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| Date Nov. 19, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10660 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Bannon Indictment and Prosecution November 19, 2021 The Department of Justice (DOJ) announced on November 12, 2021, that a federal grand jury in Washington, DC, had indicted Stephen K. Bannon on two counts of contempt of Congress. The indictment follows as a consequence of Bannon s noncompliance with subpoenas issued by the House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th ...
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| Date Nov. 18, 2021 |
Report No. R40939 |
Title
Legislative Branch Revolving Funds Updated November 18, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40939 Legislative Branch Revolving Funds Summary Legislative branch revolving funds support the business-type activities of the House, Senate, and legislative branch agencies. The revolving funds are generally established as a means of accounting either for services provided ...
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| Date Nov. 18, 2021 |
Report No. IN11751 |
Title
INSIGHTi Universal Preschool in the Build Back Better Act Updated November 18, 2021 On November 3, 2021, the House Committee on Rules released a modified version of the Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376) in Rules Committee Print 117-18. This version would establish a Universal Preschool (UPK) program in Section 23002. On November 15, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the UPK program would ...
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| Date Nov. 18, 2021 |
Report No. IN11750 |
Title
INSIGHTi Child Care in the Build Back Better Act Updated November 18, 2021 On November 3, 2021, the House Rules Committee released a modified version of the Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376) in Rules Committee Print 117-18. This version would establish a Birth Through Five Child Care and Early Learning Entitlement ( 23001). On November 17, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the Birth ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2021 |
Report No. IN11053 |
Title
INSIGHTi Redistricting Commissions for Congressional Districts Updated November 17, 2021 Historically, state legislatures have determined congressional district boundaries, and this remains true in most states. The role of political actors in redistricting at times leads to concerns, by some, about conflicting incentives, if the process is used by incumbents to help boost their parties electoral ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2021 |
Report No. R46968 |
Title
U.S. Agency for Global Media: Background, Governance, and Issues for Congress November 17, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46968 SUMMARY U.S. Agency for Global Media: Background, Governance, and Issues for Congress R46968 November 17, 2021 Matthew C. Weed Since the beginning of modern U.S. international broadcasting during World War II, debates over Specialist ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10658 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Fifth Circuit Stays OSHA Vaccination and Testing Standard Updated November 17, 2021 On November 12, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Fifth Circuit) reaffirmed its initial stay of a new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) emergency temporary standard (ETS) that would generally require private employers with 100 or more employees to establish and ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2021 |
Report No. IF11976 |
Title
November 17, 2021 Multidistrict and Multicircuit Litigation: Coordinating Related Federal Cases Sometimes a single event or a common set of facts spurs litigation in multiple federal courts. For instance, a plane crash or a widespread product defect may affect individuals from many states and lead to numerous related district court lawsuits, or a federal regulation with national reach may trigger ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2021 |
Report No. R46887 |
Title
Minimum Taxes on Business Income: Background and Policy Options Updated November 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46887 SUMMARY Minimum Taxes on Business Income: Background and Policy Options Some large corporations pay little or no U.S. tax as they report significant profits to shareholders. In an effort to curb tax avoidance among the largest corporations, ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2021 |
Report No. IF11501 |
Title
Updated November 16, 2021 Carbon Capture Versus Direct Air Capture Carbon capture and direct air capture (DAC) have gained prominence in recent years as options to address climate change. The two technologies have similarities (beyond their names), but they also have differences. Key differences include how the technologies work, where the technology can be used, how the technology can address ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2021 |
Report No. R46616 |
Title
Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress Updated November 15, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46616 SUMMARY Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress R46616 November 15, 2021 Andrew S. Bowen Following Russia s occupation of Ukraine s Crimea region and invasion of eastern Ukraine in Analyst in Russian and European ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2021 |
Report No. R46967 |
Title
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58): Summary of the Broadband Provisions in Division F November 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46967 SUMMARY R46967 The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58): Summary of the Broadband Provisions in Division F November 16, 2021 Division F of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. ...
