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| Date Feb. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IN11035 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Department of Homeland Security Human Resources Management Updated February 8, 2019 (IN11035) | Related Author Barbara L. Schwemle | Barbara L. Schwemle, Analyst in American National Government (bschwemle@crs.loc.gov, 7-8655) Human resources management (HRM) underlies the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) mission and performance. DHS's Chief Human Capital Officer (CHCO) "is ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10256 |
Title
Legal Sidebari President Encourages Agencies to Buy American-Produced Goods & Materials David H. Carpenter Legislative Attorney February 8, 2019 On January 31, 2019, the President signed the Strengthening Buy-American Preferences for Infrastructure Projects, Executive Order 13858 (EO 13858), which is designed to encourage federal agencies to use, to the maximum extent permissible under law, ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2019 |
Report No. IF11101 |
Title
February 8, 2019 Electrification May Disrupt the Automotive Supply Chain Introduction The global market for vehicle electrification is expanding. In 2018, more than 1.7 million plug-in and battery electric vehicles were sold worldwide, a nearly 40% increase over 2017. These account for about 2% of all passenger vehicle sales, both worldwide and in the United States. Demand for electric vehicles is ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45492 |
Title
Water Resource Issues in the 116th Congress Nicole T. Carter Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Pervaze A. Sheikh Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy Eva Lipiec Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Anna E. Normand Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Updated February 7, 2019 ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2019 |
Report No. R45494 |
Title
Medicare Advantage (MA) Proposed Benchmark Update and Other Adjustments for CY2020: In Brief February 7, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45494 Medicare Advantage (MA) Proposed Benchmark Update and Other Adjustments Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2019 |
Report No. IF10489 |
Title
Updated February 7, 2019 Congressional Franked Mail: Overview Background Official mail, sometimes referred to as franked mail, allows Members of Congress to transmit mail matter under their signature, or frank, without prepayment for postage. Members ability to send franked mail facilitates official communication between elected officials and their constituents. Although franked mail does not ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. R45491 |
Title
Science and Technology Issues in the 116th Congress February 6, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45491 SUMMARY Science and Technology Issues in the 116th Congress Science and technology (S&T) have a pervasive influence over a wide range of issues confronting the nation. Public and private research and development spur scientific and technological advancement. ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. RL31055 |
Title
House Offset Amendments to Appropriations Bills: Procedural Considerations Updated February 6, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31055 House Offset Amendments to Appropriations Bills: Procedural Considerations Summary One of the most common methods for changing spending priorities in appropriations bills on the House floor is through offset amendments. House ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. DOD-EMERG |
Title
Background: Using Defense Funds for Construction in a National Emergency February 6, 2019 DOD Context Two Presidents have invoked the NEA and cited Title 10 U.S.C. 2808 to carry out otherwise unauthorized construction with military construction funds: Operation Desert Shield, EO 12734 of November 14, 1990 9/11, EO 13235 of November 16, 2001. Under this, the president was required and able to renew ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. M20190206 |
Title
Background: Using Defense Funds for Construction in a National Emergency February 6, 2019 DOD Context Two Presidents have invoked the NEA and cited Title 10 U.S.C. 2808 to carry out otherwise unauthorized construction with military construction funds: Operation Desert Shield, EO 12734 of November 14, 1990 9/11, EO 13235 of November 16, 2001. Under this, the president was required and able to renew ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11034 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT El Salvador's 2019 Elections February 6, 2019 (IN11034) | Related Author Clare Ribando Seelke | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (cseelke@crs.loc.gov, 7-5229) On February 3, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old former mayor of San Salvador and candidate of the Grand Alliance of National Unity (GANA) party, won El Salvador's presidential election. Bukele garnered ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IN11024 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Venezuela: U.S. Recognizes Interim Government Updated February 6, 2019 (IN11024) | Related Author Clare Ribando Seelke | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (cseelke@crs.loc.gov, 7-5229) Many in Congress are closely following events in Venezuela, given recent political developments that have led the United States and other governments to recognize an interim ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2019 |
Report No. IF10924 |
Title
Updated February 6, 2019 Title Transfer for Bureau of Reclamation Facilities The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI), was established to implement the Reclamation Act of 1902. As amended, this act authorizes the construction and operations of water resource projects for irrigation and other purposes in the 17 arid states west of the ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2019 |
