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| Date June 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF10399 |
Title
Updated June 9, 2021 Overview of the ACA Medicaid Expansion The primary goals of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) are to increase access to affordable health insurance for the uninsured and to make health insurance more affordable for those already covered. The ACA Medicaid expansion is one of the major insurance coverage provisions included in the ...
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| Date June 8, 2021 |
Report No. TE10064 |
Title
Statement of Todd Garvey Legislative Attorney Before Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Civil Enforcement of Congressional Authorities June 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10064 Congressional Research Service C 1 hairman Johnson, Ranking Member Issa, and Members ...
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| Date June 8, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10606 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and On-the-Street Police Encounters June 8, 2021 Introduction The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates, as its core imperative, that both public and private sector entities offer reasonable accommodations in their policies and practices for those with disabilities. Courts have applied the ADA s Title II reasonable accommodation ...
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| Date June 8, 2021 |
Report No. IF11848 |
Title
June 8, 2021 EB-5 Immigrant Investor Regional Center Program The EB-5 Regional Center Program (RCP) allows foreign national investors to qualify for lawful permanent resident (LPR) status in exchange for foreign capital investment and job creation in specified geographic areas in the United States. The RCP is part of the EB-5 (fifth employmentbased preference category) Immigrant Investor Program, ...
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| Date June 8, 2021 |
Report No. RL33679 |
Title
Crime Victims Rights Act: A Summary and Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 3771 Updated June 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33679 Crime Victims Rights Act: A Summary and Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 3771 Summary Section 3771 of Title 18 of the United States Code is a statutory bill of rights for the victims of crimes committed in violation of federal law or the ...
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| Date June 8, 2021 |
Report No. RS22518 |
Title
Crime Victims Rights Act: A Sketch of 18 U.S.C. 3771 Updated June 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22518 Crime Victims Rights Act: A Sketch of 18 U.S.C. 3771 Summary Section 3771 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code is a statutory bill of rights for the victims of crimes committed in violation of federal law or the laws of the District of Columbia. It defines a ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. R46812 |
Title
FY2021 Defense Appropriations Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress June 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46812 SUMMARY FY2021 Defense Appropriations Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress The Department of Defense Appropriations Act is one of 12 annual appropriations measures typically reported by the House and Senate Committees on ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. R46811 |
Title
EU Agricultural Domestic Support: Overview and Comparison with the United States June 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46811 SUMMARY EU Agricultural Domestic Support: Overview and Comparison with the United States R46811 June 7, 2021 Randy Schnepf The European Union (EU) is one of the United States chief agricultural trading partners and a Specialist in ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. R46814 |
Title
The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 Updated June 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46814 SUMMARY The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 Balancing U.S. national security and export competitiveness in U.S. export control policy has been a complex and challenging issue for Congress and the ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. R46813 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs: Burial Benefits and the National Cemetery Administration June 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46813 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs: Burial Benefits and the National Cemetery Administration The V eterans Benefits Administration (VBA) within Department of V eterans Affairs (V provides eligible veterans and their next of ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN10502 |
Title
The Open Skies Treaty: Background and Issues Updated June 7, 2021 The United States announced its withdrawal from the Treaty on Open Skies on May 22, 2020; this withdrawal took effect on November 22, 2020. Russia announced its plans to withdraw, while beginning the domestic procedures for withdrawal on January 15, 2021. The Russian Duma approved the law authorizing Russia s withdrawal in May 2021, ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. IF11590 |
Title
Updated June 7, 2021 Bureau of Land Management: FY2021 Appropriations The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), manages 244 million acres of federal land, nearly all in the West. Under its multiple-use mission, BLM manages lands for diverse purposes, including livestock grazing, energy development, recreation, and conservation. The agency also administers ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. IF11849 |
Title
June 7, 2021 National Guard and Reserve Eligibility for the Post-9/11 GI Bill The Post-9/11 GI Bill is a popular educational assistance program designed for servicemembers and veterans and their family members. In FY2021, almost 725,000 individuals are anticipated to receive average benefits of $16,230 each. Since enactment of the Post-9/11 GI Bill in 2008, the eligibility of National Guard and ...
