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| Date Nov. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46958 |
Title
Federal Firearms Law: Selected Developments in the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches November 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46958 SUMMARY Federal Firearms Law: Selected Developments in the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches R46958 November 3, 2021 Michael A. Foster Legislative Attorney Firearm regulation in the United States is an ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. R46957 |
Title
Recreational Access Acquisitions: Overview and Recent Funding History November 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46957 SUMMARY Recreational Access Acquisitions: Overview of Appropriations, Authorities, and Issues Four federal land management agencies (FLMAs) administer about 95% of federal land. They are the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the U.S. Fish and ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. RL30802 |
Title
Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers Updated November 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30802 Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers Summary The Constitution provides Congress with broad powers over the Armed Forces, including the power to to raise and support Armies, to provide and maintain a Navy, to make Rules for ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. R46691 |
Title
Clean Energy Standards: Selected Issues for the 117th Congress Updated November 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46691 SUMMARY Clean Energy Standards: Selected Issues for the 117th Congress For many years, policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been of interest to Congress. Congressional and constituent interest continues in the 117th ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. R46955 |
Title
Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress November 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46955 SUMMARY Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress On September 7, 2021, the Taliban announced a caretaker government to rule Afghanistan. The announcement came weeks after the Taliban, a Sunni Islamist extremist ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10654 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Due Process Rights for Guantanamo Detainees November 2, 2021 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) granted a petition for rehearing en banc in Al Hela v. Biden, vacating a three-judge panel opinion holding that law-of-war prisoners detained at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, are not entitled to due process under the U.S. ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11787 |
Title
INSIGHTi Military Criminal Justice System November 2, 2021 Background Military law comprises federal law, constitutional authority, and inherent command authority. It is meant to promote justice, efficiency, and discipline in the armed services. Jurisdiction under military law is based on the U.S. Constitution and relevant aspects of international law. Military law jurisdiction is exercised ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11785 |
Title
INSIGHTi Continued State Flexibility to Assist Older Foster Youth Act Updated November 2, 2021 Older youth in, or leaving, foster care during the COVID-19 pandemic face especially tough housing, job, and other prospects. On October 27, 2021, the House passed (by voice vote) the Continued State Flexibility to Assist Older Foster Youth Act (H.R. 5661). Introduced by Representative Danny Davis with ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46952 |
Title
Reduction in Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) November 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46952 SUMMARY Reduction in Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) Many stakeholders are concerned with the status of global forests and the effects of deforestation and forest degradation, for several reasons. Forests store ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IN11784 |
Title
INSIGHTi Rapidly Growing Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Financing: Market Developments and Policy Issues Updated November 1, 2021 Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a form of point-of-sales financing. With BNPL financing, a consumer can purchase an item now and pay for it later on an agreed upon payment schedule. BNPL financing is often offered online and has generally been developed by technology-focused, ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10653 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 25 Oct. 31, 2021) November 1, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on the orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R46951 |
Title
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations October 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46951 SUMMARY Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and in evennumbered ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IF11789 |
Title
March 11, 2021 COVID-19 Variants: Vaccines, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics Introduction As SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread widely over time, a number of new variants have been identified globally. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a new virus variant has one or more mutations that differentiate it from the wild-type or predominant virus ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46947 |
Title
U.S. Climate Change Policy October 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46947 SUMMARY U.S. Climate Change Policy The greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere trap radiant energy, warming earth s surface and oceans. Scientific assessments conclude that GHGs very likely have been the main driver of warming of the earth s lower atmosphere since 1979. The most ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46948 |
Title
Access to Short-Term Disability Plans: In Brief October 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46948 SUMMARY Access to Short-Term Disability Plans: In Brief R46948 October 28, 2021 Short-term disability also known as paid medical leave provides temporary wage replacement benefits for eligible workers who are unable to perform their duties in the near term due to ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2021 |
Report No. R45943 |
Title
The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History Updated October 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45943 The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History Summary Title IX, the energy title, of the 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; P.L. 115334) contains authority for the energy programs administered by the U.S. ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2021 |
Report No. IF11956 |
Title
October 28, 2021 Bank Mergers and Acquisitions On July 9, 2021, President Biden issued an executive order on competition, which, among other things, encourages the Attorney General and the federal banking regulators to review current practices and adopt a plan, not later than 180 days after the date of this order, for the revitalization of merger oversight. Congress has been interested in mergers ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2021 |
Report No. IF11958 |
Title
