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| Date Aug. 11, 2020 |
Report No. R46416 |
Title
Forecasting Tropical Cyclones: Overview and Issues for Congress Updated August 11, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46416 SUMMARY Forecasting Tropical Cyclones: Overview and Issues for Congress Timely tropical cyclone forecasts can provide early and accurate warnings to parts of the R46416 August 11, 2020 Eva Lipiec Analyst in Natural Resources Policy U.S. ...
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| Date Aug. 11, 2020 |
Report No. IN11480 |
Title
INSIGHTi C te d Ivoire s October 2020 Presidential Elections August 11, 2020 On August 6, President Alassane Ouattara (WAH-tah-rah) of C te d Ivoire declared that he would run for a third term in presidential elections scheduled for October 31. The announcement confirmed weeks of speculation that Ouattara would seek reelection following the death, on July 8, of his prime minister and favored ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2020 |
Report No. IN11162 |
Title
INSIGHTi PHMSA s Pipeline Safety Reauthorization: Funding Issues Updated August 10, 2020 Introduction The federal pipeline safety program is administered by the Department of Transportation s (DOT s) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), working with state pipeline safety regulators. Together, the federal and state agencies regulate the safety of the nation s hazardous ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10532 |
Title
Legal Sidebari President Trump s Executive Actions on Student Loans, Wage Assistance, Payroll Taxes, and Evictions: Initial Takeaways August 10, 2020 In enacting the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Stability Act (CARES Act), Congress provided relief to those confronting economic hardship as a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Certain CARES Act protections related to ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2020 |
Report No. IN11478 |
Title
INSIGHTi Understanding the Second-Quarter Fall in GDP August 10, 2020 On June 8, 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an independent, nonprofit research group, officially declared that the U.S. economy entered a recession in February of this year. On July 31, the U.S. Department of Commerce s Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released estimates that the economy, as measured by ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2020 |
Report No. IN11479 |
Title
INSIGHTi Section 174 and Investment in Research and Development August 10, 2020 In determining their taxable income, companies are allowed to deduct all ordinary and necessary expenses they pay or incur in generating gross income. Those expenses can be current (purchases of inputs with useful lives of less than one year, such as materials and labor compensation) or capital (purchases of assets ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2020 |
Report No. IF11615 |
Title
August 7, 2020 The Social Security Trust Funds and the Budget Social Security, a self-financing program, is the federal government s single largest program in terms of the number of people affected (i.e., covered workers and beneficiaries) and its finances (i.e., receipts and expenditures). This In Focus provides an overview of the Social Security trust funds and describes their status within the ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2020 |
Report No. IN11477 |
Title
INSIGHTi Fiscal and Monetary Policy Initiatives by Major Economies to Address COVID-19 August 7, 2020 Overview In response to the pandemic-related collapse in global economic growth in the first half of 2020, national governments, central banks, and international organizations adopted unprecedented fiscal, monetary, and other measures to stabilize financial markets and stimulate growth. The policy ...
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| Date Aug. 7, 2020 |
Report No. IN11396 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Enforcement Discretion Policy Updated August 7, 2020 On June 29, 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that it would terminate its temporary policy, COVID-19 Implications for EPA s Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Program, on August 31, 2020. EPA issued the policy on March 26, 2020, outlining how it would exercise ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46479 |
Title
Social Security: Economic Growth and the Funding Shortfall August 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46479 SUMMARY Social Security: Economic Growth and the Funding Shortfall The Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, commonly known as Social Security, is facing a projected financial shortfall. The program provides monthly benefits to ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2020 |
Report No. R46378 |
Title
CARES Act Education Stabilization Fund: Background and Analysis Updated August 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46378 SUMMARY CARES Act Education Stabilization Fund: Background and Analysis On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. Included in the act was the Education ...