Report No. R45488 |
Title
LNG as a Maritime Fuel: Prospects and Policy February 5, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45488 SUMMARY LNG as a Maritime Fuel: Prospects and Policy The combination of growing liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies and new requirements for less polluting fuels in the maritime shipping industry has heightened interest in LNG as a maritime fuel. The use of LNG as an ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2019 |
Report No. IN11025 |
Title
INSIGHTi Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-253) and U.S. Aid for the Palestinians Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Updated February 5, 2019 The Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act (ATCA, P.L. 115-253) became law on October 3, 2018. Congress passed the law in the wake of a U.S. federal court case dealing with past acts of terrorism by Palestinians (discussed below, ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF11092 |
Title
February 4, 2019 Foodborne Illnesses and Outbreaks from Fresh Produce The produce industry continues to be associated with a series of foodborne illness outbreaks across multiple U.S. states and Canada, resulting in hundreds of illnesses and hospitalizations, as well as kidney failure and death in some cases. Many in Congress have expressed concern that foodborne illness outbreaks are continuing ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF11091 |
Title
February 4, 2019 2019 Tax Filing Season (2018 Tax Year): Itemized Deductions P.L. 115-97, often referred to as The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), temporarily changed some personal income tax deductions taxfilers will claim for tax years 2018 through 2026. This In Focus explains the changes made to itemized deductions in P.L. 115-97 and their potential impacts. For more details about the changes ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10254 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Is the Trump Administration Rethinking Title VI? JD S. Hsin Legislative Attorney February 4, 2019 Late last year, the Trump Administration s Federal Commission on School Safety (the Commission) wrapped up work on its final report, outlining its proposals to help prevent tragedies like last year s mass shooting in Parkland, FL, that prompted the Commission s formation. By and large ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2019 |
Report No. IF11093 |
Title
February 4, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Veteran Farmers and Ranchers The enacted 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) provides additional support for U.S. military veterans transitioning into agriculture by expanding on programs authorized in the 2014 farm bill (Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79). Programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11032 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Evaluating Possible U.S. Troop Withdrawals from Hostile Areas February 1, 2019 (IN11032) | Related Author Kathleen J. McInnis | Kathleen J. McInnis, Specialist in International Security (kmcinnis@crs.loc.gov, 7-1416) On December 19, 2018, President Trump announced his intention to withdraw U.S. forces from Syria within 30 days, although Administration officials subsequently suggested ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN11031 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The U.S. Intelligence Community: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress Updated February 1, 2019 (IN11031) | Related Author Michael E. DeVine | Michael E. DeVine, Analyst in Intelligence and National Security (medevine@crs.loc.gov, 7-1126) Intelligence support of homeland security is a primary mission of the entire Intelligence Community (IC). In fulfilling this mission, ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2019 |
Report No. IN10985 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT U.S. Withdrawal from the INF Treaty Updated February 1, 2019 (IN10985) | Related Author Amy F. Woolf | Amy F. Woolf, Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy (awoolf@crs.loc.gov, 7-2379) U.S. Withdrawal The United States will suspend its obligations under the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty and submit its formal notice of withdrawal to Russia on February 2, 2019. President ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2019 |
Report No. R44001 |
Title
Introducing a House Bill or Resolution Mark J. Oleszek Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated January 31, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44001 Introducing a House Bill or Resolution Summary Authoring and introducing legislation is fundamental to the task of representing voters as a Member of Congress. In fact, part of what makes the American political ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2019 |
Report No. R45482 |
Title
Background Ozone: Challenges in Science and Policy January 31, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45482 SUMMARY Background Ozone: Challenges in Science and Policy R45482 January 31, 2019 Tammy M. Thompson Analyst in Environmental Exposure to ozone, a common air pollutant, has been linked to early death, plant and Policy crop damage, and damage to property. The ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2019 |
Report No. R45481 |
Title
Affirmative Action and Equal Protection in Higher Education Updated January 31, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45481 SUMMARY Affirmative Action and Equal Protection in Higher Education When federal courts have analyzed and addressed affirmative action in higher education, they have done so in two distinct but related senses, both under the Fourteenth ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2019 |