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| Date Nov. 16, 2021 |
Report No. IF11975 |
Title
November 16, 2021 Social Security: Special Minimum Benefit and Windfall Elimination Provision Background Social Security is a work-related, federal insurance program that provides cash benefits to workers and their eligible family members in the event of the worker s retirement, disability, or death. Workers become eligible for future benefits by working in Social Security-covered employment (e.g. ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2021 |
Report No. IN11618 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congressional Redistricting Criteria and Considerations Updated November 15, 2021 Congressional redistricting involves creating geographic boundaries for U.S. House districts within a state. Following each decennial census, House districts are first allocated among states through apportionment (or reapportionment), then allocated within states based upon each state s redistricting ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10657 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 8 Nov. 14, 2021) November 15, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on the orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2021 |
Report No. IF11971 |
Title
November 15, 2021 Congress s Authority to Regulate Interstate Commerce Clause 3 of Article I Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, generally referred to as the Commerce Clause, is one of the enumerated powers under which Congress may legislate. The clause states that Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes. ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2021 |
Report No. IF11972 |
Title
November 15, 2021 Title 36 Congressional Charters In the United States, the states have generally had the authority to create and oversee corporate entities within their boundaries. Beginning with the Bank of the United States statutory establishment in 1791, however, Congress periodically has passed legislation to incorporate both public and private organizations. Broadly speaking, the term ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2021 |
Report No. IF11973 |
Title
November 15, 2021 Plus-Minus Amendments to Regular Appropriations Measures Plus-Minus Amendments In current practice, the House of Representatives typically provides for Members to offer amendments during the initial consideration of regular appropriations bills. Among the various types of amendments that Members may offer are so-called plus-minus amendments. These amendments are typically drafted ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R46965 |
Title
The Department of Defense (DOD) Budget: An Orientation November 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46965 SUMMARY The Department of Defense (DOD) Budget: An Orientation This report uses the FY2022 budget request for the Department of Defense (DOD) to provide a general orientation to the composition and activities of that agency. R46965 November 12, 2021 Pat ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R43992 |
Title
The Congressional Review Act (CRA): Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43992 The Congressional Review Act (CRA): Frequently Asked Questions Summary The Congressional Review Act (CRA) is a tool that Congress may use to overturn rules issued by federal agencies. The CRA was included as part of the Small Business ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R46418 |
Title
The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula Updated November 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46418 SUMMARY The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula The Department of Energy s (DOE s) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) enables lowincome families to reduce their energy consumption by making their dwellings more energy efficient. The WAP was ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R44247 |
Title
A Survey of House and Senate Committee Rules on Subpoenas Updated November 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44247 A Survey of House and Senate Committee Rules on Subpoenas Summary House Rule XI, clauses 2(m)(1) and (3), authorizes House committees and subcommittees to issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses and the production of documents. Senate ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2021 |
Report No. R46966 |
Title
The Build Back Better Act, Universal Comprehensive Paid Leave Benefit Formula (as in November 3 Text), and State-Level Distribution of Workers: In Brief November 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46966 SUMMARY The Build Back Better Act, Universal Comprehensive Paid Leave Benefit Formula (as in November 3 Text), and State-Level Distribution of Workers: In ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2021 |
Report No. IN11799 |
Title
INSIGHTi What s in the New U.S.-EU Steel and Aluminum Deal? November 12, 2021 On October 31, 2021, the United States and European Union (EU) announced a multifaceted agreement to address U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs on EU exports, imposed by the Trump Administration under Section 232, and EU retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. exports. The deal establishes a new tariff rate quota (TRQ) to ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2021 |
Report No. R45011 |
Title
Clearing the Air on the Debt Limit Updated November 10, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45011 Clearing the Air on the Debt Limit Summary As Congress considers how to reconcile rising federal debt levels and the debt limit, discussions about the role of the debt limit among Members of Congress, researchers, and the media promise to become more frequent. During ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2021 |
Report No. IF11968 |
Title
November 10, 2021 Stablecoins: Background and Policy Issues Stablecoins are digital assets generally designed to maintain a stable value by linking the value to a national currency or other reference assets. The term stablecoin does not affirm that a particular coin actually achieves a stable value. Some consider terms such as private asset-linked tokens as better descriptors considering the ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2021 |
Report No. IF11969 |
Title
November 10, 2021 Federal Support for the Municipal Bond Markets Introduction Municipal bonds are debt securities issued by state, city, county, and other nonfederal government agencies to pay for capital projects, such as highways, airports, sewers, bridges, schools, hospitals, and other public goods for residents. The municipal bond market consists of more than an estimated 1.5 million types of ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2021 |
Report No. IN11800 |
Title
INSIGHTi Supply Chain Bottlenecks at U.S. Ports November 10, 2021 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the potential vulnerabilities of global supply chains, which divide production processes (e.g., raw materials sourcing, parts assembly, distribution) into discrete stages located in multiple countries to achieve efficient production. Companies rely on a complex, global ...
