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| Date April 21, 2021 |
Report No. R46770 |
Title
Youth Provisions in the Supporting Foster Youth and Families through the Pandemic Act (Division X of P.L. 116-260) April 21, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46770 SUMMARY Youth Provisions in the Supporting Foster Youth and Families through the Pandemic Act (Division X of P.L. 116-260) R46770 April 21, 2021 Adrienne L. FernandesAlcantara Specialist in Social ...
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| Date April 21, 2021 |
Report No. IN11650 |
Title
INSIGHTi Kyrgyz Voters Approve Strong Presidential System in Constitutional Referendum April 21, 2021 On April 11, 2021, voters in the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) approved a new constitution that returns the country to a system of strong presidential rule after 10 years as Central Asia s only parliamentary republic. According to preliminary data, 79% voted in favor; turnout was 37%, meeting the ...
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| Date April 21, 2021 |
Report No. IF11260 |
Title
Updated April 21, 2021 Smart Cars and Trucks: Spectrum Use for Vehicle Safety A November 2020 decision by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to reconfigure the 5.9 gigahertz (GHz) spectrum band may change the evolution of U.S. vehicle safety technologies. The decision has implications for domestic spectrum use and vehicle technologies and their application to international standards for ...
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| Date April 21, 2021 |
Report No. IF11811 |
Title
April 21, 2021 Advancing Refundable Tax Credits: Policy Considerations Many policymakers have expressed interest in having the Treasury advance refundable tax credits in installments (potentially monthly or quarterly). This approach is an alternative to providing the credits as an annual lump sum (i.e., as a tax refund), which may help households better meet their ongoing needs. In the American ...
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| Date April 20, 2021 |
Report No. R46767 |
Title
China s New Semiconductor Policies: Issues for Congress April 20, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46767 China s New Semiconductor Policies: Issues for Congress Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 U.S.-China Phase One Trade Deal Commitments ...
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| Date April 20, 2021 |
Report No. R46765 |
Title
Worker Classification: Employee Status Under the National Labor Relations Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the ABC Test April 20, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46765 SUMMARY Worker Classification: Employee Status Under the National Labor Relations Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the ABC Test R46765 April 20, 2021 Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative ...
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| Date April 19, 2021 |
Report No. R46763 |
Title
FY2021 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations April 19, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46763 SUMMARY FY2021 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations The District of Columbia (DC) government s local operating budget and much of its local legislation is subject to congressional approval, pursuant to the plenary legislative authority of Congress ...
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| Date April 19, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10591 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Agency Use of Guidance Documents April 19, 2021 Agencies often issue statements that, unlike legislative rules, do not carry the force of law. These statements include interpretative rules, which advise the public of an agency s interpretation of the statutes and regulations it administers; and general statements of policy, which advise the public about an agency s intended use of ...
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| Date April 19, 2021 |
Report No. IF11763 |
Title
Updated April 19, 2021 Handguns, Stabilizing Braces, and Related Components On April 7, 2021, the White House announced that the Department of Justice has been directed to issue a proposed rule within 60 days (by June 6, 2021) to clarify when a device marketed as a stabilizing brace might turn a pistol into a short-barreled rifle. On December 18, 2020, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and ...
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| Date April 16, 2021 |
Report No. RL33105 |
Title
The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States Updated April 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33105 SUMMARY The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States Many U.S. officials and Members of Congress view the United Kingdom (UK) as the United States closest and most reliable ally. This perception ...
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| Date April 16, 2021 |
Report No. IF11528 |
Title
Updated April 16, 2021 Oil and Gas Tax Preferences The tax code contains a number of provisions that benefit the oil and gas sector. Some contend that these provisions should be eliminated, arguing that using energy derived from oil and gas resources is inconsistent with environmental objectives. Others view these provisions as helping a sector that is vital to the U.S. and world economy. Certain ...
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| Date April 16, 2021 |
Report No. R46762 |
Title
Congress s Authority to Limit the Removal of Inspectors General April 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46762 SUMMARY Congress s Authority to Limit the Removal of Inspectors General Federal law establishes a variety of inspectors general (IGs), each of whom is generally tasked with detecting waste, fraud, and abuse through independent and objective ...
