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Report No.
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| Date April 22, 2019 |
Report No. IF11015 |
Title
Updated April 22, 2019 The 2020 Decennial Census: Overview and Issues What the Census Is and How the Data Are Used The census is a count, as nearly complete and accurate as possible, of every person whose usual residence is in the United States. Article I, Section 2, clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, as modified by Section 2 of the 14 th Amendment, requires a population census every 10 years, ...
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| Date April 19, 2019 |
Report No. R42647 |
Title
Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices Updated April 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42647 Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices Summary The program activities of most federal agencies are generally funded on an annual basis through the enactment of regular appropriations acts. When those annual appropriations ...
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| Date April 19, 2019 |
Report No. R45185 |
Title
Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes Updated April 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45185 SUMMARY Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes At the direction of Congress, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the Department of Defense (DOD) undertakes water ...
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| Date April 19, 2019 |
Report No. R41705 |
Title
The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Background and Congressional Issues Judith A. Johnson Specialist in Biomedical Policy Kavya Sekar Analyst in Health Policy Updated April 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R41705 SUMMARY The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Background and Congressional Issues The National Institutes of Health (NIH), under the Department of Health ...
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| Date April 19, 2019 |
Report No. IN11104 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Global Measles Vaccination Trends April 19, 2019 (IN11104) | Related Author Sara M. Tharakan | Sara M. Tharakan, Analyst in Global Health and International Development (stharakan@crs.loc.gov, 7-9040) Congress has long taken an interest in infectious disease prevention and control. Measles is a highly contagious virus that is transmitted through droplets emitted from an infected person ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. R45698 |
Title
Agricultural Conservation in the 2018 Farm Bill April 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45698 SUMMARY Agricultural Conservation in the 2018 Farm Bill The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill, P.L. 115-334, Title II) included a number of changes to agricultural conservation programs, including reauthorizing and amending existing programs, ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. R45451 |
Title
Clean Air Act Issues in the 116th Congress Updated April 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45451 {222A0E69-13A2-4985-84AE-73CC3DFF4D02}-R- ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. RL32589 |
Title
The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape Updated April 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32589 SUMMARY The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape RL32589 April 18, 2019 Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist in ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. IN11103 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Netanyahu's April 2019 Election Victory: Implications for Israel's Leadership and U.S. Policy April 18, 2019 (IN11103) | Related Author Jim Zanotti | Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jzanotti@crs.loc.gov, 7-1441) In elections held on April 9, 2019, the Likud party of Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu tied for the most Knesset (parliament) seats. Most observers ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. IN11102 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Brexit Extended April 18, 2019 (IN11102) | Related Author Derek E. Mix | Derek E. Mix, Analyst in European Affairs (dmix@crs.loc.gov, 7-9116) New Deadline Is End of October 2019 The departure of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), known as "Brexit," was originally scheduled for March 29, 2019. The UK House of Commons has repeatedly rejected the withdrawal agreement ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. IF11183 |
Title
April 18, 2019 Nuclear Cooperation: Part 810 Authorizations Secretary of Energy Rick Perry told Congress in late March that he had approved Part 810 authorizations for Saudi Arabia. Under U.S. law, nuclear-related exports require an export license or other authorization. The Atomic Energy Act (AEA) of 1954, as amended (P.L. 83-703; 42 U.S.C. 2153 et seq.), requires a peaceful nuclear cooperation ...
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| Date April 18, 2019 |
Report No. IF11182 |
Title
April 18, 2019 U.S. War Costs, Casualties, and Personnel Levels Since 9/11 Seventeen years have passed since the U.S. initiated major military operations following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. In the intervening period, operations first classified as Global War on Terror (GWOT) and later Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) have varied in scope. Though primarily focused on locations ...
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| Date April 17, 2019 |
Report No. R45696 |
Title
Forest Management Provisions Enacted in the 115th Congress April 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45696 SUMMARY Forest Management Provisions Enacted in the 115th Congress The 115th Congress enacted several provisions affecting management of the National Forest System (NFS), administered by the Forest Service (in the Department of Agriculture), and the lands ...
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| Date April 17, 2019 |
Report No. R45693 |
Title
Tax Equity Financing: An Introduction and Policy Considerations April 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45693 SUMMARY Tax Equity Financing: An Introduction and Policy Considerations This report provides an introduction to the general tax equity financing mechanism. The term tax equity investment describes transactions that pair the tax credits or other tax ...
