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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. R45778 |
Title
Exceptions to the Budget Control Act s Discretionary Spending Limits June 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45778 SUMMARY Exceptions to the Budget Control Act s Discretionary Spending Limits The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) established statutory limits on discretionary spending for FY2012-FY2021. There are currently separate annual limits for ...
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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. RL33531 |
Title
Land and Water Conservation Fund: Overview, Funding History, and Issues Updated June 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33531 Land and Water Conservation Fund: Overview, Funding History, and Issues Summary The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act of 1965 was enacted to help preserve, develop, and ensure access to outdoor recreation facilities to ...
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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. R45777 |
Title
Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act: Overview for Reauthorization in the 116th Congress June 19, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45777 SUMMARY Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act: Overview for Reauthorization in the 116th Congress R45777 June 19, 2019 Joel L. Greene The U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) collects Analyst in ...
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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. IN11135 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Trade Friction with China Intensifies June 19, 2019 Commercial relations between the United States and China are experiencing an increasing level of tension and uncertainty. In August 2017, the Trump Administration launched a Section 301 investigation of Chinese policies relating to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic ...
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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. IN11136 |
Title
INSIGHTi New Limitations on Federal Research Using Human Fetal Tissue Kavya Sekar Analyst in Health Policy June 19, 2019 On June 5, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced following an audit and review of all HHS research involving the use of human fetal tissue from elective abortions that the Administration has decided to discontinue intramural research (i.e., internal) ...
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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. IF11081 |
Title
Updated June 19, 2019 Burma s Prospects for Peace in 2019 The announcement on December 21, 2018, by Burma s Commander-in-Chief, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, of a unilateral ceasefire in eastern (but not western) Burma has raised many questions about prospects for ending the nation s long-standing civil war. Some observers viewed the announcement as a possible breakthrough for the stalled peace ...
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| Date June 19, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10311 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Vacates Another Opinion Applying Antidiscrimination Laws to Religious Objectors June 19, 2019 On June 17, 2019, in Klein v. Oregon Bureau of Labor & Industries, the Supreme Court vacated a state court decision rejecting an Oregon bakery s claim to a religious exemption from state antidiscrimination laws. The bakery s owners had refused to make a cake for a same-sex ...
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| Date June 18, 2019 |
Report No. TE10035 |
Title
Statement of Baird Webel Specialist in Financial Economics Before Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs U.S. Senate Hearing on The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program June 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10035 Congressional Research Service 1 Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member, and Members of the Committee, thank you for the ...
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| Date June 18, 2019 |
Report No. IN11134 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) for Childless Workers June 18, 2019 The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers. Because the credit is refundable, a worker need not owe federal income taxes to benefit from it. The EITC is the nation s largest cash anti-poverty program, with a tax year 2016 (returns filed in 2017) total of $66.7 billion ...
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| Date June 18, 2019 |
Report No. IF11252 |
Title
June 18, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Support for Local Food Systems Over the past decade, food policy in the United States has addressed ongoing shifts in consumer preferences and producer trends that favor local and regional foods. The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) combines and expands existing programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ...
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| Date June 14, 2019 |
Report No. R45659 |
Title
U.S. Farm Program Eligibility and Payment Limits Under the 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334) Updated June 14, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45659 SUMMARY U.S. Farm Program Eligibility and Payment Limits Under the 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334) Under the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334; 2018 farm bill), U.S. farm program participants whether ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. RL33740 |
Title
The U.S.-Japan Alliance Updated June 13, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33740 SUMMARY RL33740 The U.S.-Japan Alliance The U.S.-Japan alliance has long been an anchor of the U.S. security role in Asia and arguably a contributor to peace and prosperity in the region. Forged during the U.S. occupation of Japan after its defeat in World War II, the alliance ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. IN11132 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2020 Agriculture Appropriations: H.R. 3164 June 13, 2019 The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and in even-numbered fiscal years the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). (In the House, but not the Senate, appropriations jurisdiction for CFTC rests ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF11212 |
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Updated June 13, 2019 U.S.-Iran Tensions Escalate Overview U.S.-Iran tensions have escalated as the Trump Administration took several significant steps in its campaign of applying maximum pressure on Iran, and Iran responded. U.S. officials state that Iran-linked threats to U.S. forces and interests prompted the Administration to send additional military assets to the region. Yet, President Donald ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. IF10900 |
Title
Updated June 13, 2019 National Park Service: FY2019 Appropriations The National Park Service (NPS) administers the National Park System, which includes 419 units valued for their natural, cultural, and recreational importance and covers 85 million acres (roughly 81 million acres of federal land and 4 million acres of nonfederal land). NPS is part of the Department of the Interior and typically ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10308 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Extradition of U.S. Citizens June 13, 2019 Introduction The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit) recently refused to bar the extradition to the Czech Republic of a U.S. citizen, Ivo Knotek, who challenged his extradition on constitutional grounds. The federal international extradition process has several unusual aspects, but the Ninth Circuit case is ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. IN11113 |
Title
INSIGHTi Kazakhstan s Snap Presidential Election Met with Protests Maria A. Blackwood Analyst in Asian Policy Updated June 13, 2019 Overview Kazakhstan, an important U.S. partner in areas such as nuclear nonproliferation and counterterrorism, has embarked on an unprecedented process of political transition. On March 19, 2019, Nursultan Nazarbayev announced his resignation as president after almost ...
