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| Date Jan. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL31365 |
Title
Order Code RL31365 Unauthorized Alien Students: Legislation in the 107th and 108th Congresses Updated January 17, 2007 Andorra Bruno Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Jeffrey J. Kuenzi Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Unauthorized Alien Students: Legislation in the 107th and 108th Congresses Summary Unauthorized alien students constitute ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RS22410 |
Title
Order Code RS22410 Updated January 17, 2007 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Budget for FY2007: President s Request, Congressional Appropriations, and Related Issues Wayne A. Morrissey Information Research Specialist (Science & Technology) Knowledge Services Group Summary This report tracks congressional appropriation action on the President s FY2007 funding request for ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RS21979 |
Title
Order Code RS21979 Updated January 17, 2007 Terrorism Risk Insurance: An Overview Baird Webel Analyst in Economics Government and Finance Division Summary After September 11, 2001, many businesses were no longer able to purchase insurance protecting against property losses that might occur in future terrorist attacks. Addressing this problem, Congress passed the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL33205 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The United States has entered into a number of Free Trade Agreements, or FTAs, with Australia, Chile, Singapore, and other trading partners. Negotiations are currently ongoing with respect to the establishment of additional FTAs. In keeping with a congressional directive established in the Bipartisan Trade Promotion Act of 2002, P.L. 107-210, one ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL32445 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Natural gas consumption in the United States is expected to increase substantially over the coming decades primarily because of its usefulness in generating relatively clean electricity. Domestic supplies are projected to be unable to meet increasing demand because existing fields are yielding less production and new drilling efforts are not ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL32795 |
Title
Order Code RL32795 Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs): Reform Legislation in the 109th Congress Updated January 16, 2007 Mark Jickling Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs): Reform Legislation in the 109th Congress Summary Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), chartered by Congress to establish a ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33216 |
Title
Order Code RL33216 Veterans Benefits Issues in the 109th Congress Updated January 16, 2007 Carol D. Davis Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Christine Scott Specialist in Tax Economics Domestic Social Policy Division Veterans Benefits Issues in the 109th Congress Summary This report presents a brief overview of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) non-health benefit ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL32314 |
Title
Order Code RL32314 U.S.-Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations Updated January 16, 2007 Raymond J. Ahearn and Wayne M. Morrison Specialists in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division U.S.- Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations Summary President Bush and former Thai Prime Minister Thaskin on October 19, 2003, agreed to negotiate a bilateral free trade ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33658 |
Title
Order Code RL33658 Federal Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction: Legislation in the 109th Congress Updated January 16, 2007 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Federal Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction: Legislation in the 109th Congress Summary Crime is usually territorial. It is ordinarily a matter of the law of the place where it occurs. Nevertheless, a surprising number ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS22489 |
Title
Order Code RS22489 Updated January 16, 2007 Copyright Protection of Digital Audio Radio Broadcasts: The Audio Flag Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary Protecting audio content broadcasted by digital and satellite radios from unauthorized dissemination and reproduction is a priority for producers and owners of those copyrighted works. One technological measure that has ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS22360 |
Title
Order Code RS22360 Updated January 16, 2007 Venue for Federal Criminal Prosecution: Proposals in the 109th Congress Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Summary Venue, the place where federal criminal trials may be held, is a matter of constitutional and statutory law. Several proposals in the 109th Congress would have expanded federal venue. The Supreme Court s recent decisions ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS22357 |
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Order Code RS22357 Updated January 16, 2007 Authorization For Use Of Military Force in Response to the 9/11 Attacks (P.L. 107-40): Legislative History Richard F. Grimmett Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary In response to the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, the Congress passed legislation, S.J.Res. 23, on September ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS21005 |
Title