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| Date April 17, 2019 |
Report No. R44052 |
Title
DHS Budget v. DHS Appropriations: Fact Sheet Updated April 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44052 DHS Budget v. DHS Appropriations: Fact Sheet significant portion of the Department of Homeland Security s (DHS s) budget is not fully reflected in the net discretionary spending level of the annual DHS appropriations act. Some components, such as the ...
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| Date April 16, 2019 |
Report No. R45697 |
Title
U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2019 April 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45697 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2019 R45697 April 16, 2019 This report uses the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) farm income Randy Schnepf projections (as of March 6, 2019) and agricultural trade outlook update (as of February Specialist in Agricultural 21, 2019) to ...
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| Date April 16, 2019 |
Report No. IN11101 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT International Criminal Court: U.S. Response to Examination of Atrocity Crimes in Afghanistan Updated April 16, 2019 (IN11101) | Related Author Matthew C. Weed | Matthew C. Weed, Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation (mweed@crs.loc.gov, 7-4589) On April 5, 2019, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo revoked the U.S. travel visa permitting International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor Fatou ...
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| Date April 16, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10289 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Drilling Under New Wyoming Leases on Hold as Judge Requires BLM to Reconsider Impacts on Climate Change Adam Vann Legislative Attorney April 16, 2019 A recent decision in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia Circuit has paused oil and gas exploration and production activity in certain leased areas of Wyoming and hinted at heightened requirements that the ...
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| Date April 16, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10288 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Making it a Priority: What Happens to Employee Claims When a Business Declares Bankruptcy? Kevin M. Lewis Legislative Attorney April 16, 2019 Workers are not immune from their employer s financial difficulties. Troubled companies commonly downsize their workforce, cut wages, and curtail employee benefits. Businesses on the brink of collapse may also lack the funds necessary to pay ...
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| Date April 15, 2019 |
Report No. R40864 |
Title
Presidential Terms and Tenure: Perspectives and Proposals for Change Updated April 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40864 Presidential Terms and Tenure: Perspectives and Proposals for Change Summary The President and Vice President s terms of office are prescribed by the Constitution and four of its amendments. Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution, ...
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| Date April 15, 2019 |
Report No. IN11100 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Military Electronic Warfare Research and Development: Recent Funding Projections April 15, 2019 The National Defense Strategy Commission identified Electronic Warfare (EW) as a critical capability to ensure the U.S. military remains competitive. In its FY2019 and FY2020 Defense Budget overview documents, the Department of Defense (DOD) identified EW as a priority to improve platform ...
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| Date April 15, 2019 |
Report No. R45691 |
Title
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Background and U.S. Policy April 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45691 SUMMARY Bosnia and Herzegovina: Background and U.S. Policy R45691 April 15, 2019 Sarah E. Garding Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter, Bosnia ) drew heavily on U.S. support after gaining Analyst in Balkan and Southeast Europe Affairs independence from Yugoslavia in ...
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| Date April 15, 2019 |
Report No. R41136 |
Title
Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive Vincent L. Morelli Section Research Manager Updated April 15, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R41136 SUMMARY Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive Four months into 2019, unification talks intended to end the division of Cyprus after 55 years as a politically separated nation and 45 years as a physically divided country have remained ...
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| Date April 15, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10284 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Balance Billing: Current Legal Landscape and Proposed Federal Solutions Wen S. Shen Legislative Attorney April 15, 2019 As several recent reports have publicized, some patients covered by private health insurance continue to receive surprise and often surprisingly high medical bills resulting from treatment by out-of-network providers. Through a practice known as balance billing, an ...
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| Date April 12, 2019 |
Report No. R45689 |
Title
FY2019 Defense Appropriations Act (P.L. 115245) Pat Towell Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget April 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45689 SUMMARY FY2019 Defense Appropriations Act (P.L. 115245) The FY2019 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, enacted as Division A of P.L. 115-245, provides $667.3 billion in new budget authority to fund all activities of ...
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| Date April 12, 2019 |
Report No. R45686 |
Title
The Postsecondary Undergraduate Population: Student Income and Demographics April 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45686 SUMMARY The Postsecondary Undergraduate Population: Student Income and Demographics R45686 April 12, 2019 Joselynn H. Fountain Analyst in Education Policy Since the 1950s and the creation of the first federal student aid programs, one aim ...