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| Date April 15, 2021 |
Report No. R46761 |
Title
Russia: Foreign Policy and U.S. Relations Updated April 15, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46761 SUMMARY Russia: Foreign Policy and U.S. Relations Since Russian President Vladimir Putin s rise to leadership more than 20 years ago, tensions have increased steadily between Russia and the United States. Some observers attribute Russian foreign policy actions to ...
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| Date April 14, 2021 |
Report No. R46764 |
Title
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA): By the Numbers April 14, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46764 SUMMARY Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA): By the Numbers The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) initiative has commanded interest and attention since its unveiling in 2012. It has provided protection from deportation and work ...
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| Date April 14, 2021 |
Report No. R46760 |
Title
U.S. Agricultural Export Programs: Background and Issues April 14, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46760 SUMMARY U.S. Agricultural Export Programs: Background and Issues R46760 April 14, 2021 Anita Regmi Sales of U.S. agricultural products to foreign markets absorb about one-fifth of U.S. agricultural Specialist in Agricultural Policy production, contributing ...
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| Date April 14, 2021 |
Report No. R46759 |
Title
Poverty in the United States in 2019 April 13, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46759 SUMMARY Poverty in the United States in 2019 Calendar year 2019 was the last full year before the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the last year of the economic expansion since the Great Recession. The strength of the U.S. economy in 2019 was ...
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| Date April 14, 2021 |
Report No. IN11649 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Resumption of Foreign Aid to the Palestinians April 14, 2021 On April 7, 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced the Biden Administration s plan to resume various forms of aid to the Palestinians that had been discontinued under the Trump Administration. Separately in March, the Biden Administration allocated $15 million in International Disaster Assistance for Coronavirus ...
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| Date April 13, 2021 |
Report No. R46758 |
Title
Scope of CDC Authority Under Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA) April 13, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46758 SUMMARY Scope of CDC Authority Under Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA) Since the beginning of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, all levels of government have grappled with how to stem the spread of ...
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| Date April 13, 2021 |
Report No. R46757 |
Title
Reporting Carbon Dioxide Injection and Storage: Federal Authorities and Programs April 13, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46757 SUMMARY Reporting Carbon Dioxide Injection and Storage: Federal Authorities and Programs Carbon capture and storage (CCS) of carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions is a suite of processes and technologies viewed by some stakeholders as ...
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| Date April 12, 2021 |
Report No. R46756 |
Title
Negotiated Rulemaking: In Brief April 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46756 SUMMARY Negotiated Rulemaking: In Brief Negotiated rulemaking is a process sometimes used by federal agencies to develop proposed rules. In negotiated rulemaking, an agency convenes a committee of stakeholders with the goal of reaching a consensus outcome on the text of a proposed ...
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| Date April 12, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10589 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Issues Related to Transportation Mask-Wearing Mandates April 12, 2021 On January 21, 2021, President Joe Biden issued an executive order directing federal agencies to require mask wearing in a range of transportation contexts nationwide. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an order (Mask Order) requiring mask wearing on commercial and ...
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| Date April 12, 2021 |
Report No. IF11807 |
Title
April 12, 2021 GAO and Inspector General Recommendations to Agencies: An Introduction Congress has established a number of institutions dedicated to monitoring and reporting on federal agencies and making recommendations to improve their integrity, efficiency, and effectiveness. These entities include dozens of statutory Offices of Inspector General (OIGs) and the Government Accountability Office ...
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| Date April 12, 2021 |
Report No. IN11498 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources for Renters Updated April 12, 2021 This Insight highlights resources from selected federal agencies and other organizations that may aid renters at risk of eviction due to circumstances related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Federal-Level Protections On September 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and ...
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| Date April 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46359 |
Title
COVID-19 and Private Health Insurance Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions Updated April 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46359 SUMMARY COVID-19 and Private Health Insurance Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions There is considerable congressional interest in understanding private health insurance coverage of health benefits related to the ongoing Coronavirus ...
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| Date April 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46755 |
Title
The Law of Asylum Procedure at the Border: Statutes and Agency Implementation April 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46755 SUMMARY The Law of Asylum Procedure at the Border: Statutes and Agency Implementation R46755 April 9, 2021 Ben Harrington The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) generally provides for the removal of non-U.S. Legislative Attorney ...
