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Report No.
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| Date Sept. 13, 2021 |
Report No. IF11923 |
Title
September 13, 2021 Wildlife Poaching and Trafficking in Africa: An Overview Overview Wildlife poaching the illegal hunting or capture of wild animals occurs in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Africa), a biodiverse region. Poaching is a component of wildlife trafficking (i.e., illegal trade in wildlife). International demand, particularly from Asia, drives poaching and trafficking of certain ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2021 |
Report No. IN11691 |
Title
INSIGHTi Political Transition in Tokyo Updated September 10, 2021 On September 3, 2021, Japan s Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga abruptly withdrew from seeking reelection as leader of Japan s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Suga s announcement thrust Japanese politics into uncertainty, with the range of outcomes holding potentially significant implications for the U.S.-Japan alliance. Suga s ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10640 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Mechanisms for Dealing with Changed Circumstances in Federal Contracting September 10, 2021 The federal government enters into hundreds of billions of dollars in contracts for the acquisition of goods and services every year. The complexity of these acquisitions run the gamut, ranging from the development of propulsion systems to support missions to Mars to the provision of ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10639 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Redistricting 2021: Legal Framework September 10, 2021 In August 2021, the Census Bureau released the 2020 redistricting data, and based on that data, states have begun the process of congressional redistricting. Redistricting is the drawing of district boundaries within each state from which voters elect their representatives to the U.S. House of Representatives. In ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46905 |
Title
Ethiopia s Transition and the Tigray Conflict September 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46905 SUMMARY Ethiopia s Transition and the Tigray Conflict The conflict in Ethiopia s Tigray region has fueled a large-scale humanitarian crisis and attracted international concern, amid reports of starvation and atrocities. The war has taken a heavy human and economic ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46904 |
Title
Legislative Reforms to Commercial Aircraft Certification September 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46904 SUMMARY Legislative Reforms to Commercial Aircraft Certification R46904 September 9, 2021 Bart Elias An important Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) function is certifying the safety of aviation Specialist in Aviation Policy products including aircraft ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IF11919 |
Title
September 9, 2021 Federal Crop Insurance for Hemp Crops The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; P.L. 115-334) provided a framework to legalize hemp under federal law and facilitate the commercial cultivation, processing, marketing, and sale of hemp and hemp-derived products in the United States. In addition to establishing a regulatory program for production at the U.S. Department ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IN11745 |
Title
INSIGHTi Open Banking, Data Sharing, and the CFPB s 1033 Rulemaking September 9, 2021 New technologies that use digitized consumer financial data have led to the development of new financial products and services for consumers in recent years. Open banking refers to the practice of giving financial services firms access to customer banking and other financial data to facilitate the development of ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2021 |
Report No. IN11746 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19-Related Impact on the Banking Industry: Conditions in the First Quarter 2021 September 9, 2021 Although bank regulation is designed to allow banks to withstand some amount of unexpected losses, some worry that the economic ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in enough borrowers missing loan payments to cause distress for banks. This Insight presents certain bank ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2021 |
Report No. R46903 |
Title
Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Programs September 9, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46903 SUMMARY Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Programs R46903 September 9, 2021 The vast U.S. network of natural gas, crude oil, and refined product pipelines is integral to U.S. energy supply and also has vital links to other critical infrastructure such as power plants and ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2021 |
Report No. R46902 |
Title
Nationwide Injunctions: Law, History, and Proposals for Reform September 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46902 SUMMARY Nationwide Injunctions: Law, History, and Proposals for Reform R46902 September 8, 2021 Joanna R. Lampe In recent years, nationwide injunctions have generated significant debate among scholars, Legislative Attorney advocates, judges, and ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IN11743 |
Title
INSIGHTi Prospect of a New Western Regional Transmission Organization September 8, 2021 Electric power systems in many western states are under stress with wildfires, persistent drought, and heat waves presenting challenges to reliability, with some seeing climate change as a driver of the West s extreme weather. The growth of population in the region also is increasing demand for electric power, ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2021 |
Report No. IN11744 |
Title
