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Report No.
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Title |
| Date Aug. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11717 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposals for a National Secure Data Service, in Context August 5, 2021 On June 28, 2021, the House passed H.R. 2225, the National Science Foundation for the Future Act, which would authorize appropriations and certain activities. One provision would establish a National Secure Data Service (NSDS) demonstration project. The proposal relates to a recommendation from an earlier Commission ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46867 |
Title
Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 Consultation and Infrastructure Projects August 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46867 SUMMARY Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 Consultation and Infrastructure Projects Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) requires federal agencies (often referred to as action agencies) to ensure ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46711 |
Title
U.S. Public Health Service: COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations in the 116th Congress Updated August 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46711 SUMMARY U.S. Public Health Service: COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations in the 116th Congress Within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), eight agencies and two offices are designated components of the ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2021 |
Report No. IF11888 |
Title
August 3, 2021 SEC s September 2020 Rule Toughens Resubmission of Shareholder Proposals At a publicly traded company s annual or special meeting, its shareholders typically vote to appoint board members and adopt or reject various shareholder- and managementsponsored business proposals, including executive compensation and corporate mergers. Most generally require board adoption to be implemented. ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2021 |
Report No. 96-950 |
Title
RICO: A Brief Sketch Updated August 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 96-950 RICO: A Brief Sketch Summary Congress enacted the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) provisions as part of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970. Despite its name and origin, RICO is not limited to mobsters or members of organized crime as those terms are ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2021 |
Report No. RS20376 |
Title
RICO: An Abridged Sketch Updated August 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20376 RICO: An Abridged Sketch Summary Congress enacted the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) provisions as part of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970. Despite its name and origin, RICO is not limited to mobsters or members of organized crime as those ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2021 |
Report No. R46863 |
Title
Federal Requirements for State and Military Registered Sex Offender Management August 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46863 SUMMARY Federal Requirements for State and Military Registered Sex Offender Management The federal government plays a role in the management of individuals convicted of certain sex offenses. In a law enforcement capacity, it enforces ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11715 |
Title
INSIGHTi Why Hasn t the Federal Reserve Tightened Monetary Policy in Response to Higher Inflation? August 2, 2021 Inflation (the rise in the price of goods and services) has been unusually high in recent months, reaching 4% as measured by the personal consumption expenditures index (PCE) over the 12 months ending in June 2021. For more information, see CRS Insight IN11644, Is High Inflation a Risk ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11716 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2021 Wildfire Season: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources August 2, 2021 Introduction This Insight provides a brief overview of Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declarations and federal assistance programs that may be available for wildfires on nonfederal lands. Wildfire Forecasts and Response Framework The federal government has the responsibility for wildfires that ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11714 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congress Considers the IG Independence and Empowerment Act (H.R. 2662) August 2, 2021 The IG Independence and Empowerment Act (H.R. 2662; H.Rept. 117-66) would amend the Inspector General Act of 1978 (IG Act, 5 U.S.C. Appx.) and alter the independence and operations of inspectors general (IGs) in potentially significant ways. The bill includes provisions that would, among other things, ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2021 |
Report No. R46871 |
Title
National Apprenticeship Act of 2021 (H.R. 447) August 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46871 SUMMARY National Apprenticeship Act of 2021 (H.R. 447) Apprenticeship is a workforce development strategy that trains a worker in a recognized occupation using a structured combination of on-the-job training and related instruction. Congress has expressed interest in ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10632 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Litigation of the CDC s Eviction Moratorium August 2, 2021 On August 1, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s (CDC s) order imposing a nationwide, temporary federal moratorium on residential evictions for the nonpayment of rent expired. The order was designed to prevent the further spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by preventing homelessness and ...
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| Date July 30, 2021 |
Report No. R46862 |
Title
How Are Reporting Requirements Submitted to Congress? July 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46862 SUMMARY How Are Reporting Requirements Submitted to Congress? Congress may direct federal agencies, commissions, and the President to prepare and submit required reports to Congress or its committees as a function of its oversight of the executive branch or to ...