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| Date April 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46753 |
Title
The National Science Foundation: An Overview April 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46753 SUMMARY The National Science Foundation: An Overview The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. Congress established the foundation as an independent federal agency through the National Science ...
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| Date April 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46754 |
Title
Technical Corrections and Other Revisions to the 2017 Tax Revision (P.L. 115-97) April 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46754 SUMMARY Technical Corrections and Other Revisions to the 2017 Tax Revision (P.L. 115-97) R46754 April 8, 2021 Jane G. Gravelle Congress has been discussing technical corrections to the 2017 tax revision (commonly known Senior ...
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| Date April 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46698 |
Title
Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payments and COVID-19: Frequently Asked Questions Updated April 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46698 SUMMARY Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payments and COVID-19: Frequently Asked Questions In rare situations, Medicare Part A providers (e.g., acute care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and other inpatient care ...
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| Date April 8, 2021 |
Report No. IN11647 |
Title
INSIGHTi House Committees Release Guidance for Transportation Earmarks April 8, 2021 The House Committee on Appropriations and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure have separately announced that individual Members may request funding for specific transportation projects. This ends an effective ban on earmarks that has been in force in the House since 2011. This Insight summarizes the new ...
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| Date April 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46175 |
Title
Kosovo: Background and U.S. Policy Updated April 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46175 SUMMARY Kosovo: Background and U.S. Policy Kosovo, a country in the Western Balkans with a predominantly Albanian-speaking population, declared independence from Serbia in 2008, less than a decade after a brief but lethal war. It has since been recognized by about 100 ...
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| Date April 8, 2021 |
Report No. IF11810 |
Title
April 8, 2021 Privately Made Firearms: A Growing Source of Unmarked, Untraceable Ghost Guns ? On April 7, 2021, the White House announced that the Department of Justice (DOJ) has been directed to issue a proposed rule to address ghost guns within 30 days (by May 7, 2021). For many years, privately made firearms did not appear to be a large source of crime guns. In the last decade, however, the ...
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| Date April 7, 2021 |
Report No. R44557 |
Title
The Fair Housing Act: HUD Oversight, Programs, and Activities Updated April 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44557 SUMMARY The Fair Housing Act: HUD Oversight, Programs, and Activities The federal Fair Housing Act, enacted in 1968 as Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act (P.L. 90-284), prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing based ...
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| Date April 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN11646 |
Title
INSIGHTi A Look at Book-Tax Differences for Large Corporations Using Aggregate Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Data April 7, 2021 The 117th Congress may consider policies that would tax book income, or income as reported on financial statements. President Biden has proposed a 15% minimum tax on book income. Senator Elizabeth Warren has announced her intent to propose a tax on book income, which ...
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| Date April 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN11193 |
Title
INSIGHTi Funding U.S.-Mexico Border Barrier Construction: Current Issues Updated April 7, 2021 The construction of barriers on the U.S.-Mexico border to control unauthorized crossings has been a matter of significant debate since former President Donald Trump made construction of a border wall a key element of his campaign. This Insight provides a brief overview of the funding history for these ...
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| Date April 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN11616 |
Title
INSIGHTi Expiring State COVID-19 Emergency Declarations: Effects on Federal Aid Updated April 7, 2021 Some states, tribes, and territories (hereinafter states ) may consider rescinding or sun-setting their statelevel emergency and disaster declarations, as states make progress in containing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Regardless of state decisions, the federal declarations of ...
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| Date April 6, 2021 |
Report No. IN11644 |
Title
INSIGHTi Is High Inflation a Risk in 2021? April 6, 2021 Assuming public health continues to improve, many economists project rapid economic growth in 2021. The unprecedented fiscal and monetary stimulus in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is also expected to continue in 2021. Some observers have questioned whether the combination of stimulus and rapid growth will result in rising prices. ...
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| Date April 6, 2021 |
Report No. IN11411 |
Title
INSIGHTi Facebook s Acquisition of GIPHY: Potential Competition Issues Updated April 6, 2021 On May 15, 2020, Facebook announced that it had acquired GIPHY, an online database and search engine for short looping videos without audio, known as GIFs. Facebook has not integrated GIPHY with its other online platforms (i.e., websites and apps). An Interim Enforcement Order filed by the U.K. Competition ...