Report No. IN11030 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Drug Trafficking at the Southwest Border: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress Updated January 31, 2019 (IN11030) | Related Author Kristin Finklea | Kristin Finklea, Specialist in Domestic Security (kfinklea@crs.loc.gov, 7-6259) The United States sustains a multi-billion dollar illegal drug market. An estimated 28.6 million Americans, or 10.6% of the population age 12 or ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10250 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Executive Branch Ethics and Financial Conflicts of Interest: Disqualification Cynthia Brown Legislative Attorney January 31, 2019 Newly proposed legislation in the 116th Congress concerns government ethics reform, including conflicts of interest among executive branch officials. Federal officials have a basic duty not to allow private gain to influence their government service, ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10249 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Reexamining the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan Defense to Insider Trading Nicole Vanatko Legislative Attorney January 31, 2019 Earlier this week, the House of Representatives passed the Promoting Transparent Standards for Corporate Insiders Act (H.R. 624) by a vote of 413-3. Previously included as part of the JOBS and Investor Confidence Act of 2018 (S. 488), which passed the House of ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2019 |
Report No. R45485 |
Title
Fifth-Generation (5G) Telecommunications Technologies: Issues for Congress January 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45485 SUMMARY Fifth-Generation (5G) Telecommunications Technologies: Issues for Congress Since the first mobile phones were made available in the 1980s, telecommunication providers have been investing in mobile networks to expand coverage, ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2019 |
Report No. IF11087 |
Title
January 30, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: SNAP and Nutrition Title Programs The Nutrition title of the farm bill typically reauthorizes a number of nutrition or domestic food assistance programs. These include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly the Food Stamp Program) and certain other programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) Food and ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2019 |
Report No. IN11026 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT New Law Requires Agencies to Report on Outstanding IG Recommendations Updated January 28, 2019 (IN11026) | Related Author Kathryn A. Francis | Kathryn A. Francis, Analyst in Government Organization and Management (kfrancis@crs.loc.gov, 7-2351) On January 3, 2019, President Donald Trump signed into law the Good Accounting Obligation in Government Act (GAO-IG Act), which requires agency ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2019 |
Report No. IF11088 |
Title
January 30, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Hemp Cultivation and Processing The enacted 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) includes a number of provisions that facilitate the commercial cultivation, processing, marketing, and sale of industrial hemp in the United States. It expands upon hemp-related provisions enacted in the 2014 farm bill (Agricultural Act of 2014, ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2019 |
Report No. R45489 |
Title
Recent Migration to the United States from Central America: Frequently Asked Questions Jill H. Wilson, Coordinator Analyst in Immigration Policy Updated January 29, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45489 SUMMARY Recent Migration to the United States from Central America: Frequently Asked Questions Over the last decade, migration to the United States from Central America in ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2019 |
Report No. IF11085 |
Title
January 29, 2019 China s Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agricultural Products United States and Chinese officials are engaged in talks to resolve a trade conflict that began in 2018 and resulted in the imposition of tariff hikes by the two countries on each other s goods. The outcome of the talks could affect U.S. agricultural and food exports. President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2019 |
Report No. IN11027 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Trump Administration's National Strategy for Counterterrorism: Overview and Comparison to the Prior Administration January 29, 2019 (IN11027) | Related Author John W. Rollins | John W. Rollins, Specialist in Terrorism and National Security (jrollins@crs.loc.gov, 7-5529) On October 4, 2018, President Trump released his Administration's first National Strategy for Counterterrorism. ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2019 |
Report No. IN11028 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Emergency Communications: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress Updated January 29, 2019 (IN11028) | Related Author Jill C. Gallagher | Jill C. Gallagher, Analyst in Telecommunications Policy (jgallagher@crs.loc.gov, 7-1024) Overview First responders and other emergency personnel use emergency communications systems to communicate with each other during day-to-day operations ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10248 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Notable Administrative Law Developments from 2018 January 29, 2019 Last year featured a host of significant developments in the realm of administrative law, from the Trump Administration s continued deregulatory efforts to one (now former) Supreme Court Justice s call to reconsider the foundational Chevron doctrine. Some developments from 2018, however, may be of particular interest ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2019 |
Report No. RL30666 |
Title
The Role of the House Minority Leader: An Overview Updated January 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30666 The Role of the House Minority Leader: An Overview Summary The House minority leader, the head of the loyal opposition, is elected every two years by secret ballot of his or her party caucus or conference. The minority leader occupies a number of ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2019 |
