|
Date ↓
|
Report No.
|
Title |
| Date Oct. 14, 2021 |
Report No. IF11387 |
Title
Updated October 14, 2021 USMCA: Motor Vehicle Provisions and Issues Background The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), ratified by Congress on January 16, 2020, and signed into law on January 29, 2020 (P.L. 116-113), replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on July 1, 2020. NAFTA reduced and eliminated trade and investment barriers between the United States and two of ...
|
| Date Oct. 14, 2021 |
Report No. IN11535 |
Title
INSIGHTi Mexican Drug Trafficking and Cartel Operations amid COVID-19 Updated October 14, 2021 Mexico is a primary producer and transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States. Policymakers, including many in Congress, have closely watched how the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting illicit drug flow patterns out of Mexico, including the flow of potent ...
|
| Date Oct. 13, 2021 |
Report No. IN11774 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19-Related Impact on the Banking Industry: Conditions in the Second Quarter 2021 October 13, 2021 Bank regulation is designed to allow banks to withstand some amount of unexpected losses. Some observers have worried that the economic ramifications of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could result in enough borrowers missing loan payments to cause distress for banks. ...
|
| Date Oct. 13, 2021 |
Report No. IN11775 |
Title
2021 Hurricane Outlook and Review of 2020 Hurricane Season October 13, 2021 The potential for widespread storm destruction to the United States underscores the value of timely tropical cyclone forecasts. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for issuing tropical cyclone forecasts, including track, intensity, storm surge, and rainfall. NOAA defines a tropical ...
|
| Date Oct. 12, 2021 |
Report No. TE10068 |
Title
Statement of Alexis Arieff Specialist in African Affairs Before Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Middle East, North Africa and Global Counterterrorism U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Tunisia: Examining the State of Democracy and Next Steps for U.S. Policy October 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10068 Congressional Research Service 1 ...
|
| Date Oct. 12, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10647 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 4 Oct. 10, 2021) October 12, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on precedential decisions of the Supreme ...
|
| Date Oct. 12, 2021 |
Report No. IF11661 |
Title
Updated October 12, 2021 National Park Service: FY2021 Appropriations The National Park Service (NPS) administers the National Park System, which includes 423 units valued for their natural, cultural, and recreational importance. System lands cover 81 million federal acres and 4 million nonfederal acres. As part of the Department of the Interior (DOI), NPS receives funding in annual appropriations ...
|
| Date Oct. 7, 2021 |
Report No. R46934 |
Title
The Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP): In Brief October 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46934 SUMMARY The Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP): In Brief The Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP) is a policy aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the electric power sector. Details of the program were included in House ...
|
| Date Oct. 7, 2021 |
Report No. IF11942 |
Title
October 7, 2021 Human Trafficking: Key Federal Criminal Statutes Federal law criminalizes human trafficking, which typically involves the threat or use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain commercial sex acts, labor, or other services. See 22 U.S.C. 7102(11) (defining severe forms of trafficking in persons ). Trafficking-related offenses tend to carry lengthy prison terms, potentially including ...
|
| Date Oct. 7, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10646 |
Title
Legal Sidebari What s Next for WOTUS: Recent Litigation and Next Steps in Redefining Waters of the United States October 7, 2021 On September 3, 2021, the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that they halted implementation of the Navigable Waters Protection Rule, which defined waters of the United States (WOTUS) for purposes of establishing the ...
|
| Date Oct. 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN11357 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19-Related Loan Assistance for Agricultural Enterprises Updated October 7, 2021 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created the Small Business Administration s (SBA s) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), expanded eligibility for Emergency Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDLs), and established Emergency EIDL grants to provide short-term, ...
|
| Date Oct. 6, 2021 |
Report No. R46397 |
Title
SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Forgiveness: In Brief Updated October 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46397 SUMMARY SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Forgiveness: In Brief The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created the Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to ...
|
| Date Oct. 6, 2021 |
Report No. R46933 |
Title
Congressional Reform: A Perspective October 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46933 SUMMARY Congressional Reform: A Perspective Congressional reform is a perennial issue for the House and Senate. Typically, it means a change for the better; Members views on that may diverge significantly. Lawmakers who benefit from existing institutional arrangements are ...