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| Date Aug. 6, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10530 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Could the President or Congress Enact a Nationwide Mask Mandate? August 6, 2020 As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases continue to rise in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has called on Americans to wear non-medical cloth face masks in public settings and when social distancing measures are difficult to maintain. According to the CDC, the ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2020 |
Report No. IF11612 |
Title
August 5, 2020 Privatized Adversary Air Combat Training With U.S. military services looking to alleviate shortages of pilots and publicly admitting shortages in readiness, the Navy, Marines, and Air Force have begun to contract out some kinds of pilot training specifically the live simulation of enemy aircraft. This trend, coupled with the worldwide rise in available military jets as air forces ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2020 |
Report No. R45922 |
Title
Tax Issues Relating to Charitable Contributions and Organizations Updated August 4, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45922 SUMMARY Tax Issues Relating to Charitable Contributions and Organizations The federal government supports the charitable sector by providing charitable organizations and donors with favorable tax treatment. Individuals itemizing deductions ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2020 |
Report No. IF11280 |
Title
Updated August 4, 2020 U.S. Military Presence in Poland Introduction Poland has been a major focus of U.S. and NATO efforts to deter potential Russian aggression in Europe. This is due in part to its geographic location on NATO s eastern flank, providing land access to the Baltic States. Although Ukraine is not a NATO ally, the Russian occupation of Ukraine s Crimea region in 2014 and subsequent ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IF11262 |
Title
Updated August 3, 2020 USDA s ReConnect Broadband Pilot Program Congress established the Rural e-Connectivity Pilot Program (also known as ReConnect) in the FY2018 consolidated appropriations act. ReConnect provides loan and grant funding to eligible entities to deploy broadband internet service in eligible rural areas. The U.S. Department of Agriculture s Rural Utilities Service (RUS) administers ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2020 |
Report No. R46473 |
Title
China s National Security Law for Hong Kong: Issues for Congress Updated August 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46473 SUMMARY China s National Security Law for Hong Kong: Issues for Congress On June 30, 2020, China s National People s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed a national security law (NSL) for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ( ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IF11609 |
Title
August 3, 2020 Contact Tracing for COVID-19: Domestic Policy Issues Contact tracing is a classic tool of public health investigation used to identify the close contacts of persons infected with a communicable disease, notify them of potential exposure, and enable control measures such as quarantining exposed persons. Contact tracing programs are generally subject to state, territorial, tribal, and ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2020 |
Report No. R46475 |
Title
The Community Development Block Grant s Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) Component: Background and Issues August 3, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46475 SUMMARY The Community Development Block Grant s Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) Component: Background and Issues CDBG-DR is an abbreviation used to refer to supplemental appropriations for disaster recovery ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2020 |
Report No. IF10185 |
Title
Updated August 3, 2020 Ethiopia Ethiopia is Africa s oldest independent state and its second most populous country. It hosts the headquarters of the African Union (AU) and is the world s largest troop contributor to U.N. peacekeeping operations, with forces deployed in U.N. missions in neighboring Sudan and South Sudan, and in Somalia as part of a multinational effort to counter the Al Qaeda ...
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| Date July 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11476 |
Title
INSIGHTi Operation Legend: Department of Justice Assistance to Curb Increases in Violent Crime July 31, 2020 On July 22, 2020, Attorney General (AG) William Barr announced that the Department of Justice (DOJ) was expanding Operation Legend which started in Kansas City, MO, on July 8, 2020 to Chicago, IL, and Albuquerque, NM. As a part of Operation Legend, DOJ plans to send agents from the Federal ...
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| Date July 31, 2020 |
Report No. IN11407 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Resources for Tracking Federal Spending Updated July 31, 2020 Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with various legislation providing relief to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. This Insight provides selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief funding provided ...
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| Date July 31, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10545 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Declarations Under the National Emergencies Act in Effect July 31, 2020 This Sidebar the first of a two-part series identifying declarations issued under the National Emergencies Act, provides a Table identifying national emergency declarations that are currently in effect as of July 31, 2020 (the companion Sidebar, identifying declarations no longer in effect, can be found here). ...
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| Date July 31, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10546 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Declarations Under the National Emergencies Act No Longer in Effect July 31, 2020 This Sidebar the second of a two-part series identifying declarations issued under the National Emergencies Act, provides a Table identifying national emergency declarations that are no longer in effect as of July 31, 2020 (the companion Sidebar, identifying declarations that remain in effect, can be ...