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| Date June 13, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10239 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Agreeing in Advance to Lose? Legal Considerations in Regulating Confessions of Judgment Updated June 13, 2019 UPDATE 6/13/19: Since the initial publication of this Sidebar, multiple governmental entities have expressed interest in examining confessions of judgment. First, the House Committee on Small Business has scheduled a hearing to explore the legalities of the practice, its use ...
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| Date June 12, 2019 |
Report No. R45767 |
Title
The Rebuild America s Schools Act of 2019 (H.R. 865/S. 266): In Brief Kyle D. Shohfi Analyst in Education Policy June 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45767 SUMMARY The Rebuild America s Schools Act of 2019 (H.R. 865/S. 266): In Brief R45767 June 12, 2019 Kyle D. Shohfi A 2014 study conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics within the U.S. Analyst in ...
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| Date June 12, 2019 |
Report No. IF10219 |
Title
Updated June 12, 2019 Opioid Treatment Programs and Related Federal Regulations The use of opioid medications to treat opioid addiction is subject to federal regulations beyond those that apply to the same medications used for other purposes (e.g., treating pain). The medications methadone and buprenorphine are both opioids; their use to treat opioid addiction is often called opioid substitution ...
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| Date June 11, 2019 |
Report No. IN11131 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Keystone XL Pipeline: The Saga Continues June 11, 2019 (IN11131) | Related Author Paul W. Parfomak | Paul W. Parfomak, Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy (pparfomak@crs.loc.gov, 7-0030) On March 29, 2019, President Trump issued a new Presidential Permit for the proposed Keystone XL Pipeline, superseding the prior Presidential Permit issued by the U.S. State Department in ...
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| Date June 10, 2019 |
Report No. R43482 |
Title
Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations Updated June 10, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43482 Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding Summary Funding in annual appropriations acts is for a designated fiscal year unless otherwise specified. Federal agencies that ...
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| Date June 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF11247 |
Title
June 10, 2019 The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act: Legal Framework Overview Congress enacted the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) in 1977 to eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors by rendering particular types of collection activities unlawful. This In Focus provides an overview of some of the FDCPA s most salient provisions and identifies pertinent legal ...
