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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. R42002 |
Title
Attempt: An Abbreviated Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42002 Attempt: An Abbreviated Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary Attempt is the incomplete form of some other underlying offense. Unlike state law, federal law does not feature a general attempt statute. Instead, federal law outlaws the attempt to ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. R46354 |
Title
COVID-19 and China: A Chronology of Events (December 2019-January 2020) Updated May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46354 SUMMARY COVID-19 and China: A Chronology of Events (December 2019-January 2020) R46354 May 13, 2020 Susan V. Lawrence Specialist in Asian Affairs In Congress, multiple bills and resolutions have been introduced related to China s ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11253 |
Title
INSIGHTi Domestic Public Health Response to COVID-19: Current Status Updated May 13, 2020 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting communities throughout the United States, with total case counts growing daily. More than 1.3 million cases, including more than 82,000 deaths, have been reported in the United States. Containment and mitigation efforts by federal, state, and local ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. RL33010 |
Title
Australia: Background and U.S. Relations Updated May 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33010 Australia: Background and U.S. Relations Summary The Commonwealth of Australia and the United States enjoy a close alliance relationship. Australia shares many cultural traditions and values with the United States and has been a treaty ally since the signing of the ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11388 |
Title
This Insight discusses the current and projected effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the U.S. economy. For effects on the world economy, see CRS Report R46270, Global Economic Effects of COVID-19, coordinated by James K. Jackson. The economic impacts of COVID-19 since March 2020 have been large and dramatic, with impact disparities between various sectors and regions. In ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10464 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Rules That Lawful Permanent Residents May Be Treated as Inadmissible Under Cancellation of Removal Statute May 13, 2020 A non-U.S. national (alien) admitted into the United States as a lawful permanent resident (LPR) enjoys certain benefits that other classes of aliens do not. For instance, an LPR may remain in the United States permanently, work in the United States ...
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| Date May 13, 2020 |
Report No. IN11389 |
Title
In March 2020, the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD's) Office of the Inspector General (OIG) released a report of findings from its audit of the Puerto Rico Department of Housing's (PRDOH; also known as Departamento de la Vivienda, or Vivienda) capacity to administer funds under the Community Development Block Grant program for disaster recovery (CDBG-DR). The audit assessed (1) ...
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| Date May 12, 2020 |
Report No. RL34292 |
Title
Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade Updated May 12, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34292 Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade Summary This report provides background on intellectual property rights (IPR) and discusses the role of U.S. international trade policy in enhancing IPR protection and enforcement abroad. IPR are legal ...
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| Date May 12, 2020 |
Report No. R45056 |
Title
CRS Products and Experts on North Korea Mark E. Manyin Specialist in Asian Affairs Updated May 12, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45056 CRS Products and Experts on North Korea orth Korea has posed one of the most persistent U.S. foreign policy challenges of the post-Cold War period. With recent advances in its nuclear and missile capabilities under leader Kim Jong-un, ...
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| Date May 12, 2020 |
Report No. IN11299 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: The Employee Retention Tax Credit Updated May 12, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) includes an employee retention payroll tax credit intended to help businesses retain employees during the Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, public health emergency. Employee retention remains a policy concern, as a number of economic sectors ...
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| Date May 12, 2020 |
Report No. IN11384 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Postal Service Financial Condition and Title VI of the CARES Act May 12, 2020 In its latest response to concerns about the financial condition of the United States Postal Service (USPS), Congress added a provision to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136, Section 6001) expanding USPS s authority to borrow from the Treasury. This comes at a ...
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| Date May 12, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10462 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Faithless Elector Challenge Goes to Supreme Court May 12, 2020 On May 13, 2020, the Supreme Court is set to hear two cases, Chiafalo v. Washington and Colorado Department of State v. Baca, that could determine how much power states have to control the presidential selection process in the Electoral College. As a formal matter, the Constitution provides that state legislatures shall ...
