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| Date Feb. 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46678 |
Title
Transportation Security: Background and Issues for the 117th Congress February 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46678 SUMMARY Transportation Security: Background and Issues for the 117th Congress The nation s air, land, and marine transportation systems are designed for accessibility and efficiency, two characteristics that make them vulnerable to terrorist ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2021 |
Report No. RS20219 |
Title
House Conferees: Restrictions on Their Authority Updated February 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20219 House Conferees: Restrictions on Their Authority Contents Scope Requirement.......................................................................................................................... 1 Violations of Authority ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IN11598 |
Title
INSIGHTi Class 8 Truck Zero-Emission Routes February 9, 2021 Trucking accounts for nearly a quarter of the total greenhouse gases emitted by the transportation sector in the United States. As Congress takes up reauthorization of federal surface transportation programs, interest in mitigating climate change is drawing attention to two provisions of law, the Designation of Alternative Fuel Corridors ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46411 |
Title
The Federal Reserve s Response to COVID-19: Policy Issues Updated February 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46411 SUMMARY The Federal Reserve s Response to COVID-19: Policy Issues The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused widespread disruptions to the economy. The Federal Reserve (Fed) took multiple policy actions in response to the crisis, ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R45783 |
Title
Improving Intercity Passenger Rail Service in the United States Updated February 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45783 SUMMARY Improving Intercity Passenger Rail Service in the United States R45783 February 8, 2021 Ben Goldman The federal government has been involved in preserving and improving passenger rail service Analyst in Transportation Policy since ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46675 |
Title
S.Con.Res. 5: The Budget Resolution for FY2021 February 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46675 SUMMARY S.Con.Res. 5: The Budget Resolution for FY2021 On February 5, 2021, the House and Senate adopted S.Con.Res. 5, a budget resolution for FY2021. While a budget resolution generally represents an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46673 |
Title
Agency Rescissions of Legislative Rules February 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46673 SUMMARY Agency Rescissions of Legislative Rules Federal administrative agencies carry out their statutorily prescribed responsibilities in many ways. Perhaps most significantly, agencies may, pursuant to congressionally delegated authority, promulgate rules with the force ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10572 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Mask Mandate: Does the Federal Aviation Administration Have Authority to Require Masks on Flights? February 8, 2021 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cautions that although air circulation and filtration systems in passenger aircraft help reduce the spread of most viruses, sitting within six feet of others on flights may still increase the risk of contracting ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46298 |
Title
General State and Local Fiscal Assistance and COVID-19: Background and Available Data Updated February 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46298 SUMMARY General State and Local Fiscal Assistance and COVID-19: Background and Available Data R46298 February 8, 2021 Grant A. Driessen The sudden decline in economic output following the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R44582 |
Title
Overview of Funding Mechanisms in the Federal Budget Process, and Selected Examples Updated February 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44582 Overview of Funding Mechanisms in the Federal Budget Process, and Selected Examples Summary Every year, Congress considers numerous pieces of legislation that would create or modify federal government programs and ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11757 |
Title
February 5, 2021 Veteran Involvement in the U.S. Capitol Breach: Possible Effects on VA Benefits Overview On January 6, 2021, a crowd gathered on the U.S. Capitol grounds, breached security, entered and occupied portions of the Capitol building, and damaged federal property. The breach resulted in injuries to nearly 140 District of Columbia Metropolitan and U.S. Capitol Police officers . In ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11400 |
Title
INSIGHTi DOD Concerns About the FCC-Approved Ligado Network Updated February 5, 2021 On April 20, 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) unanimously approved an application by Ligado Networks LLC (Ligado) to deploy a low-power [9.8 decibel watts (dBW)] terrestrial nationwide network in the 1526-1536 MHz, 1627.5-1637.5 MHz, and 1646.5-1656.5 MHz bands [of the electromagnetic spectrum] ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11420 |
Title
INSIGHTi Temporary Enhancements to Charitable Contributions Deductions in the CARES Act Updated February 5, 2021 Individuals and corporations are allowed a deduction for charitable contributions on their tax returns. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) provided temporary increased benefits for 2020 for some of these deductions. These provisions were ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11593 |
Title
INSIGHTi New Presidential Directives on the Defense Production Act (DPA) and the COVID-19 Pandemic February 5, 2021 On January 21, 2021, the Biden Administration issued several executive orders invoking the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The DPA authorizes the President to mobilize domestic industry in service of the national defense, including emergency ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10570 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Unrest at the Capitol: Potential Violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice February 5, 2021 After the unrest at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, sources reported that current and former military servicemembers were among the participants in the unrest. These reports prompted several Members of Congress to ask the Department of Defense to investigate servicemembers ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10571 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Office of the Comptroller of the Currency s Fair Access to Financial Services Rule February 5, 2021 On January 28, 2021, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) announced that it had paused publication of its Fair Access to Financial Services final rule (Fair Access Rule or the Rule), which some have considered controversial. The agency had finalized the Rule on January ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10563 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Two Supreme Court Cases to Test Limits on Foreign Sovereign Immunity for Holocaust Harms Updated February 5, 2021 UPDATE: On February 3, 2021, the Supreme Court issued unanimous opinions in Germany and Hungary, holding that the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) does not permit claims against foreign governments for taking property from their own citizens, even if the taking ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R46672 |
Title
Federal Statutes Protecting Domesticated and Captive Animals February 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46672 SUMMARY Federal Statutes Protecting Domesticated and Captive Animals R46672 February 5, 2021 Erin H. Ward A number of federal laws aim to protect the health, safety, and well-being of animals under Legislative Attorney human control. These laws extend ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R45148 |
Title
U.S. Trade Policy Primer: Frequently Asked Questions Updated February 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45148 SUMMARY U.S. Trade Policy Primer: Frequently Asked Questions Congress plays a major role in U.S. trade policy through its legislative and oversight authority. Since the end of World War II, U.S. trade policy has focused on fostering an open, rules- ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46670 |
Title
U.S. Military Drawdown in Afghanistan: Frequently Asked Questions February 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46670 SUMMARY U.S. Military Drawdown in Afghanistan: Frequently Asked Questions In 2021, a year that will mark the twentieth anniversary of the entry of U.S. troops into Afghanistan, U.S. forces there are at the lowest level since 2001 due to the Trump ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R43089 |
Title
The Federal Minimum Wage: In Brief Updated February 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43089 The Federal Minimum Wage: In Brief Summary The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal law that establishes the minimum hourly wage that must be paid to all covered workers. The minimum wage provisions of the FLSA have been amended numerous ...