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| Date July 31, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10529 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Law Enforcement and the Portland Protests: Legal Considerations July 31, 2020 During the spring and summer of 2020, protests in response to the death of George Floyd erupted in major cities across the country. Responding to a perceived failure by state and local officials to control the protests, President Trump threatened to take action by, for example, deploying the ...
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| Date July 30, 2020 |
Report No. R46472 |
Title
Comparing the Congressional Response to the Great Recession and the COVID-19-Related Recession: Unemployment Insurance (UI) Provisions July 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46472 SUMMARY Comparing the Congressional Response to the Great Recession and the COVID-19-Related Recession: Unemployment Insurance (UI) Provisions In response to recent economic ...
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| Date July 30, 2020 |
Report No. RL32838 |
Title
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions, 96th-114th Congresses Updated July 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32838 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions Summary The legislative history of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northeastern Alaska has been shaped in part by laws enacted in ...
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| Date July 30, 2020 |
Report No. RS20227 |
Title
House Conferees: Selection Updated July 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20227 House Conferees: Selection conference committee is composed of a House and a Senate delegation appointed to reconcile the differences between House and Senate versions of a measure passed by both. The members of each chamber s delegation are known as its conferees or, ...
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| Date July 30, 2020 |
Report No. IN11475 |
Title
INSIGHTi Economic Activity and the Expiration of COVID-19 Relief Provisions July 30, 2020 The federal response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has included programs providing economic relief to individuals, businesses, and state and local governments. The recent or looming expiration or exhaustion of several of these programs has generated congressional discussions on the effect ...
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| Date July 30, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10528 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Uncharted Waters: Navigating the Supreme Court s New Clean Water Act Permitting Test July 30, 2020 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to grapple with how to implement the Supreme Court s April 2020 decision in County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund. Maui introduced a new multi-factor test for determining whether the Clean Water Act (CWA) applies to pollutant ...
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| Date July 29, 2020 |
Report No. R46470 |
Title
The American Workers, Families, and Employers Assistance Act (S. 4318): Title II Revenue Provisions and Other HEALS Act Tax Provisions July 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46470 {222A 0E69- 3A 4854A 73C3FF402- R080413982231423250104685540202130203404401422151612008912416180328219341810061 603144600811010110362751211112317403440021032002423082420 ...
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| Date July 29, 2020 |
Report No. RL32492 |
Title
American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics Updated July 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32492 American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics Summary This report provides U.S. war casualty statistics. It includes data tables containing the number of casualties among American military personnel who served in ...
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| Date July 29, 2020 |
Report No. R43847 |
Title
Medicaid s Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) Updated July 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43847 Medicaid s Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) Summary Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term services and supports. Medicaid is jointly funded by ...
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| Date July 29, 2020 |
Report No. IF11606 |
Title
July 29, 2020 COVID-19 and Foreign Assistance: Congressional Oversight Framework and Current Activities In March 2020, Congress enacted two supplemental appropriations measures that included a combined $1.59 billion for foreign assistance programs to prevent, prepare for, and respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19; P.L. 116-123, P.L. 116-136). Congress established mechanisms to oversee the ...
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| Date July 28, 2020 |
Report No. R44959 |
Title
Confederate Symbols: Relation to Federal Lands and Programs Updated July 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44959 Confederate Symbols: Relation to Federal Lands and Programs Summary Congress is considering the relationship of Confederate symbols to federal lands and programs. A number of federal agencies administer assets or fund activities in which references ...
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| Date July 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11439 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Moving Forward Act (H.R. 2) Would Both Restrict and Encourage Highway Tolls Updated July 28, 2020 Section 1110 of the Moving Forward Act (H.R. 2, as passed in the House of Representatives July 1, 2020) would make substantial changes to the statutory and regulatory framework governing highway transportation tolls. Some of the changes would increase federal oversight of tolling ...
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| Date July 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11470 |
Title
INSIGHTi Defense Production Act (DPA): Recent Developments in Response to COVID-19 Updated July 28, 2020 The Administration has employed the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) as part of federal countermeasures to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The DPA confers presidential authorities to mobilize domestic industry in service of the national defense, broadly defined, including ...