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| Date June 7, 2021 |
Report No. IF11844 |
Title
June 7, 2021 Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Issues for Congress On January 20, 2021, President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 13990, Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis. It contains directives to update the social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-GHG), a tool that agencies have typically used to estimate the benefits of GHG reductions. ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46809 |
Title
Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the COVID-19 Pandemic June 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46809 SUMMARY Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the COVID-19 Pandemic In early 2020, the federal government began to express concerns over the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the months following, ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46810 |
Title
FY2021 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Personnel and Health Care Issues Updated June 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46810 SUMMARY FY2021 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Personnel and Health Care Issues The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) authorizes appropriations for a wide range of national security programs and ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46808 |
Title
China s Military: The People s Liberation Army (PLA) June 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46808 SUMMARY China s Military: The People s Liberation Army (PLA) R46808 June 4, 2021 Caitlin Campbell China s military modernization is a major factor driving some observers concerns about Analyst in Asian Affairs China s rise, China s intentions toward the United ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. IF11812 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2021 Tax Treatment of Capital Gains at Death When an asset is sold that has appreciated in value, such as a share of stock, the gain is taxed at rates of 0%, 15%, or 20%, with the top rate applying in 2021 when incomes exceed $501,600 for a joint return and $445,850 for a single return. These income levels are adjusted for inflation. The rates apply to an asset held for at least ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. IN11657 |
Title
INSIGHTi The FY2022 State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Budget Request Updated June 4, 2021 Overview Each year, Congress typically considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) bill, which supports a range of U.S. activities around the world. On May 28, ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. IN11662 |
Title
INSIGHTi Potential WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19 Updated June 4, 2021 On May 5, 2021, the Biden Administration announced its support for a proposed waiver of intellectual property rights (IPR) obligations in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This is significant, given the ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10605 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Ruling May Affect the Fate of Climate Change Liability Suits June 4, 2021 On May 17, 2021, the Supreme Court issued a ruling that could delay climate liability suits that is, lawsuits seeking damages for alleged climate change-related injuries that result from selling and producing fossil fuel products. In BP p.l.c. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, the Court ...
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| Date June 4, 2021 |
Report No. IF10702 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2021 Drought Response and Preparedness: Policy and Legislation In recent years, large areas of the United States have been subject to drought. In addition to estimates of average annual losses from drought of $9 billion for agriculture, the effects have included dwindling water supplies for rural households and water use restrictions in urban areas. As of mid-2021, the western ...
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| Date June 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46807 |
Title
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios: Background, Issues, and Policy Relevance June 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46807 SUMMARY Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios: Background, Issues, and Policy Relevance Projecting future climate change, and what drives it, is difficult, with many uncertainties. Computer models, however, can be useful tools for exploring ...
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| Date June 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46066 |
Title
NATO: Key Issues for the 117th Congress Updated June 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46066 SUMMARY NATO: Key Issues for the 117th Congress Heads of state and government from the 30 member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are due to meet in Brussels, Belgium, on June 14, 2021, to discuss security challenges and consider proposals to ...
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| Date June 3, 2021 |
Report No. IF11128 |
Title
Updated June 3, 2021 WaterSense Program: Congressional Authorization WaterSense is a voluntary labeling program created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to encourage the development and use of water-efficient products and services. Through WaterSense, EPA develops water efficiency specifications for products, certain services, and homes; licenses third-party certification bodies; ...
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| Date June 3, 2021 |
Report No. IF11843 |
Title
June 3, 2021 Child Welfare Programs: A Timeline https://crsreports.congress.gov Child Welfare Programs: A Timeline Programs by Year 1935 Title V, Part 3 of the original Social Security Act (P.L. 74-271) authorized grants to states for Child Welfare Services (CWS); Title IV authorized Aid to Dependent Children (ADC). 1960 The Social Security Act Amendments of 1960 (P.L. 86-778) established grants ...