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| Date May 12, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10463 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Presidential Objections to Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery Reporting Requirements May 12, 2020 President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act or Act) on March 27, 2020. But when doing so, he issued a signing statement identifying his constitutional concerns with provisions that he viewed as either infringing on executive ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. R46353 |
Title
COVID-19: Overview of FY2020 LHHS Supplemental Appropriations Karen E. Lynch Specialist in Social Policy Jessica Tollestrup Specialist in Social Policy May 11, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46353 SUMMARY R46353 Overview of COVID-19 FY2020 LHHS Supplemental Appropriations May 11, 2020 The legislative response to the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. R45989 |
Title
Community Bank Leverage Ratio (CBLR): Background and Analysis of Bank Data David W. Perkins Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy Updated May 11, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45989 SUMMARY Community Bank Leverage Ratio (CBLR): Background and Analysis of Bank Data Capital allows banks to withstand losses (to a point) without failing, and regulators require banks to hold ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. R45350 |
Title
Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation Robert S. Kirk Specialist in Transportation Policy William J. Mallett Specialist in Transportation Policy Updated May 11, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45350 SUMMARY Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation For many years, federal surface transportation programs were funded almost entirely from taxes ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. IN11383 |
Title
Many businesses across all sectors are experiencing disruption and incurring losses from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The pandemic has stirred a debate among insurers, policyholders, and other stakeholders about who will be responsible for the losses that companies face from widespread shutdowns. This Insight will focus on efforts at the federal level to address business ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. IN11382 |
Title
One of the most significant challenges currently facing businesses is the loss of revenue as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent stay-at-home orders. Businesses across all sectors are incurring losses, and those with business interruption insurance (BI) are submitting claims to their insurers. However, both individual insurance carriers and the industry as a whole have ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. IF11545 |
Title
May 11, 2020 Overview of Federally Certified Long-Term Care Facilities Long-term care facilities (LTCFs), commonly referred to as nursing homes, provide services to those who require skilled nursing care over a short period of time for recuperation or rehabilitation after an acute illness or injury, often referred to as post-acute care. LTCFs also provide continuous care for an extended period, ...
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| Date May 11, 2020 |
Report No. IN11381 |
Title
INSIGHTi Low Oil Prices May Trigger Certain Tax Benefits, but Not Others Molly F. Sherlock Specialist in Public Finance Phillip Brown Specialist in Energy Policy May 11, 2020 Benchmark crude oil prices such as U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) have steeply declined since January 2020. Oil market oversupply, the result of COVID-19 travel restrictions and increased global supply levels in March and ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. R46347 |
Title
COVID-19, U.S. Agriculture, and USDA s Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP) May 8, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46347 SUMMARY COVID-19, U.S. Agriculture, and USDA s Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP) As COVID-19 has spread throughout the United States, it has reduced domestic economic activity and disrupted domestic and international supply ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. R45795 |
Title
U.S.-Iran Conflict and Implications for U.S. Policy Updated May 8, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45795 SUMMARY U.S.-Iran Conflict and Implications for U.S. Policy Since May 2019, U.S.-Iran tensions have heightened significantly, and evolved into conflict after U.S. military forces killed Qasem Soleimani, the commander of the Iran s Islamic Revolutionary Guard ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. R46002 |
Title
Military Funding for Border Barriers: Catalogue of Interagency Decisionmaking Christopher T. Mann Analyst in Defense Policy and Trade Sofia Plagakis Research Librarian Updated May 8, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46002 SUMMARY Military Funding for Border Barriers: Catalogue of Interagency Decisionmaking The Department of Defense (DOD, or the Department) has contributed $ ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. R46348 |
Title
COVID-19: Supply Chain Disruptions in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry: In Brief May 8, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46348 COVID-19: Supply Chain Disruptions in the U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry: In Brief he U.S. fruit and vegetable industry entered 2020 following a difficult 2019 characterized by both lower prices and reduced production in some ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. IF11491 |
Title
Updated May 8, 2020 Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture and Related Agencies Due to COVID-19 In March and April 2020, Congress passed and the President signed four supplemental appropriations acts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (P.L. 116-123, P.L. 116-127, P.L. 116-136, and P.L. 116-139; Table 1). This In Focus summarizes over $36 billion of appropriations and policy changes in the ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10461 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Legislation Shielding Businesses and Individuals from Tort Liability: A Legal and Historical Overview May 8, 2020 When a person believes that he or she has sustained an injury because of someone else s negligent or wrongful conduct, the injured party can potentially file a tort lawsuit seeking money damages from the alleged wrongdoer. In recent months, many plaintiffs have ...