INSIGHTi S. 503, the Parents Act of 2021 September 8, 2021 The PARENTS Act of 2021 (S. 503) passed the Senate by a voice vote on July 27, 2021. This proposal would allow Child Support Enforcement (CSE) incentive funds to be spent by CSE programs on certain parenting time-related activities without the need for an exemption from the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) in the U.S. Department ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN11742 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hurricane Ida Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources September 7, 2021 Introduction On August 29, Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 major hurricane near Port Fourchon, Louisiana. The remnants of the storm caused further damage in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast in early September. This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency and major disaster declarations ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2021 |
Report No. R44818 |
Title
Gun Control, Veterans Benefits, and Mental Incompetency Determinations Updated September 7, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44818 Gun Control, Veterans Benefits, and Mental Incompetency Determinations Summary Since 1998, under the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 (Brady Act; P.L. 103159), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has provided records ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2021 |
Report No. IF11917 |
Title
September 7, 2021 High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program Administered by the White House s Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), the HIDTA program provides assistance to law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, local, and tribal levels that are operating in regions of the United States that have been deemed as critical drug trafficking regions. The program aims to ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2021 |
Report No. IN11737 |
Title
INSIGHTi Furloughs Likely If Surface Transportation Appropriations and Authorizations Lapse on September 30 September 7, 2021 At midnight September 30, 2021, the law authorizing federal surface transportation programs, the Fixing America s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act; P.L. 114-94), as extended, as well as the annual transportation appropriations provided in the Continuing Appropriations ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R45864 |
Title
Tax Policy and Disaster Recovery Updated September 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45864 SUMMARY Tax Policy and Disaster Recovery The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) contains a number of provisions intended to provide disaster relief. Following certain disasters, Congress has passed legislation with temporary and targeted tax relief policies. At other times, ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2021 |
Report No. R46899 |
Title
Regular Appropriations Acts: Selected Statutory Interpretation Issues September 3, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46899 SUMMARY Regular Appropriations Acts: Selected Statutory Interpretation Issues The Constitution s Appropriations Clause provides that No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law. Congress, and ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IF11813 |
Title
Updated September 2, 2021 Presumptive Service Connection: Former Servicemembers of Camp Stronghold Freedom at Karshi-Khanabad (K2) Airbase In recent years, exposure to potentially toxic hazards, like open-air burn pits, has gained congressional attention. In the 117th Congress, the House and Senate Veterans Affairs Committees have indicated ongoing interest in examining the association of ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11671 |
Title
INSIGHTi Canadian Railroads Competing to Acquire Major U.S. Freight Line Updated September 2, 2021 Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) and Kansas City Southern (KCS), two of the seven Class I companies that handle long-distance U.S. rail traffic, announced a merger agreement in March. In April, another Class I carrier, Canadian National (CN), submitted what it termed a superior proposal to acquire KCS, ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2021 |
Report No. IN11738 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Postal Service Increases Postage Rates September 2, 2021 On August 29, 2021, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) raised prices on many of its postal products and services, including its First-Class Forever stamps. The increase in rates was approved by the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) on July 19, 2021, following a request submitted by the USPS in May 2021. This is the second rate ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46891 |
Title
Federal Economic Development Resources for Tribal Nations: A Survey September 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46891 SUMMARY Federal Economic Development Resources for Tribal Nations: A Survey R46891 September 1, 2021 Michael H. Cecire American Indian tribes and Alaska Native communities have a unique relationship to the U.S. Analyst in federal government, ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46893 |
Title
S.Con.Res. 14: The Budget Resolution for FY2022 September 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46893 SUMMARY S.Con.Res. 14: The Budget Resolution for FY2022 In August 2021, the House and Senate adopted S.Con.Res. 14, a budget resolution for FY2022. The budget resolution generally represents an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for the ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2021 |
Report No. R46890 |
Title
Inflation in the Wake of COVID-19 September 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46890 SUMMARY Inflation in the Wake of COVID-19 The Federal Reserve defines stable prices to be inflation (the general rise in the price of goods and services) of 2% annually. After decades of low inflation, inflation has been above the Fed s 2% target since March 2021 and is ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IN11440 |