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| Date June 2, 2021 |
Report No. R46805 |
Title
Consumption of Prescription Opioids for Pain: A Comparison of Opioid Use in the United States and Other Countries June 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46805 SUMMARY Consumption of Prescription Opioids for Pain: A Comparison of Opioid Use in the United States and Other Countries Beginning in the late 1990s, the consumption of medical opioids used to treat ...
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| Date June 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11687 |
Title
INSIGHTi Postal Reform Legislation in the 117th Congress: Operational Transparency and Performance Provisions June 2, 2021 Postal reform has been a subject of sustained congressional interest for many years. In the 117th Congress, bipartisan legislation the Postal Service Reform Act of 2021 (PSRA) was introduced during May 2021 in the House and the Senate with very similar contents (H.R. 3076, ...
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| Date June 2, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10604 |
Title
Legal Sidebari North Dakota Merchants Sue Fed, Claiming Debit Card Swipe Fees Exceed Those Allowed by the Durbin Amendment to the Electronic Funds Transfer Act June 2, 2021 On April 30, 2021, two North Dakota retail merchant associations sued the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Fed), claiming that the Fed s Regulation II authorizes debit card interchange (swipe) fees that violate ...
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| Date June 1, 2021 |
Report No. R45204 |
Title
Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions Updated June 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45204 SUMMARY Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden issued Executive Order 13990, Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to ...
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| Date June 1, 2021 |
Report No. R45338 |
Title
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Media Ownership Rules Updated June 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45338 SUMMARY Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Media Ownership Rules The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) aims, with its broadcast media ownership rules, to promote localism and competition by restricting the number of media outlets that a ...
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| Date June 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11841 |
Title
June 1, 2021 Defining Low-Income, Low-Access Food Areas (Food Deserts) In the Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, 7527), Congress directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to identify characteristics and factors causing and influencing food deserts referred to as an area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, particularly such an area composed of ...
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| Date May 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46803 |
Title
Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans Potentially Eligible for Special Financial Assistance Under the American Rescue Plan Act May 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46803 SUMMARY Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans Potentially Eligible for Special Financial Assistance Under the American Rescue Plan Act R46803 May 28, 2021 Elizabeth A. Myers ...
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| Date May 28, 2021 |
Report No. R45151 |
Title
Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity Updated May 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45151 SUMMARY Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity R45151 May 28, 2021 Congress s power to create rules governing the admission of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) has long been viewed as plenary. In the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as Hillel R. Smith ...
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| Date May 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46804 |
Title
House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 117th Congress (2021-2022) May 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46804 SUMMARY House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 117th Congress (2021-2022) As agreed to in the House, H.Res. 8, a resolution adopting the rules of the House of Representatives, provided amendments to the rules, as ...
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| Date May 27, 2021 |
Report No. IN11684 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Agricultural Recovery Resources for Drought-Related Losses Updated May 27, 2021 Per the U.S. Drought Monitor, 46.15% of the lower 48 states currently experience some level of drought intensity, including extreme or exceptional drought in at least two-thirds of Utah (90%), Arizona (87%), North Dakota (77%), Nevada (76%), New Mexico (75%), and California (74%). The U.S. Seasonal ...
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| Date May 27, 2021 |
Report No. IF11840 |
Title
May 27, 2021 DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: FY2021 Appropriations The U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is responsible for enabling renewable energy and end-use energy efficiency technology development and implementation. For example, EERE oversees vehicle technology, solar energy, advanced manufacturing, and ...
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| Date May 26, 2021 |
Report No. IF11216 |
Title
Updated May 26, 2021 Venezuela: International Efforts to Resolve the Political Crisis Background Venezuela, still under the authoritarian rule of Nicol s Maduro, is mired in a deep economic and humanitarian crisis worsened by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. Maduro narrowly elected in 2013 after the death of Hugo Ch vez (president, 1999-2013) and the United Socialist Party of ...
