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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. R46299 |
Title
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act: CRS Experts William L. Painter Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations Diane P. Horn Analyst in Flood Insurance and Emergency Management April 1, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46299 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES) Act: CRS Experts The following two tables provide points of ...
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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. R46305 |
Title
DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2021 William L. Painter Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations April 1, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46305 {222A0E69-13A2-4 985-84AE-73 CC3D FF4D02}--1650 952341 600811 730562 231870 010660 671661 76251 207223 102109 046213 014008 000137 009031 053128 098004 151029 079144 158145 092054 121147 226057 110039 211209 038105 232177 ...
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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11266 |
Title
INSIGHTi Senior Nutrition Programs Response to COVID-19 Updated April 1, 2020 Many older adults rely on federally funded programs that provide nutrition and other supportive services in order to live independently in their communities. Amidst the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults as well as those with certain chronic conditions are at higher risk for severe illness ...
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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11302 |
Title
INSIGHTi Support for Homeless Youth in the Context of COVID-19: A Brief Overview Adrienne L. Fernandes-Alcantara Specialist in Social Policy April 1, 2020 The federal government provides targeted support for homeless teens and young adults primarily through the Runaway and Homeless Youth (RHY) program, administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). As part of the federal ...
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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11175 |
Title
For some in Congress, "technical corrections" to the 2017 tax revision (commonly known as the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act," or TCJA; P.L. 115-97) have been a legislative priority. It is not always clear, however, what is strictly a "technical correction." This Insight highlights provisions that have been widely discussed as "technical corrections" to the 2017 tax revision, starting with provisions in ...
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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11246 |
Title
Global oil prices have declined nearly 60% since January 2020 (see Figure 1). Following a brief period of geopolitically-driven upward price pressure resulting from events in Iraq and Libya, world oil supply/demand balances were projected to be oversupplied by the second quarter of 2020. Reduced travel and other economic impacts related to the evolving COVID-19 outbreak are suppressing near-term ...
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| Date April 1, 2020 |
Report No. IF11482 |
Title
April 1, 2020 Retirement and Pension Provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) Congress provides a variety of tax incentives for employers to offer retirement plans and for individuals to save for their retirement. In addition, a number of restrictions exist to ensure that retirement funds are used for retirement purposes. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and ...
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| Date March 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11244 |
Title
A growing number of cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been identified in the United States, significantly impacting many communities. For background on the coronavirus, see CRS In Focus IF11421, COVID-19: Global Implications and Responses , by Sara M. Tharakan et al. While this situation is evolving rapidly, the economic impact may be large due to illnesses, quarantines, and other ...
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| Date March 31, 2020 |
Report No. IF11480 |
Title
March 31, 2020 Overview: The Department of Defense and COVID-19 The Department of Defense (DOD) is one of many U.S. government agencies participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-led COVID-19 national response framework. As developments unfold, interest has grown regarding what DOD might be able to contribute to the U.S. government s COVID-19 response. On March 24, 2020, ...
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| Date March 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11250 |
Title
INSIGHTi USDA Domestic Food Assistance Programs Response to COVID-19: P.L. 116-127, P.L. 116136, and Related Efforts Randy Alison Aussenberg Specialist in Nutrition Assistance Policy Kara Clifford Billings Analyst in Social Policy Updated March 31, 2020 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) programs are often part of emergency response efforts, providing program ...
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| Date March 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11259 |
Title
Coronavirus (COVID-19) has created significant economic disruption. In response, the Federal Reserve (Fed) has taken a number of steps to promote economic and financial stability involving the Fed's monetary policy and "lender of last resort" roles. Some of these actions are intended to stimulate economic activity by reducing interest rates and others are intended to provide liquidity to financial ...
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| Date March 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11293 |
Title
INSIGHTi Public Transportation and Amtrak Funding in the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) March 30, 2020 On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES) Act (P.L. 116136) was signed into law. Included in the act is a $25 billion appropriation from the general fund of the U.S. Treasury for public transportation agencies and another $1 billion for Amtrak. This emergency ...