Title
INSIGHTi Potential FEMA Emergency Sheltering Options During the COVID-19 Pandemic Updated September 1, 2021 Some hazards (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires) may result in evacuations and the displacement of disaster survivors. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), state, local, tribal, and territorial governments (SLTTs) are responsible for conducting emergency sheltering ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IN11736 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Home Office Tax Deduction September 1, 2021 The home office deduction allows certain taxpayers to deduct expenses attributable to the business use of their homes. In response to public health concerns surrounding the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic, many workers transitioned to remote work or work-from-home arrangements, increasing interest in this deduction. However, ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2021 |
Report No. IF10779 |
Title
Updated September 1, 2021 U.S. Sanctions on Russia: An Overview The United States maintains sanctions on Russia related to Russia s 2014 invasion of Ukraine, malicious cyber activities and influence operations (including election interference), human rights abuses, use of a chemical weapon, weapons proliferation, illicit trade with North Korea, support to the governments of Syria and Venezuela, ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2021 |
Report No. IN11734 |
Title
INSIGHTi The COVID-19-Related Fiscal Response: Recent Actions and Future Options August 31, 2021 The federal response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has included programs providing economic relief to individuals, businesses, and state and local governments. Expiration or exhaustion of several of these programs has generated congressional discussions on the effect extending ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2021 |
Report No. IN11735 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposed Extension of Interest Rate Stabilization Percentages for Single Employer Plans August 31, 2021 Participants in defined benefit (DB) pension plans typically receive monthly payments from the plans when they retire. Employers that sponsor these plans set aside an amount each year to fund the benefits that will be paid. The benefit obligations are a plan liability spread out over ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2021 |
Report No. IN11673 |
Title
INSIGHTi The CDC s Federal Eviction Moratorium Updated August 31, 2021 On August 26, 2021, the Supreme Court blocked enforcement of the new order temporarily imposing an eviction moratorium issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Court determined that the plaintiffs were virtually certain to succeed on the merits of their argument that the CDC has exceeded its ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2021 |
Report No. R46896 |
Title
Low Earth Orbit Satellites: Potential to Address the Broadband Digital Divide August 31, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46896 SUMMARY Low Earth Orbit Satellites: Potential to Address the Broadband Digital Divide As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began to unfold, many federal, state, and local governments, in addition to large and small ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10638 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Blocks Enforcement of the CDC s Eviction Moratorium August 30, 2021 On August 26, 2021, the Supreme Court blocked enforcement of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s (CDC s) nationwide temporary eviction moratorium issued on August 3, 2021. In granting the plaintiffs emergency motion to vacate a lower court s ruling allowing the moratorium to remain in ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2021 |
Report No. R44900 |
Title
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): OECD/G20 Tax Proposals Updated August 26, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44900 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): OECD/G20 Tax Proposals Summary Taxes collected by countries around the world can be reduced through various avoidance mechanisms that shift corporate profits out of higher-tax-rate jurisdictions into ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2021 |
Report No. R44629 |
Title
Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs): Background and Issues for Congress Updated August 27, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44629 Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) Summary The federal government supports research and development (R&D) that is conducted by a wide variety of performers, including federally owned and ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2021 |
Report No. LSB10637 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Shadow Docket : The Supreme Court s Non-Merits Orders Updated August 27, 2021 The evening of Friday, August 20, 2021, saw significant activity on the Supreme Court s non-merits docket. That evening, the Biden Administration filed an application for stay pending appeal in Biden v. Texas, seeking to pause a Texas district court order blocking the rescission of a Trump ...
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| Date Aug. 26, 2021 |
Report No. IF11872 |
Title
Updated August 26, 2021 Russia: The Navalny Poisoning, Chemical Weapons Use, and U.S. Sanctions On March 2, 2021, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken determined that in August 2020 the Russian government used a chemical weapon in an attack on opposition figure and anticorruption activist Alexei Navalny in violation of international law and against one of its own nationals. This finding ...