Order Code RS21005 Updated January 16, 2007 Presidential Grave Sites: Maintenance and Congressional District Locations Joseph J. Schwarz Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary This report1 lists all U.S. Presidents, their terms of service, information concerning their grave sites, such as the address and the congressional districts of the grave sites, and the names and ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS20775 |
Title
Order Code RS20775 Updated January 16, 2007 Congressional Use of Funding Cutoffs Since 1970 Involving U.S. Military Forces and Overseas Deployments Richard F. Grimmett Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary This report provides background information on major instances, since 1970, when Congress has utilized funding cutoffs to compel the withdrawal of ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS21954 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Most employers that sponsor retirement savings plans under 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) require employees to decide whether to enroll in the plan. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has issued rulings to inform employers that it is permissible under current law to enroll employees in these plans automatically, provided that the employee ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2007 |
Report No. RL33259 |
Title
Order Code RL33259 Federal Habeas Corpus Relief: Background, Legislation, and Issues Updated January 12, 2007 Lisa M. Seghetti Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Nathan James Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Federal Habeas Corpus Relief: Background, Legislation, and Issues Summary Federal habeas corpus is the statutory procedure under ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2007 |
Report No. RS22374 |
Title
Order Code RS22374 Updated January 12, 2007 Data Security: Federal and State Laws Gina Marie Stevens Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary Security breaches involving electronic personal data have come to light largely as a result of the California Security Breach Notification Act, a California law that went into effect in 2003. In response to frequently occurring breaches of personal ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2007 |
Report No. RL33373 |
Title
Order Code RL33373 Oil Industry Profit Review 2005 Updated January 12, 2007 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics and Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Oil Industry Profit Review 2005 Summary The increase in world oil prices that began in 2004 and continued into 2005 led to increasing revenues and net incomes for all sectors of the oil industry. In 2004 and continuing into ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RL33796 |
Title
Order Code RL33796 Sarbanes-Oxley and the Competitive Position of U.S. Stock Markets January 11, 2007 Mark Jickling Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Sarbanes-Oxley and the Competitive Position of U.S. Stock Markets Summary Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-204) to remedy weaknesses in accounting and corporate governance exposed by massive fraud at ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RL31315 |
Title
Order Code RL31315 Education of Limited English Proficient and Recent Immigrant Students: Provisions in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Updated January 11, 2007 Jeffrey J. Kuenzi Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Education of Limited English Proficient and Recent Immigrant Students: Provisions in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Summary The No Child Left Behind ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RL33058 |
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Order Code RL33058 K-12 Education Programs: Recent Appropriations Updated January 11, 2007 Paul M. Irwin Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division K-12 Education Programs: Recent Appropriations Summary On February 6, 2006, the President submitted the FY2007 budget request to the Congress; the request for K-12 education programs was $36.9 billion. This amount represents a ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RL33797 |
Title
Order Code RL33797 Copyright Protection of Digital Television: The Broadcast Video Flag January 11, 2007 Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Copyright Protection of Digital Television: The Broadcast Video Flag Summary In November 2003, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a rule that required all digital devices capable of receiving digital television (DTV) ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RS22484 |
Title
Order Code RS22484 January 11, 2007 Identity Theft Laws: State Penalties and Remedies and Pending Federal Bills1 Tara Rainson Law Librarian Knowledge Services Group Summary This report provides an overview of state laws on identity theft.2 State laws to penalize identity theft are discussed, as well as state laws to assist identity theft victims, including those that permit the consumers to block ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RS22501 |
Title
Order Code RS22501 Updated January 11, 2007 Child Welfare: the Chafee Foster Care Independence Program (CFCIP) Adrienne L. Fernandes Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Summary While most young people have access to financial and emotional support systems throughout their early adult years, former foster care youth often lack assistance in developing independent living ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2007 |
Report No. RS22141 |
Title