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| Date March 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11288 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and the Defense Industrial Base: DOD Response and Legislative Considerations Heidi M. Peters Analyst in U.S. Defense Acquisition Policy Updated March 30, 2020 The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a defense industrial base (DIB) for the products and services that enable DOD s warfighting capabilities. The DIB includes private-sector commercial companies ranging in size from ...
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| Date March 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10436 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19: International Trade and Access to Pharmaceutical Products March 30, 2020 As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues, governments and the private sector have begun assessing the possibility of developing medical countermeasures (e.g., vaccines, antiviral treatments) to improve patient recovery rates and contain the virus s spread. Some Members of Congress have ...
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| Date March 30, 2020 |
Report No. IF11478 |
Title
March 30, 2020 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Safe Harbor Provisions for Online Service Providers: A Legal Overview In 1998, Congress enacted the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), Pub. L. No. 105-304, to usher copyright law into the digital era. The ease and efficiency of digital copying and distribution seemingly threatened to increase infringing activity and undermine the rights ...
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| Date March 30, 2020 |
Report No. IF11481 |
Title
March 30, 2020 Burma s Military Blocks Constitutional Amendments In mid-March, Burma s military, the Tatmadaw, blocked several constitutional amendments introduced in Burma s Union Parliament. The amendments, proposed by State Councilor Aung San Suu Kyi and her political party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), would have reduced the military s role in government. The Tatmadaw s opposition ...
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| Date March 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10437 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Courts and COVID-19 March 30, 2020 The spread of the respiratory disease COVID-19 has prompted far-reaching responses affecting many areas of American life. As Americans strive to practice social distancing to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus that causes the disease, the United States federal courts have implemented various measures designed to protect litigants, jurors ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. R44185 |
Title
Federal Reserve: Emergency Lending Marc Labonte Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy Updated March 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44185 Federal Reserve: Emergency Lending Summary The 2007-2009 financial crisis led the Federal Reserve (Fed) to revive an obscure provision found in Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 344) to extend credit to nonbank ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. R46292 |
Title
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Processing Changes Due to COVID-19: In Brief Kathleen E. Marchsteiner Research Librarian Meghan M. Stuessy Analyst in Government Organization and Management March 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46292 SUMMARY Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Processing Changes Due to COVID-19: In Brief As federal agencies adjust their operations in ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF11472 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2020 Withdrawals and Loans from Retirement Accounts for COVID19 Expenses The economic repercussions of COVID-19 could reduce Americans economic security; in response, individuals may view their retirement accounts as a source of funds to help meet current expenses. They may be able to withdraw from their defined contribution (DC) retirement accounts (such as 401(k) plans, 403(b) ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. IN11285 |
Title
INSIGHTi Fostering Behavior Change During Disease Outbreaks: Insights from Ebola Response in Africa Alexis Arieff Specialist in African Affairs Tomas F. Husted Analyst in African Affairs Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs March 27, 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted governments worldwide to seek to change behaviors on a mass scale to stem new infections. (Click here for CRS resources ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF11476 |
Title
March 27, 2020 COVID-19: Response of the Oil and Gas Pipelines Sector The spread of the novel coronavirus and the measures put in place to control it are impacting U.S. oil and natural gas pipelines a critical infrastructure sector. Pipelines are essential not only in providing liquid fuel for transportation and natural gas for consumer and industrial uses, but also as a critical source of fuel ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF11456 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2020 Disrupted Federal Elections: Policy Issues for Congress Introduction S. 1397 would require states to accept a federal write-in The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has renewed interest in how election administrators and political campaigns prepare for emergencies and natural disasters. Some states have postponed primary elections. Political campaigns have ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10435 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Federal Reserve s Legal Authorities for Responding to the Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Updated March 27, 2020 The COVID-19 coronavirus has upended financial markets and the real economy. As the virus has spread, businesses across the country have closed their doors, major stock indexes have lost over a quarter of their value, and debt and commodity markets have experienced ...