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| Date Aug. 26, 2021 |
Report No. IN11666 |
Title
INSIGHTi Climate Change and U.S. Financial Regulators: Overview and Recent Actions Updated August 26, 2021 Under the Biden Administration, financial regulators have announced a range of new measures to address financial risks associated with climate change. The Department of the Treasury, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the Federal Reserve have each announced new steps: The ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2021 |
Report No. R46888 |
Title
Amending Eligibility Rules for Free and Reduced-Price School Meals: Background and Policy Options August 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46888 SUMMARY Eligibility Rules for Free and Reduced-Price School Meals: Background and Policy Options In 1946, the National School Lunch Act (P.L. 79-396) established that schools participating in the National School ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2021 |
Report No. IN11731 |
Title
INSIGHTi Afghanistan Evacuation: The Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and the Defense Production Act (DPA) August 25, 2021 Created in 1951, the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) operates under the Defense Production Act s (DPA) Title I allocations authority and is available to respond to national defense needs or other contingencies. CRAF is a cooperative emergency airlift program involving U.S. civil ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2021 |
Report No. R46886 |
Title
Use of Militia, National Guard, or Federal Armed Forces within the District of Columbia Prior to 2020 August 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46886 SUMMARY Use of Militia, National Guard, or Federal Armed Forces within the District of Columbia Prior to 2020 Militia, National Guard, and federal armed forces have occasionally operated within the District of ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2021 |
Report No. IF11913 |
Title
August 25, 2021 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW): Budget and U.S. Contributions The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the international organization responsible for overseeing implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC, or Convention). The parties to the CWC have agreed to destroy and prevent ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2021 |
Report No. IF11912 |
Title
August 25, 2021 Noncitizen Eligibility for Medicaid and CHIP Medicaid and the State Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provide a health care safety net for lowincome populations. The availability of these programs for noncitizens (i.e., aliens in immigration law) depends on the noncitizen s immigration status and certain other factors. The Migration Policy Institute estimates 2.4 million ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2021 |
Report No. IF11910 |
Title
August 25, 2021 Cryptocurrency Transfers and Data Collection Overview The extent to which the government should collect data on and require reporting of cryptocurrency ( crypto ) transfers has been the focus of recent policy discussions. Both the Biden Administration s FY2022 budget proposal and H.R. 3684, as amended and passed by the Senate on August 10, 2021, would enhance and expand tax ...
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| Date Aug. 24, 2021 |
Report No. R46889 |
Title
Office of National Drug Control Policy and Its Role in Federal Drug Control August 24, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46889 SUMMARY Office of National Drug Control Policy and Its Role in Federal Drug Control The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is responsible for creating, implementing, and evaluating U.S. drug control policies to reduce the use, ...
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| Date Aug. 24, 2021 |
Report No. IN11730 |
Title
INSIGHTi Afghan Aerial Evacuation in Context August 24, 2021 On August 15, 2021, the U.S. military began evacuating thousands of persons from Hamid Karzai International Airport, in Kabul, Afghanistan. As of August 24, the military has airlifted approximately 64,000 persons since July (Figure 1) of those, approximately 40,000 were reportedly evacuated since August 16 and 12,700 were reportedly ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2021 |
Report No. R46882 |
Title
Trade Remedies: Countervailing Duties August 23, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46882 SUMMARY Trade Remedies: Countervailing Duties The U.S. Constitution grants to Congress the power to regulate trade with foreign nations and levy tariffs. Since 1922, U.S. law and foreign policy have favored applying tariffs and duties equally to all trading partners. This ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2021 |
Report No. IN11728 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Collapse of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces: Implications for U.S. Security Assistance and Cooperation August 23, 2021 The swift collapse of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF), which had received tens of billions of dollars in U.S. training and equipment over two decades, has prompted questions about U.S. security assistance in Afghanistan and ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2021 |
Report No. IN10756 |
Title
INSIGHTi Confederate Names and Military Installations Updated August 23, 2021 U.S. Military Bases Named in Honor of Confederate Military Leaders There are 10 major military installations named after Confederate Civil War commanders located in the former states of the Confederacy. These are all Army installations: Fort Rucker (after Col. Edmund W. Rucker, who was given the honorary title of General ...
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| Date Aug. 20, 2021 |
Report No. R46554 |
Title
Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic Updated August 20, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46554 SUMMARY Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on labor market metrics for every state, economic sector, and major demographic group in the United States. This report provides information on ...
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