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| Date Nov. 10, 2021 |
Report No. IF11142 |
Title
Updated November 10, 2021 Title X Family Planning Program: 2019 Final Rule The Title X Family Planning Program (Title X) is the only domestic federal program devoted solely to family planning and related preventive health services. The program provides grants to public and nonprofit agencies to establish and maintain family planning projects (Title X projects). A Title X grantee can undertake a ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46960 |
Title
Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act: Rules Committee Print 117-18 November 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46960 Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act: Rules Committee Print 117-18 Contents Tables Table 1. Subtitle E Infrastructure Financing and Community Development ............................... 4 Table 2. Subtitle F Green Energy ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF11965 |
Title
November 9, 2021 Cocaine: Crack and Powder Sentencing Disparities Distinguishing Crack and Powder Cocaine Cocaine is a stimulant drug, usually distributed in a powder form that can be snorted or injected after being dissolved in water. It can also appear in a more solid, chunk form, known as cocaine base or crack, which can be smoked. Whether consumed in powder or crack form, cocaine produces the ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF11431 |
Title
Updated November 9, 2021 EU Climate Action and U.S.-EU Relations The European Union: A Key Actor The European Union (EU) has played a leading role on international climate action for decades. It worked closely with the United States to negotiate the 2015 Paris Agreement (PA) to combat greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced climate change. Since 2019, the EU has raised its domestic climate ambitions further ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF11943 |
Title
Updated November 9, 2021 GILTI: Proposed Changes in the Taxation of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income The treatment of income earned abroad in U.S.-controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) has been extensively debated over the years. In the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), the tax treatment of foreign source income was altered. The prior system imposed taxes on CFCs income only when they ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF11970 |
Title
November 9, 2021 GI Bill Amendments Enacted in the 116th Congress: NonCOVID-19-Related The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers several GI Bills that provide grant aid to eligible veterans and servicemembers and their dependents who are enrolled in approved educational and training programs. The Post9/11 GI Bill, originally enacted by the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF11966 |
Title
November 9, 2021 Insider Trading Insider-trading law has been shaped by competing institutional forces and theoretical perspectives. While the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and federal prosecutors have pushed for broad theories of liability rooted in the value of equal access to information, the courts have implemented a narrower framework predicated on fiduciary duty and fraud. ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10656 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 1 Nov. 7, 2021) November 8, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on the orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IN11764 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Military s COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate Updated November 8, 2021 Since the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Members of Congress have expressed interest in Force Health Protection (FHP) measures the Department of Defense (DOD) might implement to protect servicemembers and mitigate pandemic-related threats to military operations. DOD has implemented a variety ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IN11796 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Debate Over Extending the Section 199A Deduction November 8, 2021 The tax law passed by Congress in 2017 (P.L. 115-97; also known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or TCJA) made significant changes in the taxation of corporate and noncorporate business income. Two key changes were a permanent cut in the corporate tax rate from a top rate of 35% to a single rate of 21%, and a temporary ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R42692 |
Title
SORNA: A Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 2250 (Failure to Register as a Sex Offender) Updated November 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42692 SUMMARY SORNA: A Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 2250 (Failure to Register as a Sex Offender) R42692 November 5, 2021 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in Section 2250(a) of Title 18 of the United States Code outlaws an ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11963 |
Title