Order Code RS22141 Updated January 11, 2007 Gangs in Central America Clare M. Ribando Analyst in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary The 110th Congress is likely to continue to be concerned about the effects of crime and gang violence in Central America, and its spillover effects on the United States. Since February 2005, U.S. officials have arrested more ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RL33549 |
Title
Order Code RL33549 Safe Drinking Water Act: Background and Issues in the 109th Congress Updated January 10, 2007 Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Safe Drinking Water Act: Background and Issues in the 109th Congress Summary In the 109th Congress, key drinking water issues involved water infrastructure funding and problems caused by specific ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RL33811 |
Title
Order Code RL33811 The President s Demand-Driven Workforce Development Initiatives January 10, 2007 Ann Lordeman Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Linda Levine Specialist in Labor Economics Domestic Social Policy Division The President s Demand-Driven Workforce Development Initiatives Summary Since the current Bush Administration came into office, the U.S. Department ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RL32786 |
Title
Order Code RL32786 The Presidential Election Campaign Fund and Tax Checkoff: Background and Current Issues Updated January 10, 2007 Joseph E. Cantor Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division The Presidential Election Campaign Fund and Tax Checkoff: Background and Current Issues Summary Since 1976, presidential elections have been financed to some extent through ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RS22392 |
Title
Order Code RS22392 Updated January 10, 2007 Religious Freedom Restoration Act: An Overview of Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal Daniel Schuman Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary On February 21, 2006, the Supreme Court issued an opinion in Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), a case addressing the use of an hallucinogenic tea in ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL31487 |
Title
Order Code RL31487 Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act Updated January 9, 2007 Wayne C. Riddle Specialist in Education Policy Domestic Social Policy Division Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act Summary Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL32817 |
Title
Order Code RL32817 Child Care Issues in the 109th Congress Updated January 9, 2007 Melinda Gish Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Child Care Issues in the 109th Congress Summary Federal support for child care comes in many forms, ranging from grant programs to tax provisions. Some programs serve as specifically dedicated funding sources for child care services (e.g., ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL33490 |
Title
Order Code RL33490 Vietnam PNTR Status and WTO Accession: Issues and Implications for the United States Updated January 9, 2007 Mark E. Manyin and William H. Cooper Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Bernard A. Gelb Resources, Science, and Industry Division Vietnam PNTR Status and WTO Accession: Issues and Implications for the United States Summary On December 8, 2006, the House passed ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL32778 |
Title
Order Code RL32778 The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA): Reauthorization of Job Training Programs in the 109th Congress Updated January 9, 2007 Blake Alan Naughton and Ann Lordeman Domestic Social Policy Division The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA): Reauthorization of Job Training Programs in the 109th Congress Summary Title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), P.L. 105- ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL33789 |
Title
Order Code RL33789 Federal Aviation Administration: An Abridged Look at Reauthorization Issues in the 110th Congress January 9, 2007 Bart Elias, Coordinator Specialist in Aviation Safety, Security, and Technology Resources, Science, and Industry Division John W. Fischer, Robert S. Kirk, James E. McCarthy and Brent D. Yacobucci Resources, Science, and Industry Division Jon O. Shimabukuro and Todd ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RS22243 |
Title
Order Code RS22243 Updated January 9, 2007 Mandatory Funding for Agriculture Conservation Programs Jeffrey A. Zinn Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 authorized large increases in mandatory funding for several agricultural conservation programs. Most of these programs expire in FY2007, and the ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2007 |
Report No. RL32899 |
Title
Order Code RL32899 Housing Issues in the 109th Congress Updated January 8, 2007 Maggie McCarty, Libby Perl, and Bruce E. Foote Domestic Social Policy Division Eugene Boyd, Pamela J. Jackson, and N. Eric Weiss Government and Finance Division Meredith Peterson Knowledge Services Group Housing Issues in the 109th Congress Summary The 109th Congress considered a number of housing-related issues in its ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2007 |
Report No. RL33783 |
Title
Order Code RL33783 Presidential Appointments to Full-time Positions in Executive Departments During the 108th Congress, 2003-2004 January 8, 2007 Henry B. Hogue Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Maureen Bearden Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Dana Ely Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Presidential Appointments to ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2007 |
Report No. RS21190 |
Title