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| Date May 26, 2021 |
Report No. IF11504 |
Title
Updated May 26, 2021 Infertility in the Military In recent years, Congress has become increasingly interested in the provision of infertility services and expanded reproductive care for servicemembers. Federal regulation (32 C.F.R. 199.4(g)) generally prohibits the Department of Defense (DOD) from paying for certain infertility services for most servicemembers and other beneficiaries eligible for ...
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| Date May 26, 2021 |
Report No. IN11670 |
Title
INSIGHTi H.R. 3233, the National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act Updated May 26, 2021 On May 14, 2021, House Homeland Security Committee Chair Bennie Thompson and Ranking Member John Katko introduced H.R. 3233, the National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act (hereinafter, January 6 ...
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| Date May 26, 2021 |
Report No. IF11839 |
Title
May 26, 2021 Medicaid s Money Follows the Person Rebalancing Demonstration Program Overview The Money Follows the Person (MFP) Rebalancing Demonstration Program (42 U.S.C. 1396a note) authorizes the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to award competitive grants to states to transition Medicaid participants who reside in institutional settings that provide long-term services and supports ...
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| Date May 25, 2021 |
Report No. R46704 |
Title
Pandemic-Related Provisions Expiring in the 117th Congress Updated May 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46704 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Expiring Pandemic-Related Provisions ...
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| Date May 25, 2021 |
Report No. IN11680 |
Title
INSIGHTi Sexual Assault, the Military Justice System and Commanders Authority: Recent Developments May 25, 2021 Over the past two decades, Congress has taken legislative action to address sexual misconduct in the military and to improve prevention, response, and accountability through the military justice system. Despite legislative changes and Department of Defense (DOD) initiatives, sexual ...
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| Date May 25, 2021 |
Report No. IN11682 |
Title
INSIGHTi Drug Enforcement Administration Set to Increase Registered Marijuana Manufacturers for Research Purposes May 25, 2021 On May 14, 2021, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) announced that it would soon register additional manufacturers to cultivate marijuana for research purposes. For over 50 years, the National Center for Natural Products Research at the University of Mississippi has ...
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| Date May 25, 2021 |
Report No. IG10022 |
Title
Congressional Research Service Immigration Court Proceedings: Process and Data May 25, 2021 Author Information Hillel R. Smith Legislative Attorney Holly Straut-Eppsteiner Analyst in Immigration Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at ...
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| Date May 24, 2021 |
Report No. R46802 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2021 May 24, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46802 SUMMARY Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2021 R46802 May 24, 2021 William L. Painter In February 2020, the Trump Administration requested an overall FY2021 Department of Specialist in Homeland Security and Homeland Security (DHS) budget that the ...
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| Date May 24, 2021 |
Report No. R46800 |
Title
Temporary Business-Related Tax Provisions Expiring 2021-2027 and Business Tax Extenders May 24, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46800 SUMMARY Temporary and Expiring Business Tax Provisions Fifteen temporary business tax provisions that expired in 2020 were extended or made permanent by the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, enacted as ...
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| Date May 24, 2021 |
Report No. R46798 |
Title
Intelligence Community Presidentially Appointed Senate Confirmed Officials (PAS) During the Administrations of Presidents George W. Bush, Barack H. Obama, and Donald J. Trump: In Brief May 24, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46798 Intelligence Community Presidentially Appointed Senate Confirmed Officials (PAS) Contents Introduction ...
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| Date May 24, 2021 |
Report No. R46799 |
Title
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): Legal Issues May 24, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46799 SUMMARY The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): Legal Issues R46799 May 24, 2021 Jared P. Cole Schools generate and maintain numerous student records, including grades, standardized test Legislative Attorney scores, disciplinary ...
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| Date May 24, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10602 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Declines Request to Revisit Precedent Barring Military Cadet s Sexual Assault Claim Against United States May 24, 2021 With various exceptions, the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) enables plaintiffs to sue the United States when a federal employee commits a wrongful or negligent act that causes personal injury or death. However, in Feres v. United States, the Supreme ...
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