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| Date July 29, 2021 |
Report No. R46636 |
Title
COVID-19 and the U.S. Timber Industry Updated July 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46636 SUMMARY COVID-19 and the U.S. Timber Industry The timber industry is a diverse commodity industry, wherein cut trees (timber) are converted to a wide variety of articles made from wood (wood products). The largest wood product sectors in the United States are lumber, ...
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| Date July 29, 2021 |
Report No. RL32048 |
Title
Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options Updated July 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32048 SUMMARY Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options U.S.-Iran relations have been mostly adversarial since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, occasionally flaring into direct conflict while at other times witnessing negotiations or tacit ...
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| Date July 29, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10631 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The American Rescue Plan Act: Equal Protection Challenges July 29, 2021 Following the enactment of the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) earlier this year, several lawsuits have been filed in federal court alleging that certain race- or sex-conscious relief that the ARPA authorizes is unconstitutional on equal protection grounds. These complaints have challenged aspects of the ARPA ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46864 |
Title
Alternative Fuels and Vehicles: Legislative Proposals July 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46864 SUMMARY R46864 Alternative Fuels and Vehicles: Legislative Proposals July 28, 2021 Congress continues to pursue broad goals of reducing petroleum-based fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in road transportation. Legislative proposals in the 116th ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. IN11710 |
Title
INSIGHTi Carbon Capture and Sequestration Tax Credit ( Section 45Q ) Legislation in the 117th Congress July 28, 2021 The tax credit for carbon oxide sequestration (Internal Revenue Code [IRC] Section 45Q) is intended to incentivize investment in carbon capture and sequestration technologies (also known as carbon capture and storage [CCS]). While deployment of CCS technology has been limited to ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. RS20752 |
Title
Submission of the President s Budget in Transition Years Updated July 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20752 Submission of the President s Budget in Transition Years Summary At the time of a presidential transition, one question commonly asked is whether the outgoing or incoming President submits the budget for the upcoming fiscal year. Under past practices ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46861 |
Title
Health Equity and Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brief Overview of the Federal Role July 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46861 COVID-19 Pandemic Equity, Disparities, and the Federal Role Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. IN11709 |
Title
INSIGHTi Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and Financial Services Disintermediation: Policy Challenges July 28, 2021 Decentralized finance (DeFi) is one of the fastest-growing areas within the digital asset industry. Total value locked (TVL), a common measure of market size for DeFi referring to the value of the digital assets committed for transactions in DeFi systems, reportedly reached $89 billion ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46625 |
Title
Salton Sea Restoration Updated July 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46625 SUMMARY Salton Sea Restoration The Salton Sea a lake located in Southern California is the largest inland water body in the state. The sea has few natural inlets of water, has no natural outlets, and is largely sustained by agricultural runoff from farmlands in the Imperial and ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. IN11713 |
Title
INSIGHTi How Stable Are Stablecoins? July 28, 2021 Stablecoins are a type of digital asset generally designed to maintain a stable value by linking its value to another asset or a basket of assets. The term stablecoin does not affirm that a particular coin actually achieves a stable value. Some consider terms such as private asset-linked tokens as better descriptors of the nature of the ...
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| Date July 28, 2021 |
Report No. IN11712 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Economic Development Administration s American Rescue Plan (ARP) Act Grant Programs July 28, 2021 On July 22, 2021, Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo announced the availability of approximately $3 billion of grant funding to help communities with recovery efforts in response to economic injury caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Federal assistance is now ...
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| Date July 26, 2021 |
Report No. R46856 |
Title
Surprise Billing in Private Health Insurance: Overview of Federal Consumer Protections and Payment for Out-of-Network Services July 26, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46856 SUMMARY Surprise Billing in Private Health Insurance: Overview of Federal Consumer Protections and Payment for Out-of-Network Services The term surprise billing typically refers to ...
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| Date July 26, 2021 |
Report No. R46446 |
Title
Tribal Energy Resource Agreements (TERAs): Approval Process and Selected Issues for Congress Updated July 26, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46446 SUMMARY Tribal Energy Resource Agreements (TERAs): Approval Process and Selected Issues for Congress R46446 July 26, 2021 Tana Fitzpatrick Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Congress provided federally ...