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| Date April 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11301 |
Title
INSIGHTi Small Businesses and COVID-19: Relief and Assistance Resources Updated April 5, 2021 This CRS Insight presents selected websites and CRS products potentially relevant to small businesses that are directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and seeking economic relief and assistance. For an analysis of the small business provisions contained in various ...
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| Date April 5, 2021 |
Report No. R46747 |
Title
Judiciary Appropriations, FY2021 April 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46747 SUMMARY Judiciary Appropriations, FY2021 Funds for the judicial branch are included annually in the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill. The bill provides funding for the U.S. Supreme Court; the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; the U.S. ...
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| Date April 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11643 |
Title
INSIGHTi The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) COBRA Premium Assistance April 5, 2021 The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) subsidizes Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) continuation coverage from April 1, 2021, through September 30, 2021, for certain individuals who lose employer-based health insurance as a result of an involuntary ...
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| Date April 5, 2021 |
Report No. R44384 |
Title
IAEA Budget and U.S. Contributions: In Brief Updated April 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44384 IAEA Budget and U.S. Contributions: In Brief Introduction and Background The United States has been a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) since the agency s 1957 founding. The IAEA Statute was approved on October 23, 1956, by the Conference on ...
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| Date April 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11648 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Economic Development Administration s Assistance to Coal and Nuclear Closure Communities Initiatives for Economic Transitions April 5, 2021 The Department of Commerce s Economic Development Administration (EDA) supports state and local planning and economic development projects, among other activities. In response to the decline of coal industry activity and the closure of nuclear ...
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| Date April 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11655 |
Title
Updated April 5, 2021 SPAC IPO: Background and Policy Issues A special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) is a type of blank-check company that raises capital through initial public offerings (IPOs) with the intention to use the proceeds to acquire other companies at a later time. Unlike traditional IPOs, SPACs do not have commercial operations at the time of the IPO, explaining why they are ...
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| Date April 2, 2021 |
Report No. IF11800 |
Title
April 2, 2021 Broker-Dealers and Payment for Order Flow Introduction The last few years have witnessed an unprecedented surge in retail investor securities trading at major discount brokerdealers such as Robinhood, Charles Schwab, TD Ameritrade, and E*Trade. Among the factors that have driven this are the zero trading commissions that many of them now charge for trades. The non-existent ...
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| Date April 2, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10488 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Revoking Hong Kong s Preferential Trade Status: Legal Framework and Implications Updated April 2, 2021 On July 14, 2020, then-President Donald Trump issued an executive order finding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong) no longer sufficiently autonomous to justify differential treatment in relation to the People s Republic of China (China) with regard to specific ...
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| Date April 2, 2021 |
Report No. IF11802 |
Title
April 2, 2021 The Electoral College: Options for Change and 117 th Congress Proposals Electoral College: The Basics American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States indirectly: they vote in their states and the District of Columbia for presidential electors pledged to the candidates of their choice. The electors are known collectively as the electoral college. Article II ...
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| Date April 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11642 |
Title
INSIGHTi Water Service Issues and COVID-19: Recent Congressional Funding April 2, 2021 Several water service issues have garnered increased congressional attention during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Among these, some are long-standing concerns over household waterrate affordability and the condition of municipal water infrastructure. Other issues have emerged as water systems and/ ...
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| Date April 2, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10588 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Spending Clause Conditions and the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund April 2, 2021 The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) tasks the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) with disbursing to states more than $190 billion appropriated for the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund ( CSFRF ). States may use CSFRF dollars to cover a wide range of costs incurred by December 31, ...
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| Date April 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46749 |
Title
FEMA s Public Assistance Program: A Primer and Considerations for Congress April 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46749 SUMMARY FEMA s Public Assistance Program: A Primer and Considerations for Congress The Federal Emergency Management Agency s (FEMA) Public Assistance (PA) Program is central to contemporary U.S. federal emergency and disaster relief. Over ...
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| Date April 1, 2021 |
Report No. R44234 |
Title
Supreme Court Appointment Process: Senate Debate and Confirmation Vote Updated April 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44234 Supreme Court Appointment Process: Senate Debate and Confirmation Vote Summary The procedure for appointing a Justice to the Supreme Court is provided for in the U.S. Constitution in only a few words. The Appointments Clause in the ...
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