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| Date Feb. 4, 2021 |
Report No. IF11602 |
Title
Updated February 4, 2021 The Bureau of Indian Affairs: FY2021 Appropriations The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), in the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), administers programs for tribal government, social services, law enforcement, infrastructure, and trust land and natural resources in Indian Country. BIA plays a leading role in carrying out federal trust, treaty, and other responsibilities ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46669 |
Title
International Trade and Finance: Overview and Key Issues for the 117th Congress February 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46669 International Trade and Finance: Overview and Key Issues for the 117th Congress Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46505 |
Title
The Alaska Roadless Rule: Eliminating Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) in the Tongass National Forest Updated February 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46505 SUMMARY The Alaska Roadless Rule: Eliminating Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) in the Tongass National Forest R46505 February 3, 2021 Anne A. Riddle Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Inventoried ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2021 |
Report No. IN11589 |
Title
INSIGHTi Fiscal Policy in the COVID-19 Economic Recovery February 3, 2021 Congress is currently considering a new stimulus package to address the economic recovery. As of December 2020, the unemployment rate for private nonagricultural workers was 6.7%, down from 13.3% in May and 14.7% in April, but significantly above the 4.4% rate in March before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2021 |
Report No. IN11591 |
Title
INSIGHTi GameStop-Related Market Volatility: Policy Issues February 3, 2021 Video game chain GameStop triggered a market frenzy in early 2021 when its stock price rapidly increased from around $18 to well over $400 in intraday trading (Figure 1). The developments soon spread to some other stocks and markets. The episode raises several policy issues, including social media s influence over ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2021 |
Report No. IN11520 |
Title
INSIGHTi Status of U.S.-Russian Nuclear Arms Control Talks Updated February 3, 2021 Introduction The New START Treaty would have expired on February 5, 2021, unless the United States and Russia agreed to extend it for up to five years. On January 21, 2021, the Biden Administration announced that it would seek a five-year extension of New START, leading to an exchange of diplomatic notes and the ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2021 |
Report No. IN11590 |
Title
INSIGHTi CFPB Finalizes Two New Debt Collection Regulations February 3, 2021 The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) recently finalized two new regulations to implement the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA; 15 U.S.C. 1692-1692f), which seeks to eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors. On November 30, 2020, the CFPB issued a final rule on how debt collectors ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2021 |
Report No. R45266 |
Title
The Trump Administration s Zero Tolerance Immigration Enforcement Policy Updated February 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45266 The Trump Administration s Zero Tolerance Immigration Enforcement Policy Summary For the last decade, Central American migrant families have arrived at the U.S.-Mexico border in relatively large numbers, many seeking asylum. While ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11587 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Economic Development and COVID19 Recovery: Issues and Policy Options February 2, 2021 States and local governments traditionally lead U.S. economic development efforts, with the federal government selectively intervening to address significant need. However, the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused pervasive social and economic dislocation and extreme ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11586 |
Title
INSIGHTi E.O. 14005: Bolstering Federal Government Purchase of American Products and Services February 2, 2021 On January 25, 2021, President Joe Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14005 to advance the policy that the U.S. government should use terms and conditions of Federal financial assistance awards and Federal procurements to maximize the use of goods, products, and materials produced, and ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46460 |
Title
Fiscal Policy and Recovery from the COVID-19 Recession Updated February 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46460 SUMMARY Fiscal Policy and Recovery from the COVID-19 Recession The economic contraction that began in February 2020 differs from previous contractions, including the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Great Recession of 2007-2009. It was caused in ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R44993 |
Title
Child and Dependent Care Tax Benefits: How They Work and Who Receives Them Updated February 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44993 SUMMARY Child and Dependent Care Tax Benefits: How They Work and Who Receives Them Two tax provisions subsidize the child and dependent care expenses of working parents: the child and dependent care tax credit (CDCTC) and the ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46668 |
Title
The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Benefits and Issues February 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46668 SUMMARY The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Benefits and Issues Since 1930, the Federal Bureau of Investigation s (FBI s) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program has collected and published nationwide crime statistics. ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R45087 |
Title
Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History Updated February 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45087 Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History Summary Censure is a reprimand adopted by one or both chambers of Congress against a Member of Congress, President, federal judge, or other government official. While Member censure is ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11750 |
Title