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| Date March 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10434 |
Title
Legal Sidebari COVID-19 Response: Constitutional Protections for Private Property March 27, 2020 As communities respond to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the interests of governments and property owners may clash. Governments have an interest in controlling spread of the disease, providing testing and treatment, and helping individuals and businesses cope with widespread ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. R45974 |
Title
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2020 Appropriations Jim Monke Specialist in Agricultural Policy Updated March 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45974 SUMMARY Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2020 Appropriations The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. R46294 |
Title
Demographic and Social Characteristics of Persons in Poverty: 2018 Joseph Dalaker Analyst in Social Policy March 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46294 Demographic and Social Characteristics of Persons in Poverty: 2018 Summary This report provides a snapshot of the characteristics of the poor in the United States in 2018. It shows that people from families whose income ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. R46291 |
Title
The Employment-Based Immigration Backlog March 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46291 SUMMARY The Employment-Based Immigration Backlog Currently in the United States, almost 1 million lawfully present foreign workers and their family members have been approved for, and are waiting to receive, lawful permanent resident (LPR) status (a green card). This ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. R45584 |
Title
Data Flows, Online Privacy, and Trade Policy Updated March 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45584 SUMMARY Data Flows, Online Privacy, and Trade Policy Cross-border data flows refers to the movement or transfer of information between computer servers across national borders. Such data flows enable people to transmit information for online communication, track ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. 96-452 |
Title
Voting and Quorum Procedures in the Senate Updated March 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 96-452 Voting and Quorum Procedures in the Senate Summary The Constitution states that a Majority of each [House] shall constitute a quorum to do business. The Senate presumes that it is complying with this requirement and that a quorum is always present unless and until ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. IN11270 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Estimated Impact of Recovery Rebates in H.R. 748 on Family Incomes Conor F. Boyle Analyst in Social Policy Jameson A. Carter Research Assistant Updated March 26, 2020 H.R. 748 (CARES Act), as passed by the Senate on March 25, 2020, includes many provisions designed to provide emergency relief to the economy in response to the effects of the ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. IN11283 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Regulation of Public Drinking Water Elena H. Humphreys Analyst in Environmental Policy Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy March 26, 2020 During infectious disease outbreaks, questions regarding public water supplies may emerge, as a safe and adequate water supply is a key component to protecting public health. As the United States and other countries respond to ...
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| Date March 26, 2020 |
Report No. IN11284 |
Title
Since the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States, public officials have issued numerous emergency directives closing non-essential businesses and facilities and instructing nonessential workers to stay home. However, these directives have generally included exemptions for essential businesses and other facilities if they are part of a critical infrastructure ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. IN11280 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Industrial Mobilization and Defense Production Act (DPA) Implementation March 25, 2020 On March 18, President Trump issued Executive Order 13909, Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID 19, which announced the President s invocation of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. IN11276 |
Title
INSIGHTi Comparison of the FY2020 and FY2021 Precision-Guided Munitions Procurement Requests March 25, 2020 Precision-guided munitions (PGMs) have become an important capability for the Department of Defense (DOD). Recent operations, including counter-insurgency and counterterrorism missions, have demonstrated a high demand for all types of PGMs, which DOD defines as a guided weapon intended to ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. R46285 |
Title
Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-123): First Coronavirus Supplemental Kavya Sekar, Coordinator Analyst in Health Policy Agata Dabrowska Analyst in Health Policy Bruce R. Lindsay Analyst in American National Government Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Karen E. Lynch Specialist in Social Policy Emily M. Morgenstern ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10432 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Resolving Subpoena Disputes Between the Branches: Potential Impacts of Restricting the Judicial Role March 25, 2020 An en banc panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) is set to consider what could turn out to be one of the circuit s more consequential decisions on congressional power. In Committee on the Judiciary v. McGahn, the ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. R46119 |
Title