October 28, 2021 Sexual Misconduct on Merchant Ships of the United States Background In 1988, the Government Accountability Office studied sexual assaults of female seafarers and recommended a requirement for the Coast Guard to be notified of these incidents (see 46 U.S.C. 10104). Starting in 2009, Congress has addressed sexual assault during seafarer training with specific legislation (see P.L. ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10652 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The USA PATRIOT Act at 20: Sneak and Peek Searches October 27, 2021 President George W. Bush signed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ( USA PATRIOT Act or Act) on October 26, 2001. Section 213 of the Act, enacted as part of the legislative response to the 9/11/01 terrorist attacks, authorizes ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2021 |
Report No. IF11955 |
Title
October 26, 2021 Freedom of Information Act Requests in FY2020: By the Numbers The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA; 5 U.S.C. 552) establishes a presumption that agency records in the possession of the executive branch and departments of the federal government are accessible to the public. Under FOIA, the burden of proof to access government information shifted from a requester s need to know to a ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2021 |
Report No. RS20946 |
Title
Medicare: Insolvency Projections Updated October 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20946 Medicare: Insolvency Projections Summary Medicare is the nation s health insurance program for persons aged 65 and older and certain disabled persons. Medicare consists of four distinct parts: Part A (Hospital Insurance, or HI); Part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance, ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2021 |
Report No. R45399 |
Title
Military Medical Care: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45399 SUMMARY Military Medical Care: Frequently Asked Questions R45399 October 25, 2021 Bryce H. P. Mendez Analyst in Defense Health Military medical care is a congressionally authorized entitlement that has expanded in Care Policy size and scope since the late ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10651 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Texas Heartbeat Act (S.B. 8), Whole Woman s Health v. Jackson, and United States v. Texas: Frequently Asked Questions October 25, 2021 The Texas Heartbeat Act (S.B. 8) is a state law that prohibits physicians from performing or inducing an abortion once a fetal heartbeat is detected. Since S.B. 8 took effect on September 1, 2021, Texas abortion providers have generally stopped ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10650 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 18 Oct. 24, 2021) October 25, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on the orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2021 |
Report No. R46944 |
Title
Cybersecurity: Comparison of Selected Cyber Incident Reporting Bills In Brief Updated October 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46944 Cybersecurity: Comparison of Selected Cyber Incident Reporting Bills In Brief Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Tables ...
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| Date Oct. 22, 2021 |
Report No. IN11783 |
Title
INSIGHTi H.R. 5376 Universal Paid Family and Medical Leave Benefit Formula, and the Distribution of Workers across Selected Earnings Groups October 22, 2021 H.R. 5376 (Title XIII, Subtitle A) proposes a new federal cash benefit for eligible individuals engaged in certain types of family and medical caregiving. Benefits would be calculated on a weekly basis (paid monthly) for up to a maximum of 12 ...
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| Date Oct. 22, 2021 |
Report No. IF11954 |
Title
October 22, 2021 Tax Changes for Estates and Trusts in the Build Back Better Act (BBBA) The Build Back Better Act (BBBA; H.R. 5376) would revise the estate and gift tax and treatment of trusts. It would eliminate the temporary increase in exemptions enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA; P.L. 115-97), increase the limits on certain discounts of value for businesses to reflect use rather than ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2021 |
Report No. R43122 |
Title
Medicare Financial Status: In Brief Updated October 21, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43122 Medicare Financial Status: In Brief Contents Overview of the Medicare Program ................................................................................................ 1 Four Parts of Medicare ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2021 |
Report No. IN11781 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Freedom to Vote Act (S. 2747): Selected Major Provisions Updated October 21, 2021 On September 14, 2021, Senator Klobuchar introduced S. 2747, the Freedom to Vote Act. On October 20, 2021, the Senate failed to invoke cloture on the motion to proceed to the bill. S. 2747 marks one of the latest legislative attempts in the 117th Congress to amend federal laws affecting elections and ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10649 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Resolving Subpoena Disputes in the January 6 Investigation Updated October 21, 2021 The inquiry conducted by the House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the U.S. Capitol (Select Committee) has recently garnered headlines not only for the Committee s extensive efforts to obtain information from a variety of public and private sources, but because at least one ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10584 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Compensation Programs for Potential COVID-19 Vaccine Injuries Updated October 20, 2021 More than 200 million Americans have received one or more doses of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, along with billions of people worldwide. The Food and Drug Administration s (FDA s) emergency use authorizations for the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2021 |
Report No. IF11950 |
Title
October 20, 2021 COVID-19 Impact on Access to Military Service Records Servicemembers and other constituents may require access to military service records for many reasons, including providing proof of service to obtain government benefits. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many federal agencies moved from on-site work to remote work status for the safety and health of ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2021 |
Report No. IN11772 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Proposed IRS Bank Reporting Requirement: Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 20, 2021 A proposal to require financial institutions to report information to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on personal and business accounts has garnered significant publicity and congressional attention. The proposal is commonly referenced as the new IRS bank reporting requirement. This Insight ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2021 |
Report No. R42959 |
Title
Recent Changes in the Estate and Gift Tax Provisions Updated October 19, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42959 Recent Changes in the Estate and Gift Tax Provisions Summary The American Taxpayer Relief Act (A TRA; P.L. 112-240) established permanent rules for the estate and gift tax for 2013 going forward. The tax revision of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) doubled the ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2021 |
Report No. IF11949 |
Title
October 19, 2021 Addressing Unruly Airline Passengers As airline passengers have returned to flying in increasing numbers following the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19)-related drop in ridership during 2020, the number of reported unruly passenger incidents has increased substantially. Objections to mask requirements and excessive alcohol consumption have been cited as key contributors to the ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. R46942 |
Title
Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Nonresident Parents October 18, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46942 SUMMARY Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Nonresident Parents R46942 October 18, 2021 Patrick A. Landers More than 9.7 million parents in the United States did not live with one or more of their children Analyst in Social Policy ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. R45417 |
Title
World Trade Organization: Overview and Future Direction Updated October 18, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45417 SUMMARY World Trade Organization: Overview and Future Direction Historically, U.S. leadership of the global trading system has ensured the United States a seat at the table to shape the international trade agenda in ways that both advance and defend ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. R46940 |
Title
Military Justice Disposition Delimitation Legislation in the 117th Congress October 18, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46940 SUMMARY Military Justice Disposition Delimitation Legislation in the 117th Congress This report provides a framework for Congress to consider the three disposition delimitation proposals in the House and Senate FY2022 National Defense ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. R46941 |
Title
Financial Literacy and Financial Education Policy Issues October 18, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46941 SUMMARY Financial Literacy and Financial Education Policy Issues R46941 October 18, 2021 Cheryl R. Cooper Throughout their lives, Americans make financial decisions about saving, borrowing, and Analyst in Financial Economics investing that can be complex ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. IN11769 |
Title
INSIGHTi Iraq s October 2021 Election Updated October 18, 2021 Iraqis Rebalance Forces in Parliament, Turn to Government Formation On October 10, 2021, Iraqis voted in an early election to determine the makeup of the unicameral Council of Representatives (COR), Iraq s national legislature. The COR elects Iraq s president and approves the prime minister s program and cabinet nominees. The election ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. IN11778 |
Title
INSIGHTi Lebanon: New Mikati Government Faces Challenges October 18, 2021 After thirteen months of paralysis, and facing economic crisis, Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati and President Michel Aoun agreed on the composition of a new government in September 2021, following mediation efforts by France and Iran. The new government dominated by a coalition of Hezbollah and its political allies ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. IF11947 |
Title
October 18, 2021 The Internet Tax Freedom Act and Federal Preemption Congress enacted the Internet Tax Freedom Act to establish a moratorium on the imposition of state and local taxes that would interfere with the free flow of interstate commerce over the internet. The permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act (ITFA), 47 U.S.C. 151 note, preempts state and local governments from levying (1) taxes on ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10648 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 11 Oct. 17, 2021) October 18, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on precedential decisions of the ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2021 |
Report No. R46938 |
Title
Federal Excise Taxes: Background and General Analysis October 15, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46938 SUMMARY Federal Excise Taxes: Background and General Analysis In the tax policy context, excise taxes are selective taxes on specific consumption or behavior (in contrast with sales taxes, which tend to apply to all consumption, with some exceptions). Today, ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2021 |
Report No. R46449 |
Title
Tallying Federal Funding for COVID-19: In Brief Updated October 15, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46449 SUMMARY Tallying Federal Funding for COVID-19: In Brief Six pieces of legislation have been enacted as of the date of publication that included federal funding for response to and recovery from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: R46449 ...
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| Date Oct. 15, 2021 |
Report No. IF11946 |
Title
October 15, 2021 Social Security Financial Status: How the 2021 Annual Report Addressed the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Background Revenues, Cost, and the Trust Funds Social Security is a self-financing program that in 2021 covers approximately 176 million workers and provides monthly cash benefits to over 65 million beneficiaries. It is the federal government s largest program in terms of ...
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| Date Oct. 14, 2021 |
Report No. R46937 |
Title
Russian Arms Sales and Defense Industry October 14, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46937 SUMMARY Russian Arms Sales and Defense Industry R46937 October 14, 2021 Arms sales are a central element of Russia s foreign policy and are closely controlled by the government to advance economic and strategic objectives. Russian arms sales Andrew S. Bowen Analyst in ...
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| Date Oct. 14, 2021 |
Report No. R46939 |
Title
Underemployment, Recessions, and Poverty October 14, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46939 SUMMARY Underemployment, Recessions, and Poverty Having a job greatly reduces the likelihood of being in poverty: 5.0% of workers in the United States aged 18 to 64 were poor in 2020 compared with 28.8% of nonworkers. But having a job does not completely eliminate the ...
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| Date Oct. 14, 2021 |
Report No. IF11944 |
Title
October 14, 2021 Tribal Lands: An Overview Tribal lands can have a complicated and intermingled mix of land ownership and designation statuses. For instance, some federally recognized Indian tribes (hereinafter referred to as tribes) have reservations, whereas other tribes do not. Tribes may have land held in trust by the federal government or tribes may own restricted fee lands. Still other ...
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| Date Oct. 14, 2021 |
Report No. IN11776 |
Title
INSIGHTi USPS Changes Postal Service Standards October 14, 2021 Under new regulations that went into effect on October 1, 2021, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) adjusted its service standards on select market-dominant products, specifically First-Class Mail and Periodicals. Service standards reflect USPS s estimate of the amount of time it will take to deliver a piece of mail. The new standards ...
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