|
| Date Oct. 6, 2021 |
Report No. IF11941 |
Title
October 6, 2021 Proposed Tobacco Excise Tax Changes in H.R. 5376, the Reconciliation Bill Federal tobacco excise taxes are a continuing interest for many in Congress seeking to improve public health and to raise revenue. Today, the tobacco tax is one of the largest federal excise taxes. In FY2020, it raised $12.4 billion for the General Fund. Table 1. Federal Tobacco Excise Tax Rates: Current Law ...
|
| Date Oct. 6, 2021 |
Report No. IF11040 |
Title
Updated October 6, 2021 The Pregnancy Assistance Fund The Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF) grant program was established by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended), which provided $25 million in annual mandatory funding for each of FY2010 through FY2019. (No new grants were issued after FY2019, effectively terminating the program; the ACA provisions that apply ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R46932 |
Title
Ransomware and Federal Law: Cybercrime and Cybersecurity October 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46932 SUMMARY Ransomware and Federal Law: Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Ransomware attacks the use of malicious software to deny users access to data and information systems to extort ransom payments from victims are prevalent. A recent notable example is the May ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R45008 |
Title
Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy Updated October 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45008 SUMMARY Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy Ukraine has been governed by President Volodymyr Zelensky and his Servant of the People party since 2019. During Zelensky s presidency, Ukraine has enacted difficult economic and ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. R46621 |
Title
Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2021 Appropriations: Overview Updated October 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46621 SUMMARY Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2021 Appropriations: Overview The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF11939 |
Title
October 5, 2021 Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2021 Annual Report According to the recent report of the Board of Trustees of the Social Security Trust Funds, the program s finances are in a similar, albeit marginally worse, position in 2021 to what they were in 2020. Under intermediate assumptions, the projected combined Trust Fund asset depletion date is 2034 (versus 2035 in last year ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11770 |
Title
INSIGHTi Labor Market Tightness and the Economic Recovery, Part 1 October 5, 2021 Recently, many businesses have reportedly complained of challenges posed by labor market tightness workforce shortages and difficulties in hiring to reduce them. This is generally considered unusual when employment is still low by historical standards one of the many unusual economic phenomena that have occurred ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IN11771 |
Title
INSIGHTi Labor Market Tightness and the Economic Recovery, Part 2 October 5, 2021 Recently, many businesses have reportedly complained of labor market tightness workforce shortages and difficulties in hiring to reduce them. This is surprising to many economists because employment is still low. If long-lasting, these shortages could hold back the economic recovery and potentially contribute to ...
|
| Date Oct. 5, 2021 |
Report No. IF10738 |
Title
Updated October 5, 2021 Social Security Dual Entitlement Overview Social Security is a social insurance program that partially replaces income lost due to retirement, disability, or death. Workers who have been in Social Security covered employment (jobs subject to Social Security payroll taxes) for a sufficient number of years become insured for Social Security and can receive cash benefits when ...
|
| Date Oct. 4, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10645 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 27 Oct. 3, 2021) October 4, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on precedential decisions of the Supreme ...
|
| Date Oct. 4, 2021 |
Report No. IF11013 |
Title
Updated October 4, 2021 U.S. Global Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs: Funding Trends and Issues for Congress The United States is the largest global donor of international family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) assistance, supporting programs in 40 countries. In recent years, Congress has appropriated approximately $575 million annually in funds for bilateral FP/RH ...
|
| Date Oct. 4, 2021 |
Report No. IF11938 |
Title
October 4, 2021 Russian Military Exercises The Russian military has routinely conducted two types of military exercises: annual strategic command staff exercises and combat readiness inspections. Many of these exercises are what most analysts consider part of a military s normal training routine. Russia uses these exercises to test military readiness, refine operational concepts, assess new ...