Cloud Computing: Background, Status of Adoption by Federal Agencies, and Congressional Action Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist in Internet and Telecommunications Policy Updated March 25, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46119 SUMMARY Cloud Computing: Background, Status of Adoption by Federal Agencies, and Congressional Activities R46119 March 25, 2020 Patricia Moloney ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10429 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Full D.C. Circuit to Consider Whether Committees Can Enforce Congressional Subpoenas in Court March 25, 2020 Although legal disputes between the executive and legislative branches of the federal government periodically lead to litigation, federal courts sometimes hesitate to adjudicate such disputes because deciding whether a coordinate branch of government has broken the law can ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. IF11473 |
Title
March 25, 2020 Congressional Use of Advisory Commissions Following Crises Throughout U.S. history, Congress has used advisory commissions to assist in the development of public policy. Among other contexts, commissions have been used following crisis situations, including the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Advisory commissions can provide Congress with a potential high-visibility forum to ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. IN11275 |
Title
U.S. companies are carrying record levels of debt to finance their operations and growth (Figure 1). Corporate debt largely consists of bonds and, to a lesser extent, leveraged loans, bank loans, and other liabilities. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary regulator overseeing the debt capital markets. In recent years, financial authorities have become increasingly vocal ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10431 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Babb v. Wilkie: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act and Mixed Motives March 25, 2020 Can a federal employee claim age discrimination whenever age bias is one factor in an employment decision, or must she show that the employer would have made a different decision but for her age? The Supreme Court is to take up this question in Babb v. Wilkie as the latest turn in a decades- ...
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| Date March 25, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10430 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Section 1135 Waivers and COVID-19: An Overview March 25, 2020 In response to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in the United States, both Congress and the Trump Administration have acted to confront the challenges of providing health care to sick patients. These efforts have included the provision of certain regulatory flexibilities for health care entities under Section ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46283 |
Title
The Take Responsibility for Workers and Families Act: Division T Revenue Provisions March 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46283 The Take Responsibility for Workers and Families Act: Division T Revenue Provisions number of recently introduced legislative proposals seek to alleviate the adverse economic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. One such proposal, the ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46282 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs: Caregiver Support Jared S. Sussman Analyst in Health Policy March 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46282 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs: Caregiver Support The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have presented a new challenge for the United States as servicemembers returned from combat with serious injuries that may have been fatal ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11274 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2020 Defense Reprogrammings for Wall Funding: Backgrounder March 24, 2020 On February 13, 2020, the Department of Defense (DOD) transferred $3.8 billion from defense procurement programs to the Army Operation and Maintenance account for use by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for the construction of 31 additional barrier projects along the southern border of the United States. ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11271 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congressional Oversight Provisions in P.L. 116-127, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act Ben Wilhelm Analyst in Government Organization and Management March 24, 2020 President Donald Trump signed P.L. 116-127 (H.R. 6201), the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, on March 18, 2020. The act provides supplemental appropriations for nutrition assistance programs and public health ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11277 |
Title
In response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, some in Congress have suggested using the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program as a vehicle for providing financial relief to states and communities. Congress has regularly instituted a special variant of CDBG for long-term disaster recovery, known as CDBG-Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR). This Insight considers the potential role ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11294 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Summary of the 2020 Economic Assistance Payments in H.R. 6379, the Take Responsibility for Workers and Families Act Margot L. Crandall-Hollick Acting Section Research Manager March 24, 2020 The Take Responsibility for Workers and Families Act (H.R. 6379), introduced in the House on Monday, March 23, 2020, proposes direct payments to individuals ...
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| Date March 24, 2020 |
Report No. IF11320 |
Title
Updated March 24, 2020 Money Market Mutual Funds: A Financial Stability Case Study A money market mutual fund (MMF) is a mutual fund that under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 2a7 can invest only in high-quality, short-term debt securities, such as U.S. Treasury bills or commercial paper (a type of corporate debt). MMFs are commonly considered as safe alternatives to bank deposits, ...
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