Order Code RS21190 Updated January 8, 2007 Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects Bernard A. Gelb Specialist in Industry Economics Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary There is a likelihood of relatively large reserves of crude oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea region, and a consequent large increase in oil and natural gas production from that area. Because diversity of ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. 98-67 |
Title
Order Code 98-67 Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth Updated January 5, 2007 Lennard G. Kruger, John D. Moteff, Angele A. Gilroy, Jeffrey W. Seifert, and Patricia Moloney Figliola Resources, Science, and Industry Division Rita Tehan Knowledge Services Group Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth Summary In ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RL31723 |
Title
Order Code RL31723 Textile and Apparel Trade Issues Updated January 5, 2007 Bernard A. Gelb Specialist in Industry Economics Resources, Science, and Industry Division Textile and Apparel Trade Issues Summary Textile and apparel production and international trade have been important elements of economic activity and growth since the Industrial Revolution. Major reasons are (1) textiles and apparel ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RL33240 |
Title
Order Code RL33240 Kinetic Energy Kill for Ballistic Missile Defense: A Status Overview Updated January 5, 2007 Steven A. Hildreth Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Kinetic Energy Kill for Ballistic Missile Defense: A Status Overview Summary For some time, U.S. ballistic missile defense (BMD) programs have focused primarily on developing kinetic energy ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RL33781 |
Title
Order Code RL33781 Pharmaceutical Costs: An International Comparison of Government Policies January 5, 2007 Gretchen A. Jacobson Analyst in Medicare Domestic Social Policy Division Pharmaceutical Costs: An International Comparison of Government Policies Summary The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) (P.L. 108-173) addressed the rising costs of prescription ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RS22565 |
Title
Order Code RS22565 January 5, 2007 Farm Protection Program: Status and Current Issues Ren e Johnson Analyst in Agricultural Economics Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The Farm Protection Program (FPP) is a voluntary federal program that provides funding to buy conservation easements from farmers and ranchers in an effort to limit conversion of farmland to nonagricultural uses. FPP ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RS22336 |
Title
Order Code RS22336 Updated January 5, 2007 GSE Reform: A New Affordable Housing Fund N. Eric Weiss Analyst in Financial Institutions Government and Finance Division Summary One key feature of the government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) reform bill that the House passed in the 109th Congress (H.R. 1461) was the requirement that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac give part of their profits to create new ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RS22546 |
Title
Order Code RS22546 Updated January 5, 2007 Kyrgyzstan s Constitutional Crisis: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary This report examines civil disorder in Kyrgyzstan surrounding the enactment of a new constitution providing for greater balance between presidential and legislative ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RS22560 |
Title
Order Code RS22560 Updated January 5, 2007 Disaster Housing Assistance: A Legal Analysis of ACORN v. FEMA Kamilah M. Holder Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary This report discusses the ongoing litigation in Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) v. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), litigation that involves certain evacuees from Hurricane Katrina and ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33412 |
Title
Order Code RL33412 Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2007 Appropriations Updated January 4, 2007 Jim Monke, Coordinator, Geoffrey S. Becker, Ralph M. Chite, Tadlock Cowan, Charles E. Hanrahan, Jean M. Rawson, and Jeffrey A. Zinn Resources, Science and Industry Division Joe Richardson and Susan Thaul Domestic Social Policy Division Mark Jickling Government and Finance Division The annual ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL31403 |
Title
Order Code RL31403 China s Trade with the United States and the World Updated January 4, 2007 Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Dick K. Nanto Specialist in Industry and Trade Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division China s Trade with the United States and the World Summary As imports from the People s Republic of China (PRC) have surged in ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33219 |
Title
Order Code RL33219 U.S. and International Responses to the Global Spread of Avian Flu: Issues for Congress Updated January 4, 2007 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther Specialist in Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division U.S. and International Responses to the Global Spread of Avian Flu: Issues for Congress Summary Influenza A/H5N1 is one of many influenza (flu) strains currently spreading ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33465 |
Title
Order Code RL33465 Clean Water Act: A Review of Issues in the 109th Congress Updated January 4, 2007 Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Clean Water Act: A Review of Issues in the 109th Congress Summary Legislative initiatives to comprehensively amend the Clean Water Act (CWA) have stalled for some time as interested parties ...
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