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| Date June 10, 2019 |
Report No. IF11046 |
Title
Updated June 10, 2019 The Gambia The Gambia ( Gambia ) is a small West African country almost entirely surrounded by Senegal. It underwent a historic transition of power after longtime authoritarian leader Yahya Jammeh unexpectedly lost an election in December 2016. A brief political crisis over Jammeh s refusal to step down was resolved when a regional military intervention forced Jammeh into ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45736 |
Title
The Economic Effects of the 2017 Tax Revision: Preliminary Observations Updated June 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45736 SUMMARY The Economic Effects of the 2017 Tax Revision: Preliminary Observations R45736 June 7, 2019 Jane G. Gravelle The 2017 tax revision, P.L. 115-97, often referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and referred Senior Specialist in ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. ME-ARMS |
Title
MEMORANDUM June 7, 2019 Subject: Emergency Arms Sales to the Middle East: Context and Legislative History From: Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator of Research Planning, cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 70428 Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 This memorandum was prepared to ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. ZZZ37B522F87B4EAB5E |
Title
MEMORANDUM June 7, 2019 Subject: Emergency Arms Sales to the Middle East: Context and Legislative History From: Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator of Research Planning, cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 70428 Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 This memorandum was prepared to ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. M20190607 |
Title
MEMORANDUM June 7, 2019 Subject: Emergency Arms Sales to the Middle East: Context and Legislative History From: Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator of Research Planning, cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 70428 Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687 Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs, cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719 This memorandum was prepared to ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10291 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Frequently Asked Questions about the Julian Assange Charges Updated June 7, 2019 UPDATE: On May 23, 2019, a grand jury returned a superseding indictment adding 17 charges against Assange for allegedly violating the Espionage Act. While the new counts arise out of the same underlying factual events as the original indictment, charging Assange under the Espionage Act implicates ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. R43870 |
Title
Congressional Roll Call Votes on the Keystone XL Pipeline Lynn J. Cunningham Senior Research Librarian Updated June 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43870 Congressional Roll Call Votes on the Keystone XL Pipeline Summary TransCanada s proposed Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil sands crude from Canada and shale oil produced in North Dakota and Montana to a market ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. IF11245 |
Title
June 7, 2019 FY2019 Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture On June 3, 2019, Congress passed H.R. 2157 (FY2019 supplemental), which authorized supplemental appropriations for new and existing agricultural programs at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), among other assistance. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the FY2019 supplemental totals more than $19.1 billion in ...
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| Date June 7, 2019 |
Report No. IF11244 |
Title
June 7, 2019 FY2020 National Security Space Budget Request: An Overview Congress may choose to approve, reject, or modify the FY2020 President s budget request for National Security Space (NSS), which includes $14.1 billion for space launches, satellites, and other activities. The request also includes funding to begin the process of establishing a U.S. Space Force as the sixth branch of the armed ...
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| Date June 6, 2019 |
Report No. R44620 |
Title
Biologics and Biosimilars: Background and Key Issues Agata Dabrowska Analyst in Health Policy Updated June 6, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44620 Biologics and Biosimilars: Background and Key Issues Summary A biological product, or biologic, is a preparation, such as a drug or a vaccine, that is made from living organisms. Compared with conventional chemical drugs, ...
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| Date June 6, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10306 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Liability for Content Hosts: An Overview of the Communication Decency Act s Section 230 June 6, 2019 Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, enacted as part of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA), broadly protects online service providers like social media companies from being held liable for transmitting or taking down user-generated content. In part because of this ...
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| Date June 6, 2019 |
Report No. IF10441 |
Title
Updated June 6, 2019 Broadband Deployment: Status and Federal Programs Broadband whether delivered via fiber, cable modem, mobile or fixed wireless, copper wire, or satellite is increasingly the technology underlying telecommunications services such as voice, video, and data. Since the initial deployment of high-speed internet in the late 1990s, broadband technologies have been deployed throughout ...
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| Date June 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11130 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT President Trump's Possible Tariffs on Mexican Goods: Potential Economic Effects June 6, 2019 (IN11130) | Related Author M. Angeles Villarreal | M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (avillarreal@crs.loc.gov, 7-0321) On May 30, 2019, President Trump issued a statement that he would be invoking authorities granted to him by the International Emergency ...
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| Date June 6, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10307 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Corporate Drug Trafficking Liability a New Legal Front in the Opioid Crisis June 6, 2019 The opioid epidemic represents a public health crisis in the United States, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reporting that overdoses on prescription and non-prescription opioids claimed a record 47,600 lives in 2017. In April 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) opened ...
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| Date June 5, 2019 |
Report No. R44321 |
Title
Diversity, Inclusion, and Equal Opportunity in the Armed Services: Background and Issues for Congress Updated June 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44321 SUMMARY Diversity, Inclusion, and Equal Opportunity in the Armed Services: Background and Issues for Congress R44321 June 5, 2019 Kristy N. Kamarck Specialist in Military Manpower Under Article 1, Section 8 ...
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| Date June 5, 2019 |
Report No. IF11241 |
Title
June 5, 2019 The Legal Framework of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA or the Act) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) aims to protect threatened and endangered fish, wildlife, and plants from extinction. In its findings, Congress recognized the esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value that threatened and endangered species ...