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| Date July 28, 2020 |
Report No. R46414 |
Title
Rail Transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas: Safety and Regulation Updated July 28, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46414 SUMMARY Rail Transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas: Safety and Regulation An emerging alternative to domestic natural gas pipelines is shipping natural gas by rail, creating what some refer to as virtual pipelines. On April 10, 2019, the ...
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| Date July 28, 2020 |
Report No. IN11473 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Summary of Direct Payments in the July 27 Senate Proposal July 28, 2020 A draft bill text circulated by the Senate Finance Committee on July 27, 2020, includes a second round of direct payments to help alleviate the economic effects associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. (The text is entitled the American Workers, Families, and Employers Assistance ...
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| Date July 27, 2020 |
Report No. R46419 |
Title
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 116th Congress Updated July 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46419 SUMMARY Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 116th Congress R46419 July 27, 2020 The House and the Senate have considered measures on a variety of immigration issues in the 116th Congress. These issues include border security, immigration ...
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| Date July 27, 2020 |
Report No. IN11471 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Nile Dam Dispute: Issues for Congress July 27, 2020 Overview A long-running dispute between Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan over the waters of the Nile flared in 2020, as Ethiopia moves toward completion of Africa s largest hydroelectric power project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The domestic stakes are high for both Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who seeks to guide ...
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| Date July 27, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10526 |
Title
Legal Sidebari PRWORA and the CARES Act: What s the Prospective Power of a Notwithstanding Clause? July 27, 2020 Which categories of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) are eligible for the student financial aid, unemployment compensation, and other benefits authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act? Particularly in the case of student financial aid, the question has ...
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| Date July 27, 2020 |
Report No. IF11605 |
Title
July 27, 2020 Wildlife Trafficking: International Law Enforcement Responses Congress has sought to implement law enforcement approaches to wildlife trafficking by appropriating funds for and conducting oversight of relevant foreign aid programs and for U.S. and foreign law enforcement capabilities. U.S. policy tools to target wildlife traffickers include measures to increase dedicated law ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46385 |
Title
2020 Hurricane Season FAQ: Federal Disaster Assistance for Hurricanes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Updated July 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46385 SUMMARY 2020 Hurricane Season FAQ: Federal Disaster Assistance for Hurricanes During the COVID-19 Pandemic The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 through November 30, and the peak months are mid-August ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46464 |
Title
EPA Water Infrastructure Funding in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 July 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46464 SUMMARY EPA Water Infrastructure Funding in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 As part of the federal response to the Great Recession, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. R46467 |
Title
CARES Act Payments Use and Recipient Characteristics: In Brief July 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46467 CARES Act Payments Use and Recipient Characteristics: In Brief Contents Survey Estimates ............................................................................................................ 1 Stimulus Payment ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10524 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Racial Profiling: Constitutional and Statutory Considerations for Congress July 24, 2020 Protests over the death of George Floyd in police custody have prompted renewed interest in police reform efforts. One particular area of focus has been the issue of racial profiling by state and local police officials, with some commentators arguing that police departments may ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10527 |
Title
Legal Sidebari This Land Is Whose Land? The McGirt v. Oklahoma Decision and Considerations for Congress July 24, 2020 On July 9, 2020, the Supreme Court announced its decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma hailed by some as the most significant Indian Law case of the century. In a 5-4 ruling, the Court held that land reserved for the Muscogee (Creek) Nation in the 19th century remained Indian country for ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. LSB10525 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Can the United States Sue China over COVID-19 in an International Court? July 24, 2020 Some Members of Congress assert that China should bear international legal responsibility for its alleged role in failing to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in its early weeks. Proposed options to impose accountability include initiating investigations of China, giving the President authority to ...
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| Date July 24, 2020 |
Report No. IN11468 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Declines to Regulate Net Metering July 24, 2020 Net metering is a policy through which electricity customers with their own electricity generation systems are compensated for the energy they produce (above what they consume). Typically, net metering customers receive a bill credit for any excess electricity they produce over the course of a month. In ...
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