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| Date April 12, 2019 |
Report No. IN11099 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2020 Funding for Transit Could Be Decreased Due to Highway Trust Fund Law April 12, 2019 Unless legislative action is taken, formula funding for the federal transit program could be decreased by approximately $1 billion in FY2020, roughly 12% from the amount authorized in the Fixing America s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act (P.L. 114-94). This could lead to reductions in federal ...
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| Date April 12, 2019 |
Report No. R45685 |
Title
Title IX and Sexual Harassment: Private Rights of Action, Administrative Enforcement, and Proposed Regulations April 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45685 SUMMARY Title IX and Sexual Harassment: Private Rights of Action, Administrative Enforcement, and Proposed Regulations R45685 April 12, 2019 Jared P. Cole Legislative Attorney Title IX of the Education ...
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| Date April 12, 2019 |
Report No. IN11092 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Global Economy: Is Slower Growth Ahead? Updated April 12, 2019 (IN11092) | Related Authors James K. Jackson Andres B. Schwarzenberg | James K. Jackson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (jjackson@crs.loc.gov, 7-7751) Andres B. Schwarzenberg, Analyst in International Trade and Finance (aschwarzenberg@crs.loc.gov, 7-8953) Recent economic forecasts project a mild slowing ...
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| Date April 12, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10282 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Nielsen v. Preap: High Court Clarifies Application of Immigration Detention Statute to Criminal Aliens Hillel R. Smith Legislative Attorney April 12, 2019 Recently, the Supreme Court in Nielsen v. Preap interpreted provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) as mandating the detention pending removal proceedings of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who have committed certain ...
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| Date April 11, 2019 |
Report No. IF11173 |
Title
Updated April 11, 2019 Cooperative Security in the Middle East: History and Prospects Since mid-2017, Trump Administration officials have stated their intention to create a security pact of certain Arab states to counter regional threats, including Iran and terrorism. This arrangement, dubbed the Middle East Strategic Alliance (MESA), reportedly would not include formal mutual security guarantees, ...
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| Date April 10, 2019 |
Report No. 96-647 |
Title
Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations Updated April 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 96-647 Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations Summary The principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorized in the Clean Water Act (CWA). Established as a grant program in 1972, it ...
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| Date April 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF10955 |
Title
Updated April 10, 2019 Access to Broadband Networks: Net Neutrality The move to place restrictions on the owners of the networks that comprise and provide access to the internet, to ensure equal access and nondiscriminatory treatment, is referred to as net neutrality. While there is no single accepted definition of net neutrality most agree that any such definition should include the general ...
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| Date April 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF11176 |
Title
April 10, 2019 IRS Reform and the Taxpayer First Act of 2019 The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has two main statutory responsibilities: to collect most of the revenue needed to fund the federal government and to enforce federal tax laws and regulations. In FY2017, the agency processed 245.4 million tax returns and other documents, collected $3.4 trillion in gross revenue, and had a budget of $ ...
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| Date April 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11094 |
Title
Congressional Research Service 1 The Evolving Use of Disaster Housing Assistance and the Roles of the Disaster Housing Assistance Program (DHAP) and the Individuals and Households Program (IHP) April 9, 2019 For nearly one year following Hurricane Maria in 2017, some disaster survivors from Puerto Rico were housed in hotels/motels through the Federal Emergency Management Agency s (FEMA s) ...
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| Date April 9, 2019 |
Report No. IF10672 |
Title
Updated April 9, 2019 U.S. Military Presence on Okinawa and Realignment to Guam Introduction In recent years, the U.S. and Japanese governments have steadily strengthened key elements of the U.S.-Japan alliance, but have continued to struggle with how to manage the large-scale presence of U.S. troops in the southernmost Japanese prefecture of Okinawa. These challenges affect broader U.S. efforts ...
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| Date April 9, 2019 |
Report No. IN11093 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Iran's Revolutionary Guard Named a Terrorist Organization April 9, 2019 (IN11093) | Related Author Kenneth Katzman | Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (kkatzman@crs.loc.gov, 7-7612) Overview On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to name Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). Administration ...