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| Date May 8, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10326 |
Title
Legal Sidebari High Court Tosses Bridgegate Convictions Updated May 8, 2020 Update: On May 7, 2020, a unanimous Supreme Court threw out the federal fraud convictions of two former New Jersey officials whose politically motivated scheme redirected access to toll lanes on the George Washington Bridge between New Jersey and New York leading to gridlock. The federal fraud statutes at issue condemn ...
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| Date May 7, 2020 |
Report No. R46346 |
Title
Medicaid Recession-Related FMAP Increases May 7, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46346 SUMMARY Medicaid Recession-Related FMAP Increases Medicaid is jointly financed by the federal government and the states. States incur Medicaid costs by making payments to service providers (e.g., for doctor visits) and performing administrative activities (e.g., making ...
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| Date May 7, 2020 |
Report No. R46339 |
Title
Unauthorized Immigrants Eligibility for COVID-19 Relief Benefits: In Brief Updated May 7, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46339 Unauthorized Immigrants Eligibility for COVID-19 Relief Benefits: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 ...
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| Date May 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11541 |
Title
May 7, 2020 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): EPA and State Actions Many fluorinated and chlorinated substances, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are potent greenhouse gases (GHGs). Multiple scientific assessments conclude that anthropogenic GHGs (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO2], HFCs, and CFCs) have been a major driver of observed climate change since 1950. Recent ...
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| Date May 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11539 |
Title
May 7, 2020 Wildfires and Hurricanes Indemnity Program (WHIP) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a suite of programs that assists farmers and ranchers with recovering from a natural disaster. Most of these programs are permanently authorized and receive funding from mandatory sources. In recent years, Congress has supplemented these programs with additional assistance, often ...
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| Date May 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11540 |
Title
May 7, 2020 The Mortgage Interest Deduction The mortgage interest deduction is of interest to policymakers due to its association with homeownership. The mortgage interest deduction is also of interest because it is one of the largest tax benefits available to homeowners in terms of forgone federal tax revenue. For 2020, the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimates that the deduction will ...
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| Date May 6, 2020 |
Report No. IN11377 |
Title
INSIGHTi Mortgage Servicing Rights and Selected Market Developments May 6, 2020 After a single-family mortgage has been originated, a mortgage servicer receives a fee to perform various administrative tasks collecting and remitting the principal and interest payments to the mortgage lender; managing the borrower s escrow account; processing the loan title once paid in full; and administering loss ...
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| Date May 6, 2020 |
Report No. IF11537 |
Title
May 6, 2020 Intelligence Community Support to Pandemic Preparedness and Response Introduction Congressional interest in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes understanding its origins, how it evolved into a global pandemic, and the effectiveness of measures to mitigate its impact on communities. Multiple government agencies are involved in responding to these queries both domestically and ...
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| Date May 6, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10460 |
Title
Legal Sidebari BIA s New Take on Taking Land into Trust for Indians May 6, 2020 The Department of the Interior (DOI) recently released Solicitor s Opinion M-37055 and new guidance on taking land into trust under Section 5 of the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of 1934. The IRA is the major law under which the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) acquires land in trust for the benefit of federally ...
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| Date May 5, 2020 |
Report No. R43215 |
Title
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions Updated May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43215 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) Summary The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) had numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health ...
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| Date May 5, 2020 |
Report No. R41554 |
Title
Transportation Spending Under an Earmark Ban Updated May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41554 SUMMARY Transportation Spending Under an Earmark Ban In the 112th Congress (2011-2012), the House and Senate began observing a moratorium on earmarks. Earmarks formally known as congressionally directed spending directed a significant amount of federal ...
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| Date May 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46312 |
Title
Forest Carbon Primer Updated May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46312 SUMMARY Forest Carbon Primer The global carbon cycle is the process by which the element carbon moves between the air, land, ocean, and Earth s crust. The movement of increasing amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, particularly as greenhouse gases, is the dominant contributor to the ...