|
| Date Oct. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46930 |
Title
Informal Administrative Adjudication: An Overview October 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46930 SUMMARY Informal Administrative Adjudication: An Overview Federal agencies adjudicate a wide variety of matters, from applications for public benefits to enforcement actions against persons who have allegedly violated federal laws. Although the formal adjudication ...
|
| Date Oct. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IN11767 |
Title
INSIGHTi Trends in TANF Receipt: Select Information for the Debate to Extend the Expanded Child Credit October 1, 2021 The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2) temporarily expanded the child tax credit, transforming it into a near-universal cash benefit to families with children for 2021. For July to December, up to half of the credit is being advanced to families on a monthly basis. The ...
|
| Date Oct. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IN11768 |
Title
INSIGHTi The FAST Act Expires; the Department of Transportation Initiates Shutdown Procedures October 1, 2021 At midnight on September 30, 2021, the law authorizing federal surface transportation programs, the Fixing America s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act; P.L. 114-94), as extended, expired. The House is considering the Senate-passed Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684), ...
|
| Date Oct. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46929 |
Title
Federal Courthouse Construction: Process, Recent Projects, and Funding Options October 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46929 SUMMARY Federal Courthouse Construction: Process, Recent Projects, and Funding Options The federal courthouse construction program is jointly administered by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC) and the General Services ...
|
| Date Oct. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF11940 |
Title
October 1, 2021 Commercial Human Spaceflight Recent commercial flights to space by wealthy businesspeople and other private individuals have attracted interest both in Congress and among the general public. This In Focus summarizes current capabilities and plans for commercial human spaceflight, explains how it is regulated and licensed, defines some commonly used terminology, and discusses ...
|
| Date Sept. 30, 2021 |
Report No. R46928 |
Title
Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Background and Select Policy Issues in the 117th Congress September 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46928 Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Background and Select Policy Issues in the 117th Congress R46928 September 30 ...
|
| Date Sept. 30, 2021 |
Report No. R45387 |
Title
Morocco: Background and U.S. Relations Updated September 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45387 SUMMARY Morocco: Background and U.S. Relations R45387 September 30, 2021 Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament and local government officials. King Mohammed VI, who inherited the throne in 1999, maintains overarching political authority ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R46913 |
Title
FDA Approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine: Frequently Asked Questions Updated September 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46913 SUMMARY FDA Approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine: Frequently Asked Questions On August 23, 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its regulatory approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech Coronavirus ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. R46926 |
Title
Federal Cybersecurity: Background and Issues for Congress September 29, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46926 SUMMARY Federal Cybersecurity: Background and Issues for Congress Federal agencies are responsible for collecting, processing, storing, and disposing of a large amount of digital information related to individuals, businesses, and sensitive matters. ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IF11936 |
Title
September 29, 2021 U.S. Farm Income Outlook: September 2021 Forecast USDA Projects Higher Farm Income in 2021 Two major indicators of U.S. farm sector financial wellbeing are net farm income and net cash farm income (see below for an explanation of these indicators). In its September 2021 forecast, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS) anticipates both ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IF10742 |
Title
Updated September 29, 2021 Who Pays the Corporate Tax? Among the issues surrounding tax reform is who bears the burden of the corporate tax. The burden could fall on stockholders, on capital owners in general, or on labor. This question is important for characterizing the distributional effects of the tax. If the tax reduces the returns to capital, it falls largely on higher-income individuals who ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IN11554 |
Title
INSIGHTi Issues Raised by a Federal Government Shutdown: Grants to State and Local Governments and the COVID-19 Pandemic Updated September 29, 2021 Midnight September 30, 2021, will be the end of FY2021. In the absence of new funding legislation for FY2022, funding for federal agencies and activities funded through all 12 of the regular annual appropriations acts will lapse. The resulting lapse in ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IN11766 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Child Tax Credit Under the House Ways and Means Committee Build Back Better Reconciliation Language: Specified Child and Presumptive Eligibility September 29, 2021 In September 2021, the House Ways and Means Committee approved reconciliation language that would, among other changes, effectively extend the expanded child credit in effect in 2021 through the end of 2025. Should these ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IN11755 |
Title
INSIGHTi Germany s September 26 Elections Updated September 29, 2021 Merkel Era Ends, Successor Unclear None of the candidates to succeed Chancellor Angela Merkel won a clear governing mandate in Germany s September 26, 2021, parliamentary elections. The center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD), which has been Merkel s junior coalition partner for 12 of her 16 years in office, beat Merkel s ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IN11765 |
Title
INSIGHTi Changes in After-Tax Income from the Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act Distributional Analysis September 29, 2021 Distributional analysis can be used to illustrate how changes in tax policy may affect the economic wellbeing of taxpayers. Broadly, distributional analyses can be used to examine how system-wide tax burdens are shared across taxpayers, or the fairness of the tax ...