February 1, 2021 Rejoining the World Health Organization (WHO): Reform and Related Issues The Biden Administration is working to restore U.S. involvement in the World Health Organization (WHO). On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden sent a letter to United Nation (U.N.) Secretary-General Ant nio Guterres indicating that the United States would remain a member of WHO. The letter retracted a July ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10457 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Court Rules Dakota Access Pipeline Needs Further Environmental Review Updated February 1, 2021 UPDATE: On January 26 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit affirmed the district court s decision requiring the Army Corps of Engineers to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) prior to issuance of an easement across federal land for the Dakota Access Pipeline, ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11752 |
Title
February 1, 2021 Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2021 Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation s ocean energy resources on almost 2.5 billion acres of the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development, the Bureau of Safety and ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11753 |
Title
February 1, 2021 Vietnam s Economy and U.S. Trade: Key Issues in 2021 Over the last decade, Vietnam has emerged as a major manufacturing center in Asia, and has risen to become one of the top 10 trading partners for the United States. The expansion of Vietnam s export-oriented manufacturing sector contributed to Vietnam experiencing rapid economic growth during most of the decade. Vietnam s rise ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11427 |
Title
Updated February 1, 2021 African Elections in 2021 Seventeen African countries are slated to hold presidential and/or legislative polls in 2021. Scheduled election dates are listed below; some may be subject to change due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or other factors. https://crsreports.congress.gov African Elections in 2021 Selected Country Election Snapshots Uganda ( ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11607 |
Title
Updated February 1, 2021 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2021 Overview of Budget Request The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has two primary responsibilities: (1) to collect most of the revenue to fund federal government agencies and programs, and (2) to enforce taxpayer compliance with federal tax laws . According to the IRS Data Book, in FY2019, the agency processed over 253 million ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R44760 |
Title
State Innovation Waivers: Frequently Asked Questions Updated January 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44760 SUMMARY State Innovation Waivers: Frequently Asked Questions Section 1332 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) provides states with the option to waive specified requirements of the ACA. In the absence of ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R46663 |
Title
Possible U.S. Return to Iran Nuclear Agreement: Frequently Asked Questions January 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46663 SUMMARY Possible U.S. Return to Iran Nuclear Agreement: Frequently Asked Questions President Joseph Biden and members of his Administration have expressed an intention to reverse various Trump Administration policies toward Iran, ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R46593 |
Title
Vaccine Safety in the United States: Overview and Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccines Updated January 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46593 SUMMARY Vaccine Safety in the United States: Overview and Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccines R46593 January 29, 2021 Kavya Sekar Analyst in Health Policy Widespread immunization efforts have been linked to increased ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IN11585 |
Title
INSIGHTi Yemen: Recent Terrorism Designations January 29, 2021 Overview On January 19, 2021, the Trump Administration designated the Yemeni group Ansar Allah (Arabic for the Partisans of God ), commonly referred to as the Houthis, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT). In notifying Congress, (per 8 U.S.C. 1189), then Secretary of State Michael ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R40179 |
Title
Farm Service Agency Committees: In Brief Updated January 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40179 Farm Service Agency Committees: In Brief Introduction The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) relies heavily on state and local officials to administer Farm Service Agency (FSA) programs. These officials include State Executive Directors and state, county, and ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46330 |
Title
Proposals for a COVID-19 Congressional Advisory Commission in the 116th Congress: A Comparative Analysis Updated January 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46330 SUMMARY Proposals for a COVID-19 Congressional Advisory Commission in the 116th Congress: A Comparative Analysis R46330 January 28, 2021 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the Congress Throughout U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2021 |
Report No. IN11583 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 International Responses: Resources for the 117th Congress January 28, 2021 Numerous international organizations, educational institutions, and private research firms have compiled information and are tracking international responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This Insight presents selected resources and CRS products that may be useful for Congress in tracking and ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2021 |
Report No. R44706 |
Title
State Minimum Wage Ballot Measures: In Brief Updated January 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44706 State Minimum Wage Ballot Measures: In Brief Contents The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) .......................................................................... 1 State Minimum ...
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| Date Jan. 28, 2021 |
Report No. IF11584 |
Title
Updated January 28, 2021 Executive Order 13927 on Economic Recovery from the COVID-19 Emergency and the Endangered Species Act E.O. 13990 revoked E.O. 13927 on January 20, 2021. This report, published June 22, 2020, has been edited for length. On June 4, 2020, President Trump issued Executive Order (E.O.) 13927 on Accelerating the Nation s Economic Recovery from the COVID-19 Emergency by ...
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