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| Date June 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11128 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The 2019 European Parliament Elections June 5, 2019 (IN11128) | Related Author Kristin Archick | Kristin Archick, Specialist in European Affairs (karchick@crs.loc.gov, 7-2668) Between May 23 and 26, 2019, the 28 member states of the European Union (EU) held elections for the 751 members of the next European Parliament (EP). The only directly elected EU institution, the EP represents ...
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| Date June 5, 2019 |
Report No. IF10858 |
Title
Updated June 5, 2019 Iran and Israel: Tension Over Syria Iranian military operations in support of the Syrian government since 2011 have exacerbated longstanding tensions between Iran and Israel. These tensions have worsened considerably since late 2016 as Iran has helped Syria s government regain key territory, and in turn has sought a more permanent military presence in Syria. Israeli officials ...
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| Date June 3, 2019 |
Report No. R45747 |
Title
Vehicle Electrification: Federal and State Issues Affecting Deployment June 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45747 SUMMARY Vehicle Electrification: Federal and State Issues Affecting Deployment Most of the 270 million cars, trucks, and buses on U.S. highways are powered by internal combustion engines using gasoline or diesel fuel. However, improvements in ...
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| Date June 3, 2019 |
Report No. R45749 |
Title
War Legacy Issues in Southeast Asia: Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) June 3, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45749 SUMMARY Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) in Southeast Asia: War Legacy Issues and U.S. Relations More than 40 years after the end of the Vietnam War, unexploded ordnance (UXO) from numerous conflicts, but primarily dropped by U.S. forces over Cambodia, Laos, ...
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| Date June 3, 2019 |
Report No. IN10853 |
Title
INSIGHTi What Causes a Recession? Updated June 3, 2019 At 120 months in June, the current economic expansion is now tied with the longest in U.S. history. As can be seen in Figure 1, previous expansions vary greatly in length but have recently been longer. Dating back to the 1850s, only five have lasted over five years, including the last three. This expansion, like all previous ones, will ...
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| Date June 3, 2019 |
Report No. IN11125 |
Title
INSIGHTi Measles Outbreaks, Vaccine Hesitancy, and Federal Policy Options Updated June 3, 2019 As of May 31, 2019, 981 cases of measles across 26 U.S. states have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the highest annual number of measles cases since 1992 (with no deaths reported). Figure 1 shows annual measles cases in the past 10 years. Measles is a highly ...
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| Date June 3, 2019 |
Report No. IF10983 |
Title
Updated June 3, 2019 WTO Disciplines on U.S. Domestic Support for Agriculture Trade is critical to the U.S. agricultural sector: Exports account for about 20% of total U.S. agricultural production. Some commodities such as cotton, wheat, and soybeans have export shares of nearly 50% or greater. As a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United States has committed to abide by WTO rules ...
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| Date May 31, 2019 |
Report No. R43301 |
Title
Programs Available to Unemployed Workers Through the American Job Center Network Updated May 31, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43301 Programs Available to Unemployed Workers Through the American Job Center Network Summary Many federally funded programs that assist unemployed workers are co-located and coordinated through state and locally run American Job ...
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| Date May 31, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10302 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Preemptive Strike: Does Federal Law Displace State Regulation of Student Loan Servicers? May 31, 2019 The United States is responsible for a large portfolio of student loans. According to recent statistics from the U.S. Department of Education (ED), almost $1.5 trillion in federal student loans presently remains outstanding. For many years, the federal government s role with respect ...
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| Date May 31, 2019 |
Report No. IN11126 |
Title
INSIGHTi New Round of Farm Trade Aid Proposed by Administration for 2019 Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy May 31, 2019 On May 23, 2019, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced that it will take several actions in 2019 to assist farmers in response to continued economic damage from trade retaliation and trade disruption in international agricultural markets. These actions ...
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| Date May 31, 2019 |
Report No. IN11127 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Arms Sales to the Middle East: Trump Administration Uses Emergency Exception in the Arms Export Control Act Jeremy M. Sharp, Coordinator Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Christopher M. Blanchard Coordinator of Research Planning Clayton Thomas Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs May 31, 2019 Overview On May 24, 2019, the Trump Administration formally notified Congress of immediate ...
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