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| Date July 23, 2021 |
Report No. IN11708 |
Title
INSIGHTi Crypto-Asset Exchanges: Current Practices and Policy Issues July 23, 2021 Crypto-asset exchanges, which include cryptocurrency exchanges and are also referred to as digital asset trading platforms, are market structures where digital asset buying and selling can occur. Some industry observers perceive digital asset trading platforms as similar to securities exchanges in functionality. ...
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| Date July 23, 2021 |
Report No. IF11885 |
Title
July 23, 2021 De-Dollarization Efforts in China and Russia For more than a decade, China and Russia have sought to reduce their use of the U.S. dollar, or de-dollarize their economies, in an effort to shield their economies from U.S. sanctions, reduce exposure to the effects of U.S. economic and monetary policy, and assert global economic leadership. While China and Russia have somewhat reduced ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. R46851 |
Title
FY2020 and FY2021 Agriculture Appropriations: Federal Food Safety Activities July 22, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46851 SUMMARY FY2020 and FY2021 Agriculture Appropriations: Federal Food Safety Activities Various federal, state, and local jurisdictions share responsibility for the safety of the U.S. food supply. Federal regulation of food safety primarily ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. R46852 |
Title
The World Trade Organization s (WTO s) Appellate Body: Key Disputes and Controversies July 22, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46852 SUMMARY The World Trade Organization s (WTO s) Appellate Body: Key Disputes and Controversies R46852 July 22, 2021 Nina M. Hart Legislative Attorney The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a 164-member international organization ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. R46849 |
Title
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2022 Budget Request Fact Sheet July 22, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46849 HUD: FY2022 Budget Request Fact Sheet Introduction This report provides a brief overview of the FY2022 budget request for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), with links to relevant Administration budget documents ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. IN11707 |
Title
INSIGHTi American Rescue Plan Act of 2021: Arts and Cultural Provisions July 22, 2021 On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) was signed into law. Among other provisions, ARPA appropriated FY2021 funding to the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). This CRS ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10630 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Hot Pursuit Doctrine and Fleeing Misdemeanor Suspects: Case-by-Case Analysis Required July 22, 2021 On June 23, 2021, the Supreme Court issued an opinion in Lange v. California holding that under the Fourth Amendment, the pursuit of a fleeing misdemeanor suspect does not categorically qualify as an exigent circumstance justifying a law enforcement officer s warrantless entry of a ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10629 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Privacy Law and Private Rights of Action: Standing After TransUnion v. Ramirez July 22, 2021 Data privacy continues to be an important issue for legislators at both the state and federal levels, and a frequent consideration for privacy legislation is whether consumers will be able to sue those who violate their privacy rights. The availability of federal courts to hear litigation ...
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| Date July 22, 2021 |
Report No. IF11884 |
Title
July 22, 2021 Neighborhood Homes Investment Act: Overview and Policy Considerations The Neighborhood Homes Investment Act (NHIA; S. 98 and H.R. 2143) would create a tax credit intended to encourage the development of affordable homes for ownership in lower-income areas. The Biden Administration has called for passage of the proposal. The bill was previously introduced in the 116th Congress (S. ...
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| Date July 21, 2021 |
Report No. R46647 |
Title
Tribal Land and Ownership Statuses: Overview and Selected Issues for Congress Updated July 21, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46647 SUMMARY Tribal Land and Ownership Statuses: Overview and Selected Issues for Congress R46647 July 21, 2021 Tana Fitzpatrick Specialist in Natural Tribal lands can have a complicated and intermingled mix of land ownership statuses. ...
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| Date July 21, 2021 |
Report No. IF10973 |
Title
Updated July 21, 2021 Craft Alcoholic Beverage Industry: Overview and Regulation American production of craft alcoholic beverages whether beer, wine, liqueurs, distilled spirits, cider/perry, mead, or fermented drinks has increased in recent years in response to rising demand. In 2020, there were an estimated 21,745 businesses producing craft beverages in the United States, with sales of roughly $ ...
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| Date July 21, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10628 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Circuit Examines the Scope of Presidential Tariff Authority July 21, 2021 In response to perceived unfair trade practices of other countries, the Trump Administration imposed tariffs and other trade restrictions on billions of dollars of imported products using authority that Congress delegated to the executive branch in various provisions of federal law. To justify the ...