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| Date April 9, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10201 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Do Courts Have Inherent Authority to Release Secret Grand Jury Materials? Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney Updated April 9, 2019 UPDATE 4/9/2019: On April 5, 2019, the three-judge panel in McKeever ruled that federal courts lack inherent authority to authorize the disclosure of grand jury matters in circumstances not covered by an explicit exception set out in Rule 6(e) of the ...
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| Date April 9, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10271 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Special Counsel s Report: Can Congress Get It? Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney Todd Garvey Legislative Attorney Updated April 9, 2019 UPDATE 4/9/2019: After this Sidebar was originally published, the Attorney General reported to Congress on March 24, 2019 that the Special Counsel had submitted a report concerning allegations that members of the presidential campaign of ...
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| Date April 8, 2019 |
Report No. IF11172 |
Title
April 8, 2019 Space Force and Related DOD Proposals: Issues for Congress Over the past year, Congress saw a variety of overlapping proposals advanced for the reorganization of U.S. military activities in space. Major proposals include the creation of a Space Force (SF), a new branch of the Armed Forces under the Secretary of the Air Force; the reestablishment of a United States Space Command as an ...
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| Date April 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45667 |
Title
Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act: Understanding Apportionments for States and Territories April 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45667 SUMMARY Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act: Understanding Apportionments for States and Territories R45667 April 5, 2019 R. Eliot Crafton Analyst in Natural Resources Policy The Federal Aid in Wildlife ...
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| Date April 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45668 |
Title
Multinational Species Conservation Fund: FY2020 Appropriations April 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45668 Multinational Species Conservation Fund: FY2020 Appropriations nternational species conservation is addressed by several funds, including those under the Multinational Species Conservation Fund (MSCF) and the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Fund ...
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| Date April 5, 2019 |
Report No. IF10668 |
Title
Updated April 5, 2019 Potential Implications of U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on Climate Change On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced his intent to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement (PA), an international accord to address climate change over the coming century. In a December 2018 meeting of the Parties, an official U.S. statement reiterated the intent to withdraw ...
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| Date April 5, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10281 |
Title
Congressional Research Service 1 SCOTUS: Yakama Treaty Travel Right Preempts Washington State s Fuels Tax M. Maureen Murphy Legislative Attorney April 5, 2019 On March 19, 2019, the Supreme Court, in Washington State Dep t of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc., (Cougar Den) held that the right-to-travel provision in a Yakama Indian treaty preempts application of a state motor fuels tax on a tribal ...
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| Date April 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45666 |
Title
Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property Law: A Legal Overview for the 116th Congress April 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45666 SUMMARY Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property Law: A Legal Overview for the 116th Congress Intellectual property (IP) rights play an important role in the development and pricing of pharmaceutical products such as prescription ...
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| Date April 4, 2019 |
Report No. R45665 |
Title
Civil Rights at School: Agency Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 April 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45665 SUMMARY Civil Rights at School: Agency Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 R45665 April 4, 2019 JD S. Hsin Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits federally funded programs, activities, and ...
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| Date April 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF11169 |
Title
April 4, 2019 Forest Service: FY2019 Appropriations and FY2020 Request The Forest Service (FS) is responsible for managing 193 million acres of land in the National Forest System (NFS); conducting forestry research; and providing assistance to state, local, private, and international forest owners. FS is an agency within the Department of Agriculture, yet it receives discretionary appropriations ...
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| Date April 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF11148 |
Title
Updated April 4, 2019 The Asia Reassurance Initiative Act (ARIA) of 2018 In December 2018, the 115th Congress passed, and President Trump signed into law, the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018 (ARIA; P.L. 115-409), which provides a broad statement of U.S. policy for the IndoPacific region. ARIA states, Without strong leadership from the United States, the international system, fundamentally ...
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| Date April 3, 2019 |
Report No. R45664 |
Title
Virtual Currencies and Money Laundering: Legal Background, Enforcement Actions, and Legislative Proposals April 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45664 SUMMARY Virtual Currencies and Money Laundering: Legal Background, Enforcement Actions, and Legislative Proposals R45664 April 3, 2019 Jay B. Sykes Legislative Attorney Law enforcement officials have described ...
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| Date April 3, 2019 |
Report No. IF11164 |
Title
April 3, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Title I Commodity Programs Background Commodity programs have historically been an essential part of U.S. farm policy by virtue of their long history (dating back to the 1930s) of providing various forms of revenue support. However, the specific program design and the list of eligible commodities have varied over time with changing market and policy conditions. ...
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