule in three decades, as public pressure for a political transition mounts. Bashir s government has been the target of near-daily protests across the country since December ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF11098 |
Title
Updated March 1, 2019 2019 Tax Filing Season (2018 Tax Year): The State and Local Tax Deduction Certain taxpayers can reduce their taxable income and ultimately their federal income tax liability by claiming the deduction for state and local taxes (SALT) they have paid. Recent changes to the SALT deduction made by the 2017 tax revision, often referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10267 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Definition of National Emergency under the National Emergencies Act March 1, 2019 States and various organizations have filed a number of lawsuits challenging President Trump s proclamation of a national emergency in order to secure funding for the construction of physical barrier along the U.S. southern border. The lawsuits assert that no national emergency exists and that the ...
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| Date March 1, 2019 |
Report No. IF11121 |
Title
Updated March 1, 2019 Firearm Background Checks: Current Federal Framework and the House-Passed Proposals in the 116th Congress Federal law requires a background check for many, but not all, firearms transfers. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Act), Pub. L. No. 103-159, 107 Stat. 1536, established the federal framework for firearms background checks. Under the Act, the Federal ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R45425 |
Title
Budget Issues That Shaped the 2018 Farm Bill Updated February 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45425 SUMMARY R45425 Budget Issues That Shaped the 2018 Farm Bill February 28, 2019 The farm bill is an omnibus, multiyear law that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. The farm bill has typically undergone reauthorization about every five years. The ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. R45545 |
Title
Suspension of the Rules: House Practice in the 114th Congress (2015-2016) February 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45545 SUMMARY Suspension of the Rules: House Practice in the 114th Congress (2015-2016) Suspension of the rules is the most commonly used procedure to call up measures on the floor of the House of Representatives. As the name suggests, the ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. TE10032 |
Title
Statement of Valerie C. Brannon Legislative Attorney Before Committee on Oversight and Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Effects of Vacancies at the Merit Systems Protection Board February 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10032 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Connolly, Ranking Member Meadows, and ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. IN11061 |
Title
INSIGHTi Pipeline Security: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress February 28, 2019 Ongoing threats against the nation s natural gas, oil, and refined product pipelines have heightened concerns about the security risks to these pipelines, their linkage to the electric power sector, and federal programs to protect them. In a December 2018 study, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. IF10466 |
Title
Updated February 28, 2019 Eritrea Eritrea has been called a pariah state by some observers for its poor human rights record, political repression, and history of aid to rebel groups in the region. International support for the country, which gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993, declined after a border war with Ethiopia (1998-2000), amidst a severe crackdown on dissent. Recent political ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. IN11047 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Budget and Homeland Security: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress Updated February 28, 2019 (IN11047) | Related Author William L. Painter | William L. Painter, Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations (wpainter@crs.loc.gov, 7-3335) Congress at times has sought to ascertain how much the government spends on securing the homeland, either in current terms or ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10252 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Declarations under the National Emergencies Act, Part 1: Declarations Currently in Effect Updated February 28, 2019 On February 15, 2019, President Trump declared a national emergency under the National Emergencies Act to aid in the construction of physical barriers along the U.S. border with Mexico. Besides raising questions about whether a national emergency declaration can ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2019 |
Report No. IF11076 |
Title
Updated February 27, 2019 Overview of FY2019 Appropriations for the Census Bureau Introduction This In Focus presents an overview of FY2019 discretionary budget authority for the Census Bureau, including the FY2019 budget request, related congressional actions, and comparisons with FY2018 amounts. As a Department of Commerce agency, the bureau is funded through Departments of Commerce and Justice, ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10266 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Stock Buybacks: Background and Reform Proposals Jay B. Sykes Legislative Attorney February 27, 2019 In 2018, U.S. corporations announced plans to buyback a record $1.08 trillion of their own stock a trend that has attracted scrutiny and generated a number of legislative proposals designed to curb the practice s prevalence. This Legal Sidebar provides a general overview of the ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. R45554 |
Title
Considerations for Implementing a Small Business Disaster Grant Program February 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45554 SUMMARY Considerations for Implementing a Small Business Disaster Grant Program R45554 February 26, 2019 Bruce R. Lindsay Analyst in American Throughout the years, Congress has expressed interest and concern for businesses National ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. R43139 |
Title
Federal Disaster Assistance After Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Wilma, Gustav, and Ike Bruce R. Lindsay, Coordinator Analyst in American National Government Jared C. Nagel, Coordinator Senior Research Librarian Updated February 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43139 Federal Disaster Assistance After Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Wilma, Gustav, and Ike Summary This report ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. R44336 |
Title
Puerto Rico: CRS Experts and Products Steven Maguire, Coordinator Section Research Manager Updated February 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44336 Puerto Rico: CRS Experts and Products Puerto Rico s Fiscal Crisis1 Puerto Rico is in the midst of a fiscal crisis resulting from economic contraction, public sector debt, outmigration, and other factors.2 To address the crisis ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. R45533 |
Title
U.S. Constitutional Limits on State MoneyBail Practices for Criminal Defendants February 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45533 SUMMARY U.S. Constitutional Limits on State Money-Bail Practices for Criminal Defendants R45533 February 26, 2019 Alison M. Smith Money-bail systems allow criminal defendants to avoid prison while awaiting trial by posting a ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. IN11057 |
Title
INSIGHTi India, Pakistan, and the Pulwama Crisis Updated February 26, 2019 Overview On February 14, 2019, an explosives-laden SUV rammed into a convoy carrying paramilitary police in India s Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) state. At least 40 personnel were killed in the explosion. The suicide attacker was a member of Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), a Pakistan-based terrorist group that claimed responsibility for ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. IF10916 |
Title
Updated February 26, 2019 Iran: Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Nuclear Deal Overview On May 8, 2018, President Trump announced that the United States would cease implementing U.S. commitments under the 2015 multilateral Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with Iran. On November 5, 2018, at the end of a wind down period, all pre-JCPOA U.S. sanctions on foreign firms that ...
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| Date Feb. 26, 2019 |
Report No. IF11084 |
Title
Updated February 26, 2019 Redirecting Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Resources During National Emergencies In January 2019, news outlets reported that the Trump Administration was investigating redirecting U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) civil works funds to construct physical barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border. USACE is an agency in the Department of Defense (DOD) that performs both ...
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