Report No. LSB10225 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Do Secret Sales Trigger the On-Sale Bar to Patentability under the America Invents Act? Updated January 25, 2019 UPDATE (January 25, 2019): On January 22, 2019, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in Helsinn Healthcare S.A. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Inc. Justice Thomas s opinion for a unanimous Court held that a commercial sale of an invention to a third party who is required to keep ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2019 |
Report No. IF11095 |
Title
January 24, 2019 U.S. Oil Imports, Exports, and Energy Security In December 2015, P.L. 114-113 lifted restrictions on U.S. exports of crude oil, allowing U.S. exporters full access to world oil markets. The restrictions had been in effect for 40 years. Lifting the export restrictions addressed the changing nature of U.S. oil supply which is characterized by growing output of light oil. Due to the ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2019 |
Report No. IN11023 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT A Possible Second U.S.-North Korea Summit: What Diplomacy Has and Hasn't Achieved January 23, 2019 (IN11023) | Related Authors Mark E. Manyin Emma Chanlett-Avery | Mark E. Manyin, Specialist in Asian Affairs (mmanyin@crs.loc.gov, 7-7653) Emma Chanlett-Avery, Specialist in Asian Affairs (echanlettavery@crs.loc.gov, 7-7748) Summary of January 2018-January 2019 Developments In late ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2019 |
Report No. IF10350 |
Title
Updated January 23, 2019 The Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran The Kurds of the Middle East are an ethnonational group distinct from other peoples of the region. They share strong historical, cultural, and interactive bonds across countries, and are one of the largest groups without control of a state. Despite shared ties, Kurds differ from one another along linguistic, political, and ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2019 |
Report No. R45120 |
Title
Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues in the 115th Congress Updated January 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45120 {222A0E69-13A2-4985-84AE-73CC3DFF4D02}-R- ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2019 |
Report No. R45463 |
Title
Economics of Federal User Fees January 22, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45463 SUMMARY Economics of Federal User Fees R45463 January 22, 2019 The federal government collects various fees from businesses and households. Choosing to raise public funds via user fees, as opposed to other means such as taxes, has important administrative D. Andrew Austin and ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2019 |
Report No. IN11019 |
Title
INSIGHTi The U.S. Army and Multi-Domain Operations January 17, 2019 What Are Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)? According to the Army: Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) describes how the U.S. Army, as part of the joint force [Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines] can counter and defeat a near-peer adversary capable of contesting the U.S. in all domains [air, land, maritime, space, and cyberspace] in both ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2019 |
Report No. IN11018 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Brexit Deal Rejected: What Now? January 17, 2019 (IN11018) | Related Author Derek E. Mix | Derek E. Mix, Analyst in European Affairs (dmix@crs.loc.gov, 7-9116) Draft Agreement Fails to Gain Support On January 15, 2019, the United Kingdom's (UK's) House of Commons rejected a draft agreement on the terms of the country's withdrawal from the European Union (EU) by a vote of 432-202. Prime ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2019 |
Report No. IF11075 |
Title
January 17, 2019 FDA and Drug Prices: Facilitating Access to Generic Drugs A variety of proposals to address high drug prices have been introduced in legislation and by the Trump Administration in its blueprint to lower drug prices. According to a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analysis, the price of a drug is associated with the number of generic manufacturers on the market. As such, absent ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2019 |
Report No. R45462 |
Title
Freight Issues in Surface Transportation Reauthorization January 16, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45462 SUMMARY Freight Issues in Surface Transportation Reauthorization R45462 January 16, 2019 Ben Goldman Economic growth and expanded global trade have led to substantial increases in goods movement Analyst in Transportation Policy over the past few decades. ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2019 |
Report No. IF11071 |
Title
January 16, 2019 Armenia s Velvet Revolution In December 2018, snap parliamentary elections strengthened the legitimacy of Armenia s new prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, who came to power in May 2018 in what supporters called a velvet revolution. The elections unseated a semi-autocratic ruling party that had governed Armenia for almost 20 years but now failed to enter parliament. Armenia, a small, ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2019 |
Report No. IF11073 |
Title
January 16, 2019 The SEC s Best Interest Proposal for Advice Given by BrokerDealers Introduction In April 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proposed a change to the standard of care imposed on broker-dealers giving investment advice to retail investors. As described further below, broker-dealers are generally required to provide investment advice that is suitable for their clients ...
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