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| Date July 21, 2021 |
Report No. IN11706 |
Title
INSIGHTi Department of Defense Nutrition Standards July 21, 2021 Introduction Some Members of Congress have repeatedly expressed interest in maintaining a ready and capable military. Meeting readiness and capability requirements includes preserving the health and fitness of American servicemembers. Various factors, including physical fitness, body composition, access to nutritious foods and the ...
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| Date July 21, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10627 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Unpaused: District Court Enjoins Biden Administration from Pausing Oil and Gas Leasing on Federal Land July 21, 2021 The President and the Secretary of the Interior have broad authority to administer oil and natural gas exploration and production on federal lands, but that authority has some limits. A federal judge in the Western District of Louisiana articulated one such limit last ...
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| Date July 21, 2021 |
Report No. IF11883 |
Title
July 21, 2021 The SEC s September 2020 Reform on Investor Eligibility to Advance Shareholder Proposals At a publicly traded company s annual or special meeting, its shareholders typically vote to appoint board members and adopt or reject various shareholder- and managementsponsored business proposals, which generally require board adoption to be implemented. There were reportedly 858 shareholder ...
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| Date July 20, 2021 |
Report No. R45149 |
Title
Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): A Summary of the Statute Updated July 20, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45149 SUMMARY Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): A Summary of the Statute In 1976, Congress enacted the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; P.L. 94-469) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to ...
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| Date July 20, 2021 |
Report No. R46833 |
Title
The Office of Personnel Management (OPM): An Overview Updated July 20, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46833 SUMMARY The Office of Personnel Management (OPM): An Overview The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is authorized by statute to perform various duties and functions that are related to human resources management and personnel policies for the federal ...
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| Date July 20, 2021 |
Report No. IF10490 |
Title
Updated July 20, 2021 Veterans Employment Veterans employment outcomes are a topic of ongoing congressional interest. This In Focus provides a summary of the recent performance of former members of the Armed Forces in the civilian labor market and brief descriptions of major federal programs and policies that support veterans employment. Performance of Veterans in the Labor Market Veterans account ...
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| Date July 20, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10626 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Holds Alaska Native Corporations Are Indian Tribes Entitled to CARES Act Funds July 20, 2021 On June 25, 2021, in Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Indian Reservation (Chehalis), the Supreme Court rejected a challenge to the Department of the Treasury s (Treasury) decision to distribute to the Alaska Native Corporations (ANCs) approximately $450 million of ...
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| Date July 20, 2021 |
Report No. IN11704 |
Title
INSIGHTi House Committee Bill Would Provide 22% Transportation Spending Boost July 20, 2021 The FY2022 appropriations bill for the Department of Transportation (DOT) was marked up in the House Appropriations Committee on Friday, July 16, as part of the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations Act, and was combined with six other appropriations bills ...
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| Date July 19, 2021 |
Report No. R46845 |
Title
India-U.S. Relations July 19, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46845 SUMMARY India-U.S. Relations India is expected to become the world s most populous country, home to about one of every six people. Many factors combine to infuse India s government and people with great power aspirations: its rich civilization and history; expanding strategic horizons; ...
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| Date July 19, 2021 |
Report No. R46848 |
Title
Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-171) and Veterans COMPACT Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-214) July 19, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46848 SUMMARY Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-171) and Veterans COMPACT Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-214) Suicide is the 10th ...
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| Date July 19, 2021 |
Report No. R46843 |
Title
International Financial Messaging Systems July 19, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46843 SUMMARY International Financial Messaging Systems The growth of international trade in goods and services has led to a growth in the volume and value of cross-border payments. International financial messaging systems play an important role as part of the global financial ...
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| Date July 19, 2021 |
Report No. IN11699 |
Title
INSIGHTi Haiti: Concerns After the Presidential Assassination Updated July 19, 2021 Armed assailants assassinated Haitian President Jovenel Mo se in his private home in the capital, Port-auPrince, early on July 7, 2021 (see Figure 1). Many details of the attack remain under investigation. Haitian police have arrested more than 20 people, including former Colombian soldiers, two Haitian Americans, ...
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