|
| Date Sept. 29, 2021 |
Report No. IN11360 |
Title
INSIGHTi Apportionment and Redistricting Following the 2020 Census Updated September 29, 2021 The census, apportionment, and congressional redistricting are interrelated processes that occur every decade. The U.S. Constitution provides that a decennial census determines the distribution of U.S. House seats across states. Dividing House seats across states is known as apportionment (or ...
|
| Date Sept. 28, 2021 |
Report No. R46923 |
Title
Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act: The House Ways and Means Committee s Legislative Recommendations September 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46923 Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act" Contents Tables Table 1. Subtitle B: Retirement ....................................................................................................... 3 ...
|
| Date Sept. 28, 2021 |
Report No. RL31653 |
Title
Supervised Release (Parole): An Overview of Federal Law Updated September 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31653 SUMMARY Supervised Release (Parole): An Overview of Federal Law Federal courts sentence almost 75% of the defendants convicted of federal offenses to a term of supervised release. A term of supervised release is a period following a defendant s ...
|
| Date Sept. 28, 2021 |
Report No. IN11763 |
Title
INSIGHTi Appointment Methods for Legislative Branch Inspectors General September 28, 2021 The inspector general (IG) for the Library of Congress (LOC), Kurt Hyde, retired from his position on August 31, 2021. When an IG position becomes vacant, a new appointment is made pursuant to the requirements and procedures laid out in that IG s enabling statute. For most IGs, this will be the Inspector ...
|
| Date Sept. 28, 2021 |
Report No. RS21364 |
Title
Supervised Release (Parole): An Abbreviated Outline of Federal Law Updated September 28, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21364 SUMMARY Supervised Release (Parole): An Abbreviated Outline of Federal Law Federal courts sentence almost 75% of the defendants convicted of federal offenses to a term of supervised release. A term of supervised release is a period ...
|
| Date Sept. 27, 2021 |
Report No. R46922 |
Title
Need-Tested Benefits: Children and Poverty September 27, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46922 SUMMARY Need-Tested Benefits: Children and Poverty For families with children, the years immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized by high rates of employment for parents and historically low poverty rates for children. In 2017, 95% of all ...
|
| Date Sept. 27, 2021 |
Report No. R46921 |
Title
Marine Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): Background, Statutory Authorities, and Issues for Congress September 27, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46921 SUMMARY Marine Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): Background, Statutory Authorities, and Issues for Congress R46921 September 27, 2021 Eva Lipiec Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Experts agree that the widespread ...
|
| Date Sept. 27, 2021 |
Report No. R46920 |
Title
Federal Airport Noise Regulations and Programs September 27, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46920 SUMMARY Federal Airport Noise Regulations and Programs Federal regulations mandating quieter aircraft have led to a considerable reduction of aircraft noise exposure over the past few decades. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has estimated that the number ...
|
| Date Sept. 27, 2021 |
Report No. IN11761 |
Title
INSIGHTi United States Bankruptcy Courts: Analysis of Caseload Statistics for the 12-Month Period Ending June 30, 2021 September 27, 2021 This Insight provides information and statistics related to filings in the United States bankruptcy courts for the 12-month period ending June 30, 2021 (this is the most recent reporting period for which data are available). While the Insight provides ...
|
| Date Sept. 27, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10644 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 20 26, 2021) September 27, 2021 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on precedential decisions of the Supreme ...
|