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| Date May 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46349 |
Title
North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020 May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46349 North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chronology ...
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| Date May 5, 2020 |
Report No. R46343 |
Title
Transportation Infrastructure Investment as Economic Stimulus: Lessons from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46343 SUMMARY Transportation Infrastructure Investment as Economic Stimulus: Lessons from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 R46343 May 5, 2020 William J. Mallett Specialist in ...
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| Date May 5, 2020 |
Report No. IF11534 |
Title
May 5, 2020 Judiciary Budget Request, FY2021 Overview The FY2021 judiciary budget request totals $8.56 billion. This total includes $7.82 billion in discretionary funds (an increase of 4.4% over the FY2020 enacted level), and $739.7 million in mandatory funding, which is used to pay the salaries and benefits of judges. The judiciary also uses nonappropriated funds to offset its appropriations ...
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| Date May 4, 2020 |
Report No. R46342 |
Title
COVID-19: Role of the International Financial Institutions May 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46342 SUMMARY COVID-19: Role of the International Financial Institutions The international financial institutions (IFIs), including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and regional and specialized multilateral development banks, are mobilizing ...
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| Date May 4, 2020 |
Report No. IF11523 |
Title
Updated May 4, 2020 Health Insurance Options Following Loss of Employment Many Americans have health insurance coverage that is provided through an employment setting. In light of the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, many Americans may lose the jobs through which they receive health insurance. Such individuals may need to identify another source of health insurance to remain ...
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| Date May 4, 2020 |
Report No. IF11533 |
Title
May 4, 2020 Modifying or Ending Sales of U.S.-Origin Defense Articles The U.S. government has in law a number of mechanisms by which it can alter or end the sales of U.S.-origin defense articles when foreign countries misuse such items. Arms Export Control Act and Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 The Arms Export Control Act (AECA; P.L. 90-629, as amended; 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and the Foreign ...
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| Date May 4, 2020 |
Report No. IF10633 |
Title
Updated May 4, 2020 Older Americans Act: Nutrition Services Program Introduction The Nutrition Services Program, authorized under Title III of the Older Americans Act (OAA), provides grants to states and U.S. territories to support nutrition services programs for seniors. As stipulated in the law, the purposes of the program are to (1) reduce hunger and food insecurity, (2) promote the ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. R46340 |
Title
Federal Response to COVID-19: Department of Veterans Affairs Sidath Viranga Panangala, Coordinator Specialist in Veterans Policy Jared S. Sussman, Coordinator Analyst in Health Policy Cassandria Dortch Specialist in Education Policy Victoria L. Elliott Analyst in Health Policy Jonathan M. Gaffney Legislative Attorney Libby Perl Specialist in Housing Policy Heather M. Salazar Analyst in Veterans ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11372 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Prior Practice of Proxy Voting in House Committee May 1, 2020 In order to increase physical distancing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the House scheduled consideration of a resolution during the week of April 20, 2020, that would have temporarily authorized the use of proxy voting on the chamber floor. Speaker Nancy Pelosi subsequently indicated that consideration of the ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11374 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and Larger Borrowers: Oversight Efforts and Options for Congress May 1, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created PPP loans to provide short-term, economic relief to businesses eligible to participate in the SBA s 7(a) loan guarantee program, and any business (including self-employed individuals or ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11376 |
Title
INSIGHTi Noncitizens and Eligibility for the 2020 Recovery Rebates May 1, 2020 Some policymakers have expressed concern that certain individuals, including some immigrants (referred to as noncitizens, foreign nationals, or aliens in law and throughout this Insight), are ineligible for direct payments under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). The ...
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| Date May 1, 2020 |
Report No. IN11333 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 and the Indian Health Service Updated May 1, 2020 The Indian Health Service (IHS) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the lead federal agency charged with improving the health of American Indians and Alaska Natives. In FY2019, IHS provided health care to approximately 2.6 million eligible American Indians/Alaska Natives. Its total FY2020 annual ...
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