November 5, 2021 Rollovers and Conversions to Roth IRAs and Designated Roth Accounts: Proposed Changes in Budget Reconciliation Introduction Individuals can save for retirement through tax-advantaged vehicles such as Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and qualified retirement plans (for instance, employersponsored 401(k)s or defined benefit plans). Individuals may be able to roll over savings ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11537 |
Title
INSIGHTi Air Force Tanker Strategy Changes Updated November 5, 2021 As discussed in the CRS report Air Force KC-46A Pegasus Tanker, the Air Force is in the process of replacing its fleet of 396 KC-135 Stratotanker refueling aircraft, built in the 1950s and 60s, and 59 KC-10 Extenders, which entered service in 1981. Recent announcements indicate that the planned replacement program is changing ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11794 |
Title
INSIGHTi A Comparison of Selected Paid Leave Program Provisions Included in H.R. 5376 and in House Rules Committee Print 117-18 November 5, 2021 H.R. 5376 (Title XIII, Subtitle A), as introduced on September, 27 2021, proposed a new federal cash benefit for eligible individuals engaged in certain types of family and medical caregiving. A modified proposal was included in House Rules Committee ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R42691 |
Title
SORNA: An Abridged Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 2250 (Failure to Register as a Sex Offender) Updated November 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42691 SUMMARY SORNA: An Abridged Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 2250 (Failure to Register as a Sex Offender) R42691 November 5, 2021 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in American Public Law Section 2250(a) of Title 18 of the ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46560 |
Title
Landsat 9 and the Future of the Sustainable Land Imaging Program Updated November 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46560 SUMMARY Landsat 9 and the Future of the Sustainable Land Imaging Program R46560 November 4, 2021 Anna E. Normand The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched Landsat 9, a remote Analyst in Natural Resources Policy ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2021 |
Report No. R46959 |
Title
Evolving Electric Power Systems and Cybersecurity November 4, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46959 SUMMARY Evolving Electric Power Systems and Cybersecurity R46959 November 4, 2021 Richard J. Campbell Electric power is generated in power plants across the country, and transferred through a network Specialist in Energy Policy of transmission lines at high ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10655 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Does the President Have the Power to Legalize Marijuana? Updated November 4, 2021 The legal status of marijuana has been a topic of recurring interest in recent years, as states, federal legislators, and federal executive agencies consider how to regulate cannabis and its derivatives. What role can the President play in determining the legal status of a controlled substance such as ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2021 |
Report No. IN11791 |
Title
INSIGHTi FYY2022 NDAA Military Personnel Issues: Preservation of the Force and Family Program November 4, 2021 Background The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) is the Unified Combatant Command (COCOM) responsible for training and equipping Special Operations Forces (SOF) of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force. Since at least 2001, frequent deployments, high personnel tempo ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2021 |
Report No. IN11793 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposed Extension of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) to American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands November 4, 2021 This Insight discusses Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and its proposed extension to American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands under House Rules Committee Print 117-18 (November 3, 2021), showing the text of H.R. 5376 ( Build ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46953 |
Title
Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43) November 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46953 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43) This report provides an analysis of the continuing appropriations provisions included in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of P.L. 117-43). On September 30, 2021 ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46956 |
Title
Agriculture and Forestry Offsets in Carbon Markets: Background and Selected Issues November 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46956 SUMMARY Agriculture and Forestry Offsets in Carbon Markets: Background and Selected Issues The number of private carbon market programs (also known as carbon market initiatives